Total Antioxidant Response Research Articles

In vitro examination of the antioxidants, osajin and pomiferin, in cultured rat mesangial cells

Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify concentrations of osajin and pomiferin, purified compounds originating from Maclura pomifera, that work as effective antioxidants while maintaining cell viability in cultured rat mesangial cells. Rationale and Significance: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication faced by type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients alike. Oxidative stress has emerged as an important pathogenic mechanism in the development of glomerular and tubular injury in DN. Identifying novel antioxidants found in natural compounds could serve as an effective treatment in DN to prevent renal cell damage. Methodology: Rat mesangial cells (NMS) were grown to confluency in RPMI 1640 medium with 17% fetal bovine serum and 1x antibiotic/antimycotic. NMS cells were exposed to vehicle (control) or varying concentrations of pomiferin or osajin. MTT cell survival assays were used to assess cell viability for the selected concentrations. Antioxidant status was assessed using the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay from Sigma-Aldrich and quercetin was selected as a positive control. Findings: Data from MTT cell viability assays demonstrated several concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mM) of both osajin and pomiferin maintained cell viability in NMS cells. Antioxidant capacity assay plans will be discussed as this is an ongoing project and we hope to identify the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant response in NMS cells. Future plans also include moving forward with selected concentrations to identify the effectiveness of osajin and/or pomiferin in preventing high glucose-induced damage to glomerular cells and proximal tubular epithelial cells as this will be essential for investigating the benefit of using either compound in diabetic nephropathy. Research reported in this poster was supported by the University of the Incarnate Word Offce of Research and Graduate Studies. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effect of silymarin on the parameters of oxidative stress in hearts in the course of diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats

Chronic hyperglycemia is one of the most important causes of the formation of oxygen free radicals in diabetes, which damage various organs. Damage to proteins and lipids in the heart can lead to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which in turn may cause cardiovascular failure. In order to counteract oxidative stress, the innate antioxidant mechanisms of the system should be supported by supplementation with exogenous antioxidants, for instance of plant origin. In this experiment, the role of silymarin, a plant-derived flavonolignan on the oxidative stress parameters and oxidative damage markers in the hearts was determined in an experimental model of diabetes. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg (ip). Then, silymarin was administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for four weeks via a gastric tube. In diabetic animals an increase in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in heart tissues was noted. Administration of silymarin inhibited oxidative stress by increasing the total antioxidant response, decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products and a slight increase in the level of glutathione. It can be concluded that the redox state in the examined tissue improved. Based on the results in can be concluded that silymarin demonstrates a potential in preventing the development of oxidative damage in the heart tissue in the course of experimental diabetes.

IAA-decorated CuO nanocarriers significantly improve Chickpea growth by increasing antioxidative activities.

Plant growth regulators tagged on metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) may function as nanofertilizers with reduced toxicity of NPs. CuO NPs were synthesized to function as nanocarriers of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed 30.4nm size of NPs and sheet-like structure, respectively, of CuO-IAA NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed CuO-IAA formation. IAA-decorated CuO NPs enhanced the physiological parameters of Chickpea plants, i.e., root length, shoot length, and biomass compared to naked CuO NPs. The variation in physiological response was due to change of phytochemical contents in plants. Phenolic content increased up to 17.98 and 18.13 µgGAE/mg DW at 20 and 40mg/L of CuO-IAA NPs, respectively. However, significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes' activity was recorded compared to control. Presence of CuO-IAA NPs increased the reducing potential of plants at higher concentration of NPs, while decrease in total antioxidant response was observed. This study concludes that IAA conjugation to CuO NPs reduces toxicity of NPs. Furthermore, NPs can be explored as nanocarriers for plant modulators and slow release in future studies.

