Terminological Dictionaries Research Articles

Типологическое описание медицинских словарей монголоязычных авторов из тибетских фондов ЦВРК ИМБТ СО РАН и ИВР РАН

The paper offers an analysis and a classification of lexicographic works on Tibetan medicine compiled by Mongolian and Buryat authors in the 18-20th centuries. The analysis of main topics of these works and of their terminology allow us to distinguish three types of dictionaries: (1) specialized mngon brjod dictionaries of synonyms of Tibetan materia medica compiled for their correct identification; (2) bilingual and monolingual bsdus ming glossaries that contain explanations of words and concepts of the rgyud bzhi and commentaries; and (3) general and terminological brda yig dictionaries with medical lexicons. Particular attention is paid to distinctive features of these dictionaries. The study reveals that words in all thesauruses compiled by Mongolian authors and in the terminological dictionary dag yig mkhas pa’i ‘byung gnas (18th century) are arranged by thematic groups. The words in all bsdus ming glossaries are limited to the lexis used in one particular treatise and arranged in order in which they occur in the text. All lexicographical works compiled by Buryat authors (dictionaries of Tuguldurov, Sumatiratna, and Choidak) were organized according to Tibetan alphabetical order. In the rgyud bzhi bsdus ming and in the dictionary of Ishdorji all Mongolian equivalents are given in Tibetan letters. The study shows that dividing dictionaries of Mongolian authors in three groups (in accordance with their topic, basic terms, basic principles of compiling dictionaries of a certain genre) allows us to trace the continuity of the Indo-Tibetan lexicographic tradition in Mongolia and Buryatia, and also to demonstrate significant contribution of the Buryat scientists to the development of Tibet lexicography (concerning alphabetical principle of dictionaries compilation).

THE UNIVERSAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY ARTICLE AS A STEP TOWARDS FORMALIZING THE LEXICOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY

This article studies the formalized lexicographic description of the archaeological terminology and aims to develop its basis — the universal dictionary entry structure. The authors prove the need for the unified description of an archaeological term in dictionaries and terminological databases. The comparative analysis of the dictionary entry structures of contemporary archaeological dictionaries and term databases has shown that the unified principles for the formalized description of an archaeological object have not yet been developed. Thus, the archaeological dictionaries, as well as the term databases, do not have the unified structure of the dictionary entry. This paper describes the systematic development of the universal structure of the dictionary entry for the archaeological term. The source of the term material was the most complete contemporary terminological dictionary — “The Dictionary of Archaeological Ceramics” by Yu. G. Kokorina (2017). As a result of the logical-conceptual and definitional analysis of the archaeological term descriptions, the authors have proposed 15 linguistic and conceptual parameters: etymology, synonyms, pragmatic parameter, shape, function, constructive parameter, obligatory structural elements, metric parameter, degree of the metric parameter manifestation, proportions, quantitative parameter, cultural-geographical parameter, and construction material. The universal character of these parameters is supposed to ensure the development of the formalized dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term. The proposed all inclusive dictionary entry structure of the archaeological term can become the foundation for the formalized lexicographic description of archaeological terminology both in dictionaries and in automated databases.

Termin anlayışı və terminlərin təsnifi

Terms which play an important role in linguistics are words that have a special function. The scope of development of terms related to various fields of science is limited. The development of the terminological lexicon of the language is due to internal opportunities and acquisitions. Acquisition of terms is a complex process and is classified from different perspectives. When terms are transferred from one language to another, they either remain the same or follow certain phonetic, grammatical and morphological rules of the spoken language. Although the source of terms in the Azerbaijani literary language used to be Arabic, Persian, and Russian, in recent years, terms of European origin have dominated the enrichment of the language.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ БІОЛОГІЇ В СИСТЕМІ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ

