Triene Conjugates Research Articles

Аналіз ефективності інсуфляції кисню, субстанції “кд-234” і реамберину на процеси вільнорадикального окиснення при гострому респіраторному дистрес-синдромі в щурів

Introduction. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the development of oxidative stress in case of experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which was characterized by a statistically significant increasing of active product soft hiobarbituric acid, dienic and triene conjugates concentration in liver tissues, decreasing of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and the content of SH-groups in animals with different resistance to hypoxia.The aim of the study – to compare the effectiveness of the combination of oxygen insufflation, the substance "KD-234" and reamberin on oxidative stress level in rats with associated chest and both hip injuries.Research Methods. Experimental studies were performed on 92 white nonlinear adult male rats aged 6–8 months. The animals were selected according to their individual resistance to hypoxia. Resistance of rats to acute hypoxia was carried out according to the method of V. Ya. Berezovskyi. Depending on the resistance to hypoxia, all animals were divided into medium-resistant (MRH) and low-resistant (LRH). We used G. Mutute-Bello experimental model. In the second test group for the correction we used the substance "KD-234", which was diluted in distilled water for injections and injected intragastric through a probe at a dose of 50 mg / kg, in the third study group – reamberin, at a dose of 10 ml / kg was intraperitoneally administered to animals one hour before the ARDS simulation.Results and Discussion. The combination of oxygen insufflation with "KD-234" or reamberin had a significant positive effect on lipid peroxidation compared to oxygen insufflation, but the results were higher from the control level in animals with different resistance to hypoxia. The combined using of oxygen insufflation and "KD-234" substance in the experimental ARDS has a similar effect on the enzyme link of antioxidant protection, as in the case of oxygen insufflation, but it significantly increases the antioxidant-prooxidant index in the liver tissues, which is almost returns to the level of control in the groups of MRH- and LRH-animals.Conclusion. In acute respiratory distress syndrome, the combination of oxygen insufflation and the substance "KD-234" due to antioxidant and antiradical properties.

The mechanisms of neuroprotective action of p-tyrosol after the global cerebral ischemia in rats

Aim. The aim of our study is to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of p-tyrosol in acute global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Material and methods. The study was performed on 30 male rats stock Wistar (250–300 g).Animals were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats. In the control and experimental groups we performed the new 3VO model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and the sham-operated animals underwent the same surgical procedures, but without the ligature imposition. Animals in the experimental group received p-tyrosol for 5 days intravenously at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg in a 2% solution. The sham-operated rats and control animals received a isotonic solution of NaCl at the same scheme. We measured rheological blood parameters and the content of products of lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue on the 5th day after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Results. Acute ischemia-reperfusion of the brain in rats from the control group caused the significant hemorheological abnormalities, including the increased whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, decreased the erythrocyte aggregation half-time and decreased red blood cell deformability index. The increase blood viscosity caused the decrease of the oxygen delivery to the tissues. The content of diene and triene conjugates, fluorescent products and the lipid oxidation index increased in the brain tissue of the control group. These abnormalities induced the death of 50% animals from the control group. Given intravenously to animals of the experimental group, p-tyrosol reduced the whole blood viscosity by 19–31%, the plasma viscosity by 6% and increased the erythrocyte deformability by 31–40%, that led to the increase of oxygen availability for tissues by 21–31% in comparison with the control group. The contents of diene and p-triene conjugates and fluorescent products in the brain tissue under course administration of p-tyrosol decreased respectively by 37%, 49 and 45%, that reflected in the decreasing of lipids oxidation index by 38% in comparison with the control group. The number of survived animals in the experimental group was 1,4 times bigger than in the control group. Conclusion. Course administration of p-tyrosol to rats with acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion reduces the blood viscosity and the intensity of oxidative stress in the brain tissue. The results of these effects are the reduction of negative outcomes of ischemia-reperfusion of the brain and the increasing of animal surviving, that confirms the neuroprotective action of p-tyrosol in these conditions.