Kadmiyum toksisitesi oluşturulan ratlarda arı sütünün farklı dozlarının oksidatif stres ve telomeraz enzimi üzerine etkileri

Purpose: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that seriously threatens human health due to environmental pollution, is widely used in industry and agriculture, and causes oxidative stress and tissue damage. This study aims to examine the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on oxidative status and telomerase enzyme activity in tissue damage induced by Cd.
 Materials and Methods: The experimental design was made with 6 rats in each group. A total of 6 groups were created: control group, Cd group, 250 mg/kg RJ group, Cd + 250 mg/kg RJ group, 400 mg/kg RJ group, Cd + 400 mg/kg RJ group. In the study, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status in blood serum were investigated by colorimetric method, and telomerase enzyme activity in ovarian tissue was investigated by ELISA method.
 Results: Cd caused an increase in oxidative capacity (23.80 ± 2.4) and a significant decrease was determined after RJ applications compared to the control group. After RJ application, the best total antioxidant response was observed in the 250 mg/kg RJ and Cd + 250 mg/kg RJ groups. Cd significantly reduced telomerase enzyme activity (0.90 ± 0.13). RJ administered for treatment after Cd application increased telomerase levels up to the control level (1.40 ± 0.05). The best treatment response was observed in the Cd + 250 mg/kg RJ group (1.42 ± 0.05).
 Conclusion: Cd causes oxidative stress and that RJ may have curative effects by increasing the antioxidant capacity and telomerase enzyme activity RJ is a promising natural product and can contribute to recovery.

Impact of dorzolamide, benzalkonium-preserved dorzolamide and benzalkonium-preserved brinzolamide on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the tear film

BackgroundLong-term use of topical, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved, antiglaucoma medications can cause a negative impact on the ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) on selected oxidative stress biomarkers in the tear film.MethodsThe patients were divided into four sex-matched groups: group C (n = 25) – control group – subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group DL (n = 14) – patients using preservative-free dorzolamide, group DL + BAC (n = 16) – patients using topical BAC-preserved dorzolamide, group BL + BAC (n = 17) – patients using BAC-preserved brinzolamide. Subjects in all the study groups have been using the eye drops two times daily for 6–12 months. The oxidative stress biomarkers in the tear film samples were measured: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI).ResultsThe advanced oxidation protein products content, Total Oxidant Status as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the group DL + BAC and BL + BAC were higher in comparison with the group C. The total sulfhydryl groups content was lower in the group DL + BAC and BL + BAC when compared to group C. Oxidative Stress Index was higher in the groups DL + BAC and BL + BAC in comparison with the groups DL and C.ConclusionsUse of topical benzalkonium chloride-preserved carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increases oxidative stress in the tear film.

Superiority of modified graphene oxide for enhancing the growth, yield, and antioxidant potential of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under salt stress

Soil salinity is a serious global problem that affects the vegetative growth and photosynthesis rates of plants. Additionally, a high salinity facilitates the accumulation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces an increase in the malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and proline contents, and a decrease in the antioxidant activity of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, reducing the fodder yield. Owing to limited availability of forage crops, extensive efforts have been devoted to studying the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) plant, which is employed as a protein-rich fodder crop in its green and dry forms. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to explore the effect of graphene oxide, methionine, lysine, methionine@graphene oxide, and lysine@graphene oxide on the growth, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigment content, total protein content, oxidative stress, and antioxidant response of the pearl millet plant. Modified graphene oxide (20 mg L−1) was applied two times to the fresh leaves of pearl millet after 30 and 60 days of cultivation. The salt concentrations in the soil and water in the area under consideration were 3.16 d.Sm−1 and 10.29 d.Sm−1, respectively. The treatments induced a significant improvement in plant growth, biomass accumulation, total protein content, photosynthetic pigment content, and yield. Similarly, the generation of ROS was reduced in the plant cells/tissues compared to the case in the plants grown under saline conditions. The foliar application of both graphene oxide and its modified structures enhanced the salinity stress tolerance of pearl millet by modulating its morphological and biophysical traits. This study offers new possibilities for the application of modified materials in agriculture and provides a valuable basis for improving plant tolerance and adaptability to salinity stress.

Vitamin D Supplementation: Oxidative Stress Modulation in a Mouse Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Acute Asthmatic Airway Inflammation.

