Polyphenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, and Cardioprotective Effects of Pomace Extracts from Fetească Neagră Cultivar.

Ştefania Silvia Balea,Fernando Zamora Marín,Nastasia Pop,Marcel Pârvu,Alina Elena Pârvu

doi:10.1155/2018/8194721

Abstract

Grape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of fresh and fermented pomace extracts obtained from Vitis vinifera L. red variety Fetească neagră grown in Romania in 2015 were investigated. Grape pomace extracts total phenolic index, total tannins, total anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, stilbenes, and DPPH free radical scavenger were measured. The effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion in rats was assessed by ECG monitoring, serum levels of creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Total serum oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, and nitric oxide have been also assessed. Higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in fermented pomace extracts when compared to fresh pomace extracts. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts significantly improved cardiac and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, Fetească neagră pomace extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity due to an important phenolic content. In vivo, the extracts had cardioprotective effects against isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion by reducing oxidative stress, fresh pomace extracts having a better effect.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death worldwide
In the case of the polyphenolic compounds, it has been found that they have antioxidant properties but they may act as prooxidants because they may induce free radical production [13]. Another opinion is that the prooxidant effect of grape pomace extract might be beneficial because it triggers the preconditioning mechanisms [14]. Considering all these previous findings, in this paper, we present the results of performing a phytochemical analysis and investigation of the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of GP obtained from Vitis vinifera L. red variety Fetească neagră (FN) grown in Romania
tannin concentration (TC) in GP ranged from 63.15 ± 7.12 mg epicatechin/g d.w. in Fetească neagră fresh GP extract (FNFs) to 113.98 ± 4.39 mg epicatechin/g d.w. in FnFr, the difference being very significant (p < 0 001)

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death worldwide. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is well documented [1]. In cardiovascular pathophysiology, oxidative stress became a promising disease biomarker [1] and an important therapeutic target [2]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen reactive species (RNS) have been suggested to increase oxidative stress and to cause diseases such as heart attack, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer [3]. ROS include the superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and the hydroxyl radical. They cause mitochondrial depolarization and activate a positive feedback loop of ROS-induced ROS release [4].

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Conclusion