Impact of distant and regional metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer on endotoxicosis development

Background: The complex metabolic disorders and non-specific clinical manifestations that accompany the development of malignant neoplasm are characterized as a syndrome of endogenous intoxication. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish the patterns of changes in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation processes in the saliva of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the presence/absence and extent of prevalence of distant and regional metastasis. Materials and Methods: A total of 505 people took part in the case-control study: The main group (NSCLC, n = 290) and the control one (healthy, n = 215). All participants were questioned and underwent the biochemical examination of saliva and histological verification of the diagnosis. The parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Dynamic regularities of lipid peroxidation indicators are highly pronounced with metastasis in lymph nodes regardless of histological type of the lung cancer. Hence, alongside regional metastasis, the level of diene conjugates decreases, whereas the level of triene conjugates and Schiff bases increases. Dynamics of albumin concentration is mainly due to regional metastasis, but the presence of distant metastases in the lungs drops albumin concentration greatly. The nature of changes in the malondialdehyde concentration is generally similar with the presence/absence of distant metastases, the maximum accumulation of lipid peroxidation products is observed for stages N3M0 and N3M1. Distribution coefficient МСМ 280/254 nm varies differently: It grows only in case of regional metastasis and reduced in case of distant metastasis for both histological types of the NSCLC. Conclusion: The results of the study support the hypothesis of association of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation processes with the development of NSCLC.

State of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication under non-small-cell lung cancer

Background: The problems of optimizing the methods of diagnosis and predicting the course of lung cancer occupying a leading position in the structure of cancer are still relevant. Aims and Objectives: To establish the patterns of changes in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation processes in the saliva of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the histological type of a tumor. Materials and Methods: A total of 505 people took part in the case–control study: The main group (NSCLC, n = 290) and the control one (healthy, n = 215). All participants were questioned and underwent the biochemical examination of saliva and histological verification of the diagnosis. The parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The results of the study support the hypothesis of association of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation processes with the development of NSCLC. It was shown that against the background of NSCLC; the level of primary lipid peroxidation products decreases. Thereat, the content of triene conjugates and Schiff bases, as well as the MM 280/254 nm distribution coefficient, increases. The growth of these indicators with an increase in the size of the tumor was noted. The differences due to the histological type of NSCLC have been identified. Conclusion: Thus, with squamous cell NSCLC, a higher level of secondary lipid peroxidation products was noted. The presence of distant metastases in lungs significantly contributes to changes in indicators of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation in case of adenocarcinoma.

Endogenous Intoxication and Saliva Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Lung Cancer.

This research was aimed at a search for regularities in changes to parameters of endogenous intoxication and saliva lipid peroxidation in patients with lung cancer, non-malignant lung diseases, and apparently healthy people. All patients went through saliva sampling at an amount of 1 mL. A concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured according to a reaction with thiobarbituric acid, and a level of middle molecules (MM) was measured with UV spectroscopy at 254 and 280 nm, while the content of lipid peroxidation products was measured according to a degree of heptane extract light absorption at wavelengths of 220, 232, 278, and 400 nm. It has been revealed that in the context of lung cancer, the level of diene conjugates decreases, increasing the level of triene conjugates, Schiff’s bases, and MM. As a tumor grows, there is a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation primary products and an increase in endotoxemia phenomena. The process is more apparent when going from local to locally advanced disease states. The nature of the MDA change is nonlinearly associated with tumor progression. The findings might be used to optimize traditional aids of diagnostics, in disease state forecasting, in treatment monitoring, etc.

Status Indicators of Lipid Peroxidation and Endogenous Intoxication in Lung Cancer Patients

Problems of optimization diagnosis methods and prognosis for lung cancer remain unsolved. Lung cancer occupied the leading positions among cancer diseases. Establishing change patterns in the parameters of endogenous intoxication and lipid peroxidation in the saliva of patients with lung cancer depending on the histologic type of tumor. The case-control study enrolled 516 men, who were divided into 3 groups: main (lung cancer, n=256), comparison group (non-malignant lung diseases, n=60), and control group (relatively healthy, n=200). Questioning and biochemical saliva study were carried out to all participants. Patients of the main group and the comparison group were hospitalized for surgical treatment, after which underwent the histological verification of the diagnosis. We used the spectrophotometric methods of investigation of parameters of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication. Between-group differences were evaluated by nonparametric tests. Malondialdehyde as a product of lipid peroxidation is a little informative result. For more information it is necessary to determine the individual fractions of middle toxins count distribution ratio 280/254 nm, as well as to take into account the level of conjugated diene, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases. The following changes are observed at the transition from the control group to the comparison group, and then to the main: increased levels of triene conjugates and Schiff bases, as well as malondialdehyde. At the same time we detected the reduction in the level of diene conjugates, which confirms the fact of the increase in the oxidative stress process associated with benign diseases and lung cancer. In addition, there is a decrease in the content of individual fractions of middle toxins, but 280/254 nm partition coefficient growth is observed. The findings support the hypothesis of the association processes of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication with the development of lung cancer. It confirmed the dependence of these parameters on the histological type of tumor, the presence / absence and the degree of prevalence of remote and regional metastasis.