Obtaining high-quality higher education involves the perfect possession of the conceptual field of the chosen specialty, in particular, the terminology of specialty. Among the qualities that need to be formed in the future biology teacher, ones distinguish terminological competence. However, quite often, students and teachers underestimate the importance of this component of professional competence. The goals of this paper are the identification of the specifics compilation and use of the terminology dictionary as one of the means for shaping the terminological competence of the future teacher and outline the structure of the terminology dictionary from the disciplines of professional orientation on example course “Botany with the basics of geobotany”. It is revealed the mastering of professional terms by the future teacher of biology provides the appropriate culture of professional communication. Terminological competence is considered as a component of professional competence and is defined as the ability of a specialist to use special terms in the process of scientific and professional activity. The structure of the terminology dictionary from the discipline “Botany with the basics of geobotany” is outlined; it has a block structure and built on the thematic principle. The system of tasks is given, namely: working out the literature on the specialty, the allocation of the basic and the formulation of the summary pithy characteristic of certain concepts (terms), their fixation, the design a system for the obviousness of terminology (illustration, diagram, chart, intelligence card, infographics, etc.). It is substantiated the formation of terminological competence of future biology teachers is facilitated by special vocabulary work on the assimilation of the etymology of botanical terms, the discovery of their origin from Latin terms, meaningful comparison and intuitive prediction of the content of lexemes. The creation by the future biology teachers the terminology dictionary contributes to improving the quality of their vocational preparation, the shaping of a stable meaningful terminology system, and provides a stable professional motivation. Keywords: term; terminology dictionary; terminological competence; vocational preparation of the future biology teacher.

Rozwój polskiej terminologii toponomastycznej

Przedmiotem artykułu jest prezentacja ewolucji polskiej terminologii toponomastycznej — terminów i pojęć związanych z badaniem nazw geograficznych. Materiał dokumentujący rozwój terminów pochodzi z wybranych, znaczących opracowań i artykułów dotyczących toponimii opublikowanych po II wojnie światowej. Zaprezentowane zostały tendencje rozwojowe, zasób terminów toponomastycznych oraz ich wstępny układ hierarchiczno-tematyczny. Przedstawione analizy wykazały, że współczesna terminologia toponomastyczna jest dość stabilna i nie jest nadmiernie rozbudowana. Terminy i pojęcia powstałe w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach upowszechniły się, a operatywność nowo tworzonych, ale także tych uznanych, podlega ciągłej weryfikacji w komunikacji naukowej. Powyższe rozważania stanowią kolejny głos w dyskusji nad powstaniem elektronicznego słownika polskiej terminologii onomastycznej.

Jeszcze o potrzebie ujednolicenia terminologii onomastycznej

<p>Celem artykułu jest propozycja przygotowania wykazu terminów polskiej onomastyki, który opublikowany będzie on-line. Nawiązuje się tu do wielu prac zwracających uwagę na konieczność uporządkowania i ujednolicenia polskiej terminologii onomastycznej. Przedstawia się dotychczasowe pomysły rozwiązania tej ważnej kwestii, np. założenia słownika terminologii onomastycznej Zofii Abramowicz i Leonardy Dacewicz. Opierając się na istniejących wykazach terminologii onomastycznej (polskiej, słowiańskiej, europejskiej), Sekcja Onomastyczna Komitetu Językoznawstwa PAN postanowiła przystąpić (na bazie składanych najpierw do KBN a potem NCN wniosków grantowych wedle pomysłu prof. Roberta Mrózka) do przygotowania uporządkowanego (i w miarę możliwości ujednoliconego) wykazu terminów używanych w nauce o nazwach własnych. Punktem wyjścia jest opracowanie zbioru maksimum terminów w obrębie poszczególnych subdyscyplin onomastyki, z którego wyodrębnione zostaną hasła do wykazu, a następnie zdefiniowane, opatrzone cytatami z opracowań onomastycznych poświadczającymi ich użycie oraz może zaleceniami użycia bądź nie. Ideałem byłoby uporządkowanie ich tak, by tworzyły spójny obraz: od terminów najogólniejszych ku szczegółowym. Takie działanie, również we współpracy z przedstawicielami dziedzin posługujących się terminologią onomastyczną (historykami, geografami, kartografami), przyczyni się w efekcie do uporządkowania polskiej, słowiańskiej i międzynarodowej terminologii.</p>

Polska terminologia antroponomastyczna – ku systematyzacji i normalizacji

<p>Celem artykułu jest kontynuacja dyskusji nad kwestiami związanymi z terminologią onomastyczną, koniecznością jej harmonizacji i normalizacji (pojęcie → termin). Wskazany został przybliżony zasób terminów antroponomastycznych oraz wstępna koncepcja słownikowego opracowania terminów w ramach projektu „Polska terminologia onomastyczna”. Na wybranych przykładach pokazano w kontekście dotychczasowej tradycji i praktyki badawczej synonimię, wariantywność jednostek terminologicznych, współwystępowanie form rodzimych i obcych (zwykle adaptowanych greckich lub łacińskich), racjonalność nowych terminów, dublety z liczbą gramatyczną. Zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę wskazania w planowanym słowniku terminologicznym terminów preferowanych, dopuszczalnych i niezalecanych, ograniczenia wariantów, uzasadnienia nowych terminów potrzebą użycia.</p><p> </p>