Asthma oxidative stress disturbances seem to enable supplementary proinflammatory pathways, thus contributing to disease development and severity. The current study analyzed the impact of two types of oral vitamin D (VD) supplementation regimens on the redox balance using a murine model of acute ovalbumin-induced (OVA-induced) asthmatic inflammation. The experimental prevention group received a long-term daily dose of 50 µg/kg (total dose of 1300 µg/kg), whereas the rescue group underwent a short-term daily dose of 100 µg/kg (total dose of 400 µg/kg). The following oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate (LTH): total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde and total thiols. Results showed that VD significantly reduced oxidative forces and increased the antioxidant capacity in the serum and LTH of treated mice. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of VD supplementation. VD also exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in all treated mice, reducing nitric oxide formation in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in the lung. In conclusion, VD supplementation seems to exhibit a protective role in oxidative stress processes related to OVA-induced acute airway inflammation.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of the Vitis vinifera L. var. Fetească Neagră and Pinot Noir Pomace Extracts.

The pathophysiology of inflammation and oxidative stress generated during different types of cancers and anticancer treatments is well documented. Traditionally, grape pomace is used for animal feed, organic fertilizers, ethanol production or is disposed as waste. Because grape pomace is a rich source of antioxidant compounds, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects of fresh and fermented grape pomace extracts of two Vitis vinifera L. varieties Fetească neagră and Pinot noir cultivated in Romania. Firstly, grape pomace phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant tests were performed. Secondly, the effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats was assessed by measuring total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine. Thirdly, the antiproliferative properties were evaluated on human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), murine melanoma (B164A5), and keratinocyte (HaCat) cell lines. Fetească neagră and Pinot noir grape pomace extracts have a rich content of polyphenols and in vitro antioxidant effect. Fermented samples had higher polyphenol content, but fresh samples had better antioxidant activity. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts reduced inflammation-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent way, fresh samples being more efficient. The malignant cells’ proliferation was inhibited by all grape pomace extracts, fermented Fetească neagră extracts having the strongest effect. Conclusion: fresh and fermented pomace extracts of Vitis vinifera L. varieties Fetească neagră and Pinot noir cultivated in a Romanian wine region have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects.

Influence of timolol, benzalkonium-preserved timolol, and benzalkonium-preserved brimonidine on oxidative stress biomarkers in the tear film

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of topical preservative-free timolol, benzalkonium chloride(BAC)-preserved timolol, BAC-preserved timolol, and BAC-preserved brimonidine on total protein concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response, and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) in the tear film. Methods The patients were divided into four groups: group C (n = 25)—control group—subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group T (n = 17)—patients using topical preservative-free timolol, group T + BAC (n = 24)—patients using topical BAC-preserved timolol, and group BR + BAC (n = 19)—patients using topical BAC-preserved brimonidine. Results The SOD, CAT, and GPx activities as well as AOPP, TOS, and OSI were found to be higher in the tear film of patients treated with BAC-preserved topical timolol or brimonidine in comparison with patients treated with preservative-free timolol or patients who did not use antiglaucoma topical medications. Conclusions This indicates that using BAC-preserved topical medications increases oxidative stress in the tear film and may, in the long-term, contribute to the clinical presentation of dry eye disease.

ZnO NPs reveal distinction in toxicity under different spectral lights: An in vitro experiment on Brassica nigra (Linn.) Koch

Abstract Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied for their optimistic and pessimistic influence on plants growth and physiology under different light regimes. To investigate the influence of NPs under different light wavelengths, Brassica nigra (Linn.) Koch plants were grown on ZnO NPs supplemented media under the exposure of five different spectral lights (white, blue, red, yellow and green). ZnO NPs toxicity varied under different spectral lights. Difference in light wavelength significantly altered toxicity level of NPs on shoot root length and weight parameters of B. nigra. Free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant response, and total reducing power potential also considerably varied in shoots and roots when plants were grown in presence of NPs and spectral lights. Concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids also changed in shoots and roots to combat NPs stress. HPLC analysis presented that chlorogenic acid upregulated under NPs influence in red and white light; while quercetin increased under NPs stress in blue light. The study shows that NPs have different toxicity response under different light wavelengths and plant behaves according to environmental conditions to mitigate NPs stress. However, detailed phytochemical and molecular studies are required to explain photodynamic toxicity of NPs.