Lipid peroxidation in cardiac mitochondrial fraction of rats exposed to different supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids

The effect of diet supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) used at different ratios of w-6/w-3 was studied on the content of primary (diene conjugates, DC; triene conjugates, TC), secondary (ketodienes, CD; coupled trienes, CT; TBA-active products) and terminal (Schiff bases) lipid peroxidation products (LPO) and generation of superoxide anion-radical in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. It was shown that diet supplementation with high doses of w-6 or w-3 PUFAs increased the content of primary, secondary and terminal LPO in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. Llipid peroxidation was accompanied by the intensification of superoxide anion-radical generation in rat heart mitochondrial fraction. During diet consumption with the PUFAs leading factor affecting the intensity of lipoperoxidation in rat heart mitochondria is fatty acid composition, rather than the level of their saturation.

ОЦЕНКА АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА С ИОНАМИ БИОГЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ

The antioxidant activity of complexes of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) with ions Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Ca 2+ have been investigated in experiments in vitro with blood plasma of healthy donors. The state of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood plasma have been evaluated on the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene (DC) and triene (TC) conjugates. The impact of the complexes and DHQ on the enzyme catalase activity in blood plasma have been determined. It is found that complex of DHQ with zinc ion reduces the content of MDA in blood plasma of 14,9% compared with the control. This exceeds twice the significant for DHQ (7,5%). The corresponding figures for complexes of DHQ with ions of copper (II) and calcium are amount to 11,2 and 3,7%. Effect of complexes to decrease of DC and TC in blood plasma compared with control is comparable with the corresponding values for DHQ. Complex of DHQ with zinc ion increases catalase activity by 1,5% compared to DHQ. Complexes of DHQ with ions copper (II) and calcium increases catalase activity by no more than DHQ.

Effect of plantago maxima extract on intensity of free radical oxidation in animals with alimentary obesity

Aim. To study the effect of the Plantago maxima extract on the level of markers of free radical oxidation in the organism of laboratory animals with alimentary obesity.
 Methods. 32 female Wistar rats were evenly divided into four groups. Animals of the first and second groups were kept in standard and high-fat diet and served as controls, respectively. Animals of the third and fourth groups received as drinking water extract of plantain Plantago maxima together with standard and high-fat diet, respectively. The total duration of the experiment was 3 months. After the experiment liver, adipose tissue as well as serum was extracted. Level of thiol compounds, carbonyl compounds, compounds that react with thiobarbituric acid, as well as diene and triene conjugates were determined spectrophotometrically.
 Results. It was found that the alimentary obesity associated with increased oxidative stress markers in adipose tissue homogenate. The use of extracts of plantain in high-fat diet group prevented the development of obesity associated with oxidative stress in adipose tissue. At the same time keeping animals on a high-diet was not associated with increased levels of markers of free radical oxidation in the blood serum. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant impact on both the type of diet and the use of the extract on the studied parameters.
 Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a protective effect of aqueous extract of plantain in relation to obesity associated with oxidative stress.

Periodontal tissue status and «lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection» system in saliva and gingival fluid in petrochemical industry workers

Aim. To study periodontal tissue status and «lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection» system in saliva and gingival fluid in petrochemical industry workers.
 Methods. 185 employees of JSC «Experimental Plant Neftechim» were included into the study. Besides the evaluation of dental status saliva and gingival fluid were analyzed for lipid peroxidation products - diene and triene conjugates, malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and Schiff bases.
 Results. The rate of chronic generalized periodontitis in petrochemical industry workers was 100%, including moderate (47.03%), severe (35.13%) and mild (17.84%) degree. Enhancement of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system activity were detected (in mild and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis) with increasing inflammatory and destructive processes in periodontal tissues. In severe chronic generalized periodontitis reduction in the antioxidant protection activity was observed along with the increasing of lipid peroxidation. Correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between the periodontal tissue status and «lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection» system.
 Conclusion. The prophylactic work should be organized among the petrochemical industry employees aiming to decrease risks of diseases; using the obtained data can be used in clinical practice to identify high-risk groups of patients with periodontal pathology.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВІЛЬНОРАДИКАЛЬНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ І АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ТВАРИН ЗА УМОВ ГОСТРОГО ТОКСИЧНОГО ТА СУБХРОНІЧНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ АЦЕТАМІНОФЕНОМ НА ТЛІ ДОВГОТРИВАЛОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕСТРОГЕНІВ ТА ПРОГЕСТИНІВ ПРИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ТІОТРИАЗОЛІНОМ ТА ГЕПАДИФ

