Improvement Effect of Ficus vasculosa Ethanol Extract on D-galactose-Induced Mice Aging

Abstract

This study was to investigate antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract from young edible leaves of Ficus vasculosa in vitro and in vivo . Ficus vasculosa ethanol extract (FVEE) showed significantly higher reducing power and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenge activity than vitamin C ( P < 0.05). FVEE also showed an activity to resist the D-galactose-induced aging in mice assessed by serum and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Total serum and tissue oxidative status, total antioxidantresponse, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have been also measured. Pretreatment with FVEE at 200 mg/kg·body weight significantly increased enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in serum and hepatic tissue ( P < 0.05), as well as significantly increased enzyme activity of SOD in kidney ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, high concentration of FVEE pretreatment significantly increased the level of GSH in serum, hepatic tissue and kidney ( P < 0.05), meanwhile significantly decreased MDA production in hepatic tissue and kidney ( P < 0.05). In addition, the phytochemical investigation discovered six previously described compounds from FVEE, naringenin (1), vanillic acid (2), 9, 16-dioxo-10, 12, 14-octadeca-trienoic acid (3), 2, 6-dimethoxy-1, 4-benzoquinone (4), apigenin (5) and norartocarpetin (6), and all compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among the various compounds found, the rare highly unsaturated fatty acid 9, 16-dioxo-10, 12, 14-octadeca-trienoic acid (3) has been identified, which had been isolated only once before from F. vasculosa. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of isolated compounds showed naringenin (1) to be the most active. According to our research, FVEE present very high antioxidant activity in vitro due to the presence of several compounds known for their antioxidant activity such as flavonoid and phenolic acid. In vivo, the ethanol extract had improvement effects against D-galactose-induced aging by reducing oxidative stress.