<i>In Vivo</i> Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i> (L) Del (Balanitaceae) Galls and Leaves

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Balanitaceae), a tropical plant is well known for its widespread uses in Burkina Faso traditional medicine. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of B. aegyptiaca trough the turpentine-induced inflammation. The aqueous acetone extracts of galls and leaves have been used to test the anti-inflammatory effects on adult male Wistar-Bratislava albino rats. Total leukocytes count was performed with an optical microscope (Olympus), using a Burcker-Turk counting-chamber. The nitric oxides synthesis (NOx), the total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant response (TAR) of the serum were measured using a colorimetric assay. The results have showed that all the extracts reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the total leukocytes and total nitrites and nitrates levels in the rats serum. The oxidative stress evaluation showed that the treatment with any dose of B. aegyptiaca gall and leaf extracts was significantly decreased (p<0.0001) the total oxidative status. Moreover, these extracts have been prevented the Turpentine oil induced inflammation by increasing the total antioxidant response. TAR increasing did correlated to TOS decrease by comparison with the inflammation group. In general, an interesting anti-inflammatory effect was found in this study with the greatest activity found in the gall extracts. B. aegyptiaca could then be a potential source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatories.

Improvement Effect of Ficus vasculosa Ethanol Extract on D-galactose-Induced Mice Aging

This study was to investigate antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract from young edible leaves of Ficus vasculosa in vitro and in vivo . Ficus vasculosa ethanol extract (FVEE) showed significantly higher reducing power and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenge activity than vitamin C ( P &lt; 0.05). FVEE also showed an activity to resist the D-galactose-induced aging in mice assessed by serum and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Total serum and tissue oxidative status, total antioxidantresponse, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have been also measured. Pretreatment with FVEE at 200 mg/kg·body weight significantly increased enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in serum and hepatic tissue ( P &lt; 0.05), as well as significantly increased enzyme activity of SOD in kidney ( P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, high concentration of FVEE pretreatment significantly increased the level of GSH in serum, hepatic tissue and kidney ( P &lt; 0.05), meanwhile significantly decreased MDA production in hepatic tissue and kidney ( P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the phytochemical investigation discovered six previously described compounds from FVEE, naringenin (1), vanillic acid (2), 9, 16-dioxo-10, 12, 14-octadeca-trienoic acid (3), 2, 6-dimethoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (4), apigenin (5) and norartocarpetin (6), and all compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among the various compounds found, the rare highly unsaturated fatty acid 9, 16-dioxo-10, 12, 14-octadeca-trienoic acid (3) has been identified, which had been isolated only once before from F. vasculosa. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds showed naringenin (1) to be the most active. According to our research, FVEE present very high antioxidant activity in vitro due to the presence of several compounds known for their antioxidant activity such as flavonoid and phenolic acid. In vivo, the ethanol extract had improvement effects against D-galactose-induced aging by reducing oxidative stress.

Spinal Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage Mediate Chronic Pain in Lame Dairy Cows.

Simple SummaryChronic inflammatory diseases could impact central nervous system homeostasis, being oxidative damage of the dorsal horn, a relevant mechanism mediating central sensitization. Chronic inflammatory lameness in dairy cows is a painful condition that affects animal welfare, affecting dairy production worldwide. This study reveals increased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and carbonyl groups, indicating lipid and protein damage in the spinal cord of cows with chronic lameness. Moreover, antioxidant system activity was similar between lame and non-lame cows which suggests that antioxidant dysregulation was not the cause of oxidative damage, as has been proposed previously. Based on the fact that nociceptive pathways are strongly conserved between species, there is no reason to neglect that chronic pain in cows promotes Central Nervous System (CNS) alterations, such as oxidative damage. Moreover, lame cows develop central sensitization, as allodynia and hyperalgesia are centrally and not peripherally mediated. Our results support the current assumption that chronic pain is a central nervous system disease and lameness in dairy cows is far beyond an inflammation of the hoof.Lameness in dairy cows is a worldwide prevalent disease with a negative impact on animal welfare and herd economy. Oxidative damage and antioxidant system dysfunction are common features of many CNS diseases, including chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage markers in the spinal cord of dairy cows with chronic inflammatory lameness. Locomotion score was performed in order to select cows with chronic lameness. Dorsal horn spinal cord samples were obtained post mortem from lumbar segments (L2–L5), and ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl groups were measured along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant response (TAR). Lame cows had increased levels of ROS, MDA, and carbonyl groups, while no differences were observed between lame and non-lame cows in SOD, GPx, CAT, and TAR activity. We conclude that painful chronic inflammatory lameness in dairy cows is associated with an increase in ROS, MDA, and carbonyl groups. Nonetheless, an association between ROS generation and dysfunction of the antioxidant system, as previously proposed, could not be established.