<p>FEATURES OF FREE RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM PARAMETRS OF ANIMALS AT ACUTE TOXIC AND SUBCHRONIC POISONING BY ACETAMINOPHEN WITH PROLONGED USAGE OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN AT THE CORRECTION BY THIOTRIAZOLINE AND HEPADIF</p><p align="center">I.B. Ivanusa</p><p align="center">TernopilStateMedicalUniversity</p><p> </p><p>Activation of lipid peroxidation of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin are investigated. This is evidenced by increased concentration of reactive oxygen species by mononuclear leukocytes, the content of lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates. The ability of the corrective factors inhibits the formation of these products in the plasma and homogenate can indirectly evidenced about the antioxidant properties of the drug. So it is interested to investigate the influence of thiotriazoline and hepadif on activity of these processes in rats, which are poisoned by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin.</p><p> </p><p>KEY WORDS: acetaminophen, thiotriazoline, hepadif, free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins, antioxidant system.</p><p>INTRODUCTION. Acetaminophen is present in more than 200 drugs at various brand names. Almost all of them are used as analgesic and antipyretics. Poisoning may be at usages a big single dose of pure drug or combined drugs containing acetaminophen. Hepatoprotectors are one of the most widely using drugs for the treatment of liver diseases. These drugs are used for metabolism normalization, increase resistance to pathogenic factors, normalization of functional activity and stimulation of reparative - regenerative processes in the liver.</p><p>Therefore, we set a goal to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system of animals at poisoning by acetaminophen with prolonged usage of estrogen and progestin at the correction by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif.</p><p>INVESTIGATION METHODS. The experiments were performed on white female rats weighing 200 ±20 g, are kept on a standard diet of vivarium and free access to water.</p><p>We did three series of experiments. In the first experiment: toxic damage of rats caused by a single intragastric administration of acetaminophen suspension in 2% starch solution at a dose of 1250 mg/kg body weight (1/2 LD<sub>50</sub>), the second - a suspension of acetaminophen in 2% starch solution at a dose of 55 mg/kg (highest therapeutic dose) is administered within 7 days. Levonorgestrel in 2% solution of starch is administered both series intragastric at a dose of 1.17 mg/kg, and ethinylestradiol - a dose of 0.23 mg/kg within 40 days. Thiotriazoline was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg; Hepadyf - intraperitoneally at a dose of 8.6 mg/kg.</p><p>In 1 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd – poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and once Thiotriazoline administration.</p><p>In 2 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Thiotriazoline administration.</p><p>In 3 series of experiments, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups: 1st - intact (control); 2nd - rats with acetaminophen administration within 7 days after 40-day administration of levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol, 3rd - poisoning by acetaminophen after 40-days administration of levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol and 7-days Hepadif administration.</p><p>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Concentration of diene conjugates decreased in blood plasma of rats with single and 7-days administration of acetaminophen after 40-days administration of estrogen and progestin and Thiotriazoline administration. Decrease intensity generation of reactive oxygen by blood mononuclear leukocytes is observed at Hepadif action, and Hepadif almost neutralized its toxic effect at seven-times administration of acetaminophen at therapeutic doses. Concentration diene (respectively 2.8 and 2.6 times), and triene conjugates (3.7 and 3.2 times) decreased in plasma of affected animals. Similarly effect was in liver homogenate.</p><p>Amount of oxidized modified proteins in blood plasma and liver of affected animals decreased at correction of lesion by Thiotriazoline and Hepadif. The administration of corrective drugs is caused decrease of malonic aldehyde concentration in plasma and liver of affected rats. Peroxidase activity in blood at correction by Thiotriazoline decreased respectively on 159 and 162% compared with affected animals. Greater effect is observed at action of Hepadif, administration of which normalizated of the peroxidase activity of blood and concentration of ceruloplasmin. Administration of Thiotriazoline and Hepadif has protective effects on glutathione system.</p><p>CONCLUSIONS. Usage Thiotriazoline and Hepadif in rats with acetaminophen toxic damage against prolonged administration of estrogens and progestins inhibit reactive oxygen species formation by mononuclear leukocytes, decreas intensity of lipid peroxidation and protein, and normalization of enzyme and nonenzyme links of antioxidant system.</p>

