Abstract
Background and Objectives: Topically administered antiglaucoma medications, especially those containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), may cause local adverse effects and compromise ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs): preservative-free latanoprost, BAC-preserved latanoprost, preservative-free tafluprost, and BAC-preserved bimatoprost, on selected oxidative stress parameters in the tear film. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into five groups: group C (n = 25) control group—subjects who did not use topical antiglaucoma medications, group L (n = 22)—patients using topical preservative-free latanoprost, group L+BAC (n = 25)—patients using topical BAC-preserved latanoprost, group T (n = 19)—patients using topical preservative-free tafluprost, and group B+BAC (n = 17)—patients using topical BAC-preserved bimatoprost. The oxidative stress markers in the tear film samples were evaluated: total protein (TP) concentration, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) content, total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Response (TAR), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Results: The TP concentrations in the groups L, L+BAC, and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher in comparison with group C. The SOD and CAT activities in the groups L+BAC and B+BAC were statistically significantly higher when compared to group C. As compared to group C, AOPP and TOS were statistically significantly higher in all the study groups. OSI was found to be statistically significantly higher in the groups L+BAC, T, and B+BAC in comparison with group C. Conclusion: Use of topical PGAs by the patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased oxidative stress in the tear film which is additionally exacerbated by the presence of BAC in the formulation.
Highlights
Glaucoma is a disorder of the optic nerve characterized by accelerated apoptosis of the ganglion cells and nerve fibers leading to the gradual loss of visual field
Use of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs) by the patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased oxidative stress in the tear film which is exacerbated by the presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in the formulation
Concentration was higher when compared with group C, whereas it was lower in comparison with group of patients using topical preservative-free latanoprost (group L)
Summary
Glaucoma is a disorder of the optic nerve characterized by accelerated apoptosis of the ganglion cells and nerve fibers leading to the gradual loss of visual field. Most of the patients are treated by topical IOP-lowering medications. If effective, these drugs are usually recommended indefinitely, and the majority of patients remain under lifelong medical therapy. According to the European Glaucoma Society (EGS), the goal of the treatment is to maintain the patient’s visual function and related quality of life, at a sustainable cost. Especially those containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), may cause local adverse effects and compromise ocular surface. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs (PGAs): preservative-free latanoprost, BAC-preserved latanoprost, preservative-free tafluprost, and BAC-preserved bimatoprost, on selected oxidative stress parameters in the tear film.
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