CREATING ELECTRONIC RESOURCE ETHNO-LINGUISTIC MATERIALS OF THE TATAR LANGUAGE

We analyze the steps of electronic dictionary creation, built on the basis of ethnolinguistic expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and Art Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials were collecting in respect of ethno-cultural archaic dialect zones of Siberia, the Urals region, the Middle and Lower Volga region, densely inhabited by Tatar population. It contains the terminology (ethno-linguistic) dictionary with large amounts of live examples of the Tatar speech, collected in the expeditions. In addition, the created dictionary is associated with the electronic atlas maps of the Tatar folk dialects

AUTOMATIC DISTRIBUTIVE-STATISTIC ANALYSIS AS SYSTEM TEXT PROCESSING

The article is devoted to the to the description of the automatic distributive-statistic analysis, distinction in distributive and statistical approaches for the analysis of terminological lexicon, an opportunity of application of the method for automatic text processing, formation of thesauruses and possibility to use it for the identification text genre in the corpse of technical texts.

Interactive system of terminological dictionaries as one of the elements in the ontology of scientific knowledge

Interactive system of terminological dictionaries as one of the elements in the ontology of scientific knowledge

DICIONÁRIO TERMINOLÓGICO BILÍNGUE DE CONTRATOS DE LOCAÇÃO DE IMÓVEIS: ELABORAÇÃO DE MICROESTRUTURA VOLTADA AOS TRADUTORES

RESUMO 1

Slovenian Legal Terminology and Its Presentation in the Dictionary of Legal Terminology

The article discusses Slovenian legal terminology. It first describes it from the perspective of its historical development and then focuses on the presentation of the Slovenian legal concept system in Pravni terminološki slovar (Dictionary of Legal Terminology, 2018), which contains Slovenian legal terminology after 1991. The article presents the design of the dictionary, which takes into account the dictionary user and normativity, as well as the entry structure.

ORGANIZATION OF STUDENTS’ RESEARCH WORK IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The article considers the peculiarities of the organization of students’ research work in a technical university in foreign language classes with a gradual transition from simple forms of research to more complex ones, which is aimed at the harmonious development and improvement future specialists’ skills and abilities. The purpose of this article is to identify the main problems of the organization of students’ research work in a foreign language and consider ways of improving this process. Special attention is paid to the tasks, functions, components and various forms of students' research work. The researcher describes the possibility of using assignments for research work and organizing their performing by students in a foreign language class, in particular, such tasks as writing a summary of the text proposed by the teacher, corresponding to the student’s specialization, drawing up a plan for it, drawing up terminological dictionaries, preparing reports on a given topic, writing creative works, essays, drawing up tables and diagrams, solving problematic issues related to the future profession of a student, writing abstracts, preparing the presentation of study' results. The involvement students in the work of scientific conferences, seminars, competitions, contests, and meetings with leading foreign experts are encouraged. The defense of master's and diploma projects in a foreign language prepares the student for the exercise of profession and integration into a foreign language environment. The examples of the most common mistakes made in the preparation of research works, which indicate the lack of students’ research skills formation are given, and ways to overcome them are recommended. The conclusions are related and future works are suggested. Thus, it also possible to create an education plans of student’ research work in foreign language and recommendations for the specific academic curriculum.

TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY ON FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, SOIL MECHANICS AND SOIL SCIENCE

Terminological dictionary on foundation engineering, soil mechanics and soil science.