The effects of prenatal hypobaric hypoxia on the level of lipid peroxidation in the neocortex and hippocampus of rats

We subjected rats to severe hypobaric hypoxia on days 14–16 or 17–19 of gestation and studied the effects of this treatment on the levels of the principal components of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) system in membranes of the neocortex and hippocampus of 14-(juvenile) and 90-day-old (adult) rats. We demonstrate that in the early postnatal ontogeny the formation of products of free-radical oxidation was enhanced in the rat brain. After the evaluation of LPO in the brain of juvenile and adult rats, the maximum differences were observed in the levels of triene conjugates and TBARS. We found that during the prenatal period on days 14–16 but not on days 17–19 of gestation, severe hypobaric hypoxia substantially modified the LPO levels in the neocortex and hippocampus of rats in postnatal ontogeny. The severity and direction of these alterations depend on the age of the animal that is subjected to testing. We also demonstrate that these alterations were different in the cortex and hippocampus of rats.

Age‐related oxidation of lipids and proteins in rats' crystalline lens

AbstractPurpose estimation and comparison of age‐related intensity of oxidation of lipids and proteins of rats' crystalline lensMethods Experiments are carried out on 25 Wistar line rats males of four age groups: 5 (n=6), 12 (n=7), 24 (n=6) and 36 (n=6) of months. Homogenate of crystalline lens tissue was used. The level of the general lipids, the contents of diene and triene conjugates, level of the Schiff bases and TBA‐test were estimated. The received results were rated to amount of lipids and expressed in relative units. Extent of oxidizing proteins modification, the content of the general protein was defined. The level of oxidizing proteins modification was rated to amount of proteins. Potential possibility of oxidation was estimated by method of the induced chemiluminescence with use of Fenton's reactionResults In adult animals' crystalline lenses (12 months) the raised level of products of lipids oxidation was observed. Then, the level of trienic conjugates were decreasing in the interval of 12‐24 months. The comparative content of carbonyl derivative of proteins had tendency to decrease with age. At groups of age 12, 24 and 36 months in comparison with group of 5 months were determined the decrease of the hemiluminescence level. It corresponds to decrease of level of the medium for free radical oxidationConclusion On the basis of results, we can assume that, together with the intermolecular interaction of proteins with each other and with low‐molecular metabolites, the free‐radical processes of lipids proceeding on membranes, also contributes to formation of age‐related changes of lens in rats

Features of the oxidation processes and state of microcirculatory channel have persons exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation

We have examined 36 liquidators (participants in emergency clean-up after the Chernobylnuclear accident) many years after the external γ-irradiation (on average (143.0 ± 14.0) mGy for (3.3 ± 0.8) months) and 13 workers of a typical research nuclear reactor, who were subject to chronic external γ-irradiation (on average (78.40 ± 12.21) mGy for (13.1 ± 2.2) years). The level of metabolites of lipid peroxidation (conjugated diene and triene conjugates of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-reactive products) and the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, 5'-nucleotidase in blood serum were determined; changes in vessels of microcirculatory bloodstream (MCB) in skin-muscle bioptate were analyzed. Under the action of small doses of ionizing radiation, the oxidative disbalance and changes in activity of 5'-nucleotidase in blood serum сaccompanying the systematic inflammatory alteration of MCB vessels were found.