Effect of Topical Prostaglandin F2α Analogs on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Tear Film.

Background and Objectives: Topically administered antiglaucoma medications, especially those containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), may cause local adverse effects and compromise ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs): preservative-free latanoprost, BAC-preserved latanoprost, preservative-free tafluprost, and BAC-preserved bimatoprost, on selected oxidative stress parameters in the tear film. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into five groups: group C (n = 25) control group—subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group L (n = 22)—patients using topical preservative-free latanoprost, group L+BAC (n = 25)—patients using topical BAC-preserved latanoprost, group T (n = 19)—patients using topical preservative-free tafluprost, and group B+BAC (n = 17)—patients using topical BAC-preserved bimatoprost. The oxidative stress markers in the tear film samples were evaluated: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Results: The TP concentrations in the groups L, L+BAC, and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher in comparison with group C. The SOD and CAT activities in the groups L+BAC and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher when compared to group C. As compared to group C, AOPP and TOS were statistically significantly higher in all the study groups. OSI was found to be statistically significantly higher in the groups L+BAC, T, and B+BAC in comparison with group C. Conclusion: Use of topical PGAs by the patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased oxidative stress in the tear film which is additionally exacerbated by the presence of BAC in the formulation.

Comparison of DNA Damage and Homocysteine Content in Blood of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients and Control Subjects in Punjab, Pakistan

Background: Thyroid cancers are common endocrine tumors with diverse medical and histological structures. During development/progression from normal to neoplastic cell, there is a gradual increase in the function/activity of proto-oncogenes, transcription factors and metastasis elements. The main objective of this study is to evaluate per-oxidation of lipid content, total oxidative stress, and the profile of homocysteine (and DNA damage) in the erythrocytes of thyroid carcinoma patients as compared with those of control subjects.&#x0D; Methods: All risk variables and biochemical analyses were quantitatively determined using standard methods.&#x0D; Results: A noteworthy increase in malondialdehyde, globulin, and DNA damage in thyroid carcinoma patients were repeatedly observed. In contrast, healthy individuals showed an increased level of HDL-C and total anti-oxidant response.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is suggested that these parameters have a pivotal role in the diagnostic process of determining thyroid carcinoma patients. Oxidized products of macromolecules in the blood of such patients impart major function in causing thyroid carcinoma disease.

Chemerin, Inflammatory, and Nitrooxidative Stress Marker Changes Six Months after Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Background Chemerin is a chemokine known to be increased in morbidly obese (MO) patients and correlated with markers of inflammation and nitrooxidative stress. We aimed to evaluate the changes of serum chemerin six months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and to asses if these changes are accompanied by variations of inflammatory and nitrooxidative stress markers. Material and Methods We investigated the levels of chemerin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitrite and nitrate (NOx), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant response (TAR), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in a group of 24 MO patients submitted to SG before and six months after surgery. The MO group was compared with 20 controls. Results hsCRP (p < 0.001), NOx (p < 0.001), TOS (p < 0.001), TAR (p = 0.007), and OSI (p = 0.001) were significantly different between the two groups. Six months after surgery, we noticed significant changes (42.28% decrease) of hsCRP (p = 0.044) and OSI (p = 0.041) (31.81% decrease), while no significant changes were observed for chemerin (p = 0.605), TNF-α (p = 0.287), NOx (p = 0.137), TOS (p = 0.158), and TAR (p = 0.563). Conclusions Our study showed no significant changes of chemerin, and except for hsCRP and OSI, no other inflammatory and nitrooxidative stress markers changed six months after surgery.

Polyphenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Cardioprotective Effects of Pomace Extracts from Fetească Neagră Cultivar.