Lexical problems of genetic and breeding terminology in agricultural science and education

Aim. The need to improve the genetic and breeding terminology, in particular its lexicographic components as well as the necessity to more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing were causes our research. Methods. In the process of preparation of materials of terminological dictionaries, textbooks and manuals, as well as scientific works on general genetics and plant breeding published in various years were analyzed and colligated. The peculiarities of the certain terms use were investigated by methods of theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature, in consideration of the methodical aspects of component analysis. Results. The phenomenon of different terms using for the definition of the same concepts, confuse definitions and spelling errors of a number of terms and incorrect synonymy, Russism and other common mistakes occur found in Ukrainian scientific, methodological and educational publications are analyzed. The negative consequences of an incorrect translation of thesis summaries and scientific articles abstracts into English are noted. Conclusions. The linguistic and terminological expertise must be carried out in order to unify of the genetic and breeding terminology and more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing. The efforts of geneticists, breeders and linguists should combine for preparing modern Academy explaining dictionary.
 Keywords: backcross, dihaploid, nutrient medium, reciprocal crosses, inbreeding, progeny.

ПРОФЕСІЙНІ ЗДОБУТКИ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДІАСПОРИ У ТВОРЕННІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

The article analyzes the professional achievements of the Ukrainian diaspora in the creation of national terminology. Recognizing the importance of responsibility, based on national principles of terminology and lexicography, scholars of the Ukrainian diaspora actively work on the creation of new textbooks and terminology dictionaries in various fields of knowledge with wide use of Ukrainian phraseology.Based on the primary sources, periodicals of the states of the potential settlement of the Ukrainian immigrants, the memoirs and scientific explorations of scientists of Ukraine, Ukrainian abroad, the unfolding of the Ukrainian lexicographic tradition in the Ukrainian diaspora has been traced. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of the European experience in the professional training of future specialists and the improvement of professional skills of specialists.The educational and educational context of the functioning of the Ukrainian diaspora, in particular the publication of professional reference literature, the popularization of scientific knowledge in the environment of Ukrainian emigration as a component of the resistance to Russification policy in the USSR. The important aspect of using their stay in emigration by Ukrainians as an opportunity to advance Ukrainian national interests was emphasized. The role of prominent representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in spreading and preserving the Ukrainian language and national culture has been clarified.

CRIME IN THE EYES OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND CRIMINOLOGY

Crime is a modern legal term and its nature is different and distinct from religious or judicial sins. Throughout the lexicon and dictionary of the legal terminology and criminology, in terms of the meaning, there is no lexis or word more complicated than of the term crime or misdemeanor. In the law literature and world the comprehensive term of "crime" is used and punishment is foreseen for its executive enforcement. When a verdict wants to acquire its sovereignty or religious (canonical) nature, that decree or verdict must go along its stages from the initial to the end. These steps involve fabrication (creation) and announcement and verification and implementation (execution). When a verdict implies as a governmental rule, as well as the religious rules, the four above steps are passed, and till these stages are completed, the attributing of verdict to its source will be permissible. In the religious or judicial term, crime is the act (conduct) or the abandonment (omission) of the act (promise or omission of promise) that Islam considered obligatory or forbidden to commit or abandon it which a mundane or heavenly punishment has been imposed. In other words, crime is an opposition or objection to the orders and desecration of a book and a tradition, or committing act that leads to the corruption of an individual or society. In jurisprudence, without implying the term "crime", definitions of acts which are deserve by ta'zir (flogging, discretionary punishment) and punishment. It is mentioned that committing deadly sins and insisting on minor sin is deserved to discretionary punishment awarded by judge; in other texts, it is stated: The committing of prohibited acts and the leaving obligatory measures, which is not specified in the canon law, requires discretionary punishment awarded by judge. Accordingly, in jurisprudence the crimes are related to physical or corporal integrity which are often referred to as "crimes (felonies)" and involve retaliation or Blood money (diya), or they are crimes which their punishment are determined by canon law of Islam, and referred to as "Islamic prescribed punishment (provisions, ambit)", otherwise they will be titled " discretionary punishment awarded by judge ".

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE REVIEWS ON UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY DICTIONARIES OF THE LATE XXth AND THE EARLY XXIst CENTURIES