Grape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of fresh and fermented pomace extracts obtained from Vitis vinifera L. red variety Fetească neagră grown in Romania in 2015 were investigated. Grape pomace extracts total phenolic index, total tannins, total anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, stilbenes, and DPPH free radical scavenger were measured. The effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion in rats was assessed by ECG monitoring, serum levels of creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Total serum oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, and nitric oxide have been also assessed. Higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in fermented pomace extracts when compared to fresh pomace extracts. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts significantly improved cardiac and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, Fetească neagră pomace extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity due to an important phenolic content. In vivo, the extracts had cardioprotective effects against isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion by reducing oxidative stress, fresh pomace extracts having a better effect.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ОКСИДАТИВНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ МИКРОЧАСТИЦ АТМОСФЕРНЫХ ВЗВЕСЕЙ У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ Г. ВЛАДИВОСТОКА

We studied the response of trigger systems in healthy volunteers living in areas with different levels of air pollution. We determined that particles with the size of 800 microns and higher of relatively favorable region, particles with the size of less than 50 microns dominated in the air of the unfavorable area, among which there were the most hazardous to health amounts of microparticles - from 200 to 300 nm. Microparticles of unfavorable area causes the development of oxidative modifications of proteins and DNA contributing to the change of leukocyte potential energy. The increase in total antioxidant activity and response of thiol-disulfide system (the increase in thioredoxin, glutathione with a stable reductase level] maintains a balance of oxidation and antioxidant processes contributing to protection of the cellular and subcellular structures against considerable oxidative damage.

Disulfide stress in carbon monoxide poisoning

ObjectivesCarbon monoxide (CO) remains the most common cause of lethal poisoning around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the homeostasis between thiol-disulfide couples and to evaluate oxidative status comprehensively in acute CO poisoning, using new parameters along with other well-known oxidant-antioxidant molecules. Design and methodsThis case study consisted of 43 subjects who were diagnosed with carbon monoxide poisoning and 35 healthy individuals who were used as controls. Thiol-disulfide paired tests were examined in both groups using the method developed recently. ResultsPatients with CO poisoning had significantly higher levels of serum disulfide than the control patients (20.7±5.03 versus 16.43±3.97, p=0.001). Native thiol and total thiol levels were lower in the CO patient group than in the control group (p<0.001, for each variable). The disulfide/native thiol ratios and disulfide/total thiol ratios were significantly higher, while native thiol/total thiol ratios were significantly lower, in patients with acute CO poisoning than in the healthy controls (p<0.001, for all ratios). The disulfide/native ratios were negatively correlated with both total antioxidant response and paraoxonase and arylesterase values and were positively correlated with total oxidant status and ceruloplasmin values (p<0.05, for all correlations). ConclusionsExcessive disulfide levels and their related ratios were found in CO poisoning patients. In particular, the disulfide/native thiol ratio was identified as an indicator for overall oxidative status. Among CO poisoning patients, the thiol-disulfide balance was found to be impaired. Therefore, the disruption of thiol-disulfide homeostasis might be involved in CO toxicity.

Fractal analysis of ibuprofen effect on experimental dog peri-implantitis.

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the fractal analysis of gingival changes and systemic nitro-oxidative stress in a short-term low-dose ibuprofen (IBU) treatment at experimental peri-implantitis (PI). Six adult male mixed-breed dogs with PI were randomly treated for 2 weeks, 3 with IBU (5 mg/kg b.w.) and 3 with placebo. Clinical and radiological evaluation were performed. Gingival biopsies were assessed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fractal analysis. Blood was collected to assay nitric oxide (NOx), total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant response (TAR), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Specific gingival ultrastructural alterations, bone loss, and systemic nitro-oxidative stress were evident in PI-placebo animals. IBU caused significant clinical, microscopic, fractal dimensions (P < 0.01), NOx, TOS, and OSI improvements. IBU caused no important bone and TAR changes. This study confirms that fractal analysis was a good method to assess the complex morphological changes and correlations with the nitro-oxidative stress in PI. Short-term low-dose IBU treatment consistently improved gingival status and reduced systemic nitro-oxidative stress.