The aim of the research is to determine the theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on natural sciences terminology dictionaries. The object of the research is a system of parametric measurements of terminology dictionaries, the subject is critical remarks on the structural parameters representation of terminology dictionaries. The research material is the texts of the reviews published during the late XXth and the early XXIst centuries. Тhe following methods were used: lexicographic analysis of the dictionary parameters, the quantitative analysis and the comparative one. As a result of the research, it is determined that throughout the analyzed period the experts focus on definition and translation dictionaries as well as reference dictionaries. Most remarks are made to the dictionaries of the early XXIst century. The potential importance of practical application of the results is to improve the theoretical and methodological principles and means of terminology dictionaries creation, as well as their use to develop new (combined) type that comprehensively represent the vocabulary of a particular branch of science. Conclusions: 1) the critical comments on professional definition dictionaries relate to such of their parameters as: ‘introduction / preface’, ‘encyclopedia information’, ‘dictionary register’, ‘definition’, ‘list of references’; 2) translation definition dictionaries have quantitative drawbacks regarding the representation of such structural parameters: ‘dictionary register’, ‘translation area’, ‘definition’; 3) to the parameters of reference dictionaries the following critical comments are made: to replace the title loan term by the normative term; to add the ‘accent characteristic’ parameter; to match the title terms with their definitions etc. Theoretical and practical significance of the reviews on terminology dictionaries gives the possibility to systematize the drawbacks revealed by critics in the representation of structural parameters of such publications, for the purpose to improve the fundamental theoretical and methodological foundations of metaterminography and the practical realization of high-quality works.

SEMANTIC SYNONYMY AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TERMINOLOGICAL VOCABULARY

Purpose of research is to analyze the semantic features of terminological nominations in Ukrainian architectural terminology. Object of research is Ukrainian terminological vocabulary of architecture. Subject of research is the semantic differences between the terminological lexemes of the architectural field of activity. Material of research is vocabulary articles of explanatory and terminological dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms. The paper applies descriptive, comparative and structural methods. Practical value – codification of modern Ukrainian terminology of architecture. Results of research: 1) certain semantic differences of the studied architectural lexemes that function in this system of terms are highlighted; 2) at each historical stage of development of the terminological system of architecture it is important to single out new characteristic changes in the semantics of terms and in the structure of terminological nominations that organize it; 3) terminological dictionaries on architecture, published in different historical periods, differently reflect the innovative changes in the architectural fund; 4) dictionaries of synonyms do not always give the necessary explanations with the designation of the semantic features in the frame of a specific terminological unit; 5) expansion of the conceptual field of the terms in architecture occurs constantly, which indicates stable active processes within it; 6) architectural terminological nominations require codification in dictionaries, reference books, state standardized documents.

К проблеме лексикографической параметризации терминологии исторической лексикологии восточнославянских языков

За триста лет изучения и лексикографической параметризации лексической системы восточнославянских языков сформировался корпус отраслевой терминологии исторической лексикологии и смежных с ней дисциплин (синхронной лексикологии, семасиологии, этимологии, диалектологии, исторической фонетики и грамматики близкородственных языков), который до настоящего времени не нашёл отражения в терминологическом словаре.
 Статья знакомит со сформированным корпусом терминов (1307 единиц) исторической лексикологии и намечает пути отражения его в отраслевом терминологическом словаре алфавитно-гнездового типа, составление которого основано на использовании системы лингвистических методов и методик: методики сплошной выборки терминов и терминологических обозначений из лингвистических словарей, справочников, энциклопедий и научной литературы; методики формирования корпуса отраслевой терминологии исторической лексикологии восточнославянских языков; метода семантического анализа содержания термина и тематического анализа терминологического корпуса; методики разработки терминологических дефиниций.
 Словарь будет состоять из двух частей: первая – словарь алфавитно-гнездового типа, вторая – тематический список терминов, объединённых перекрёстными ссылками. Корпус терминов распределяется на 10 тематических групп: теория исторической лексикологии, славянские языки, история восточнославянских языков, этимология, лексикология, семасиология, словообразование, морфология, диалектология, лексикография.
 Словарная статья первой части будет включать зоны: 1) заглавное слово или терминологическое сочетание с постановкой ударения и вариантными (синонимичными) терминами, если таковые имеются; 2) необходимые грамматические и//или функциональные пометы; 3) краткая этимология термина; 4) дериваты, имеющие отношение к терминологии исторической лексикологии, с описанием их семантики; 5) дефиниция (со ссылкой на ранее изданный словарь, если она разработана не автором данного словаря); 6) языковые иллюстрации, демонстрирующие явление, поименованное данным термином; 7) ссылка на вторую часть словаря, т.е. указание на тематическую группу, к которой относится термин. В качестве образцов в статье приведены две экспериментальные словарные статьи «Ахрония//панхрония» и «Корень (слова)».