Peculiarities of lipid and protein peroxidation in autoimmune thyroiditis with and without mild thyroid dysfunction

The aim of this study was to investigate lipid and protein peroxidation in autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), as well as to evaluate its correlation for arterial stiffness and relationship to replacement treatment. Methods. The study included 85 women; 32 of them had no thyroid pathology (group 1, controls) and 53 had AT and SH (group 2). Free-radical protein and lipid oxidation (FRO), serum antioxidant activity (AOA), arterial elasticity parameters were investigated. In addition, we compared different categories of the patients included in group 2: patients having euthyroidism ( n = 18) and subclinical hypothyroidism ( n = 35); AT patients with TSH less ( n = 26)and not less ( n = 27) than the median of group values (∼ 6 mU/ml). In 33 patients the dynamic changes of FRO were reevaluated after 6–8 months of thyroxine replacement. Results. AT patients demonstrated higher oxidative protein modification rate (OMB) which was confirmed by 75% elevation of OMB 363nm index ( p = 0,049) and greater activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) confirmed by 11% elevation of luminescence intensity index Imax ( p = 0,035) but no increase in AOA, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity ( p > 0,05). Oxidative stress severity was positively associated with TSH; dyslipidaemia had a stronger influence on oxidative stress. The proportions of women with relative disparity between elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and depressed antioxidant activity (AOA), were significantly higher in AT and SH groups ( р < 0,05). The most significant difference between oxidative stress parameters was found among patients having TSH less and not less then 6 mU/ml. The subgroup with higher TSH was found to have higher indexes of endogenous intoxication and LPO products values (the increase of EI254nm, EI274nm, EI294nm, triene conjugates by 18%; 19%; 29% и 38% respectively, p <0,05). Oxidative stress can affect arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling. Levothyroxine activates pro- and antioxidants but antioxidants are more significantly involved, and balance can be improved. Conclusion. AT is accompanied by FRO activation, АОА depression, their imbalance and oxidative stress development. Significant correlations are observed for TSH, dislipidaemia and FRO. Oxidative stress demonstrates detrimental effects on arterial functions which may be partly reversed by replacement therapy. Levothyroxine activates pro- and antioxidants with the predominant positive effect on AOA.

Biomarkers and special features of oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye linked to lens cataract and the trabecular meshwork injury in primary open‐angle glaucoma: challenges of dual combination therapy with N‐acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and oral formulation of nonhydrolyzed carnosine

The implication of oxidative stress associated with increased oxidant production in mammalian and human cells characterized by the release of free radicals, resulting in cellular degeneration, is involved in many ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal light damage, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and cataract. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness, accounting for 50% of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is considered as a progressive optic neuropathy often caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) consequent to abnormally high resistance to aqueous humor (AH) drainage via the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal. Morphological and biochemical analyses of the TM of patients with POAG revealed the loss of cells, increased accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), changes in the cytoskeleton, cellular senescence, and the process of subclinical inflammation. The TM is the target tissue of glaucoma in the anterior chamber, and the development and progression of glaucoma are accompanied by the accumulation of oxidative damage in this tissue. The separate studies were conducted to comparatively evaluate the sensitivity to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of anterior chamber tissues including TM. Accumulation of the primary, secondary, and end products of LPO (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff's bases) was noted in the studied extracts. Significant differences in the levels of all mentioned LPO products in comparison with the control were observed. The data may be considered as an evidence of LPO participation in the destruction of the trabecule and Schlemm's canal in POAG. Treatment of TM cells with oxidative stress induced POAG-typical changes such as ECM accumulation, cell death, disarrangement of the cytoskeleton, advanced senescence, and the release of inflammatory markers. By pretreatment with antioxidants, prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, or local carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, these effects were markedly reduced. Oxidative stress can induce characteristic glaucomatous TM changes, and these oxidative stress-induced TM changes can be minimized by the use of antioxidants and IOP-lowering substances. It is tempting to speculate that the prevention of oxidative stress exposure to the TM may help to reduce the progression of POAG. The author's laboratory has developed and patented the dual combination therapy with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and oral formulation of nonhydrolyzed carnosine in ripe cataracts and POAG. The specific regimen for the treatment in each stage of age-related ophthalmic disease has been taken up. In the treatment of POAG, this dual therapy can be combined with conventional antiglaucoma therapy with beta-blocking and/or adrenergic agonist medicines providing the significant IOP-lowering effect and significant increase in outflow facility. The developed therapy is a prominent management care of the glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

Comparative analysis of the formation of reactive oxygen species and development of the lipoperoxidation process in wheat chloroplasts under the effect of exogenous H2O2

The effect of various concentrations of exogenous H2O2 (1 and 10 mM) during brief exposure times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on the formation of reactive oxygen species and development of the lipoper-oxidation process is investigated in chloroplasts of wheat variety Sharg characterized by high-temperature tolerance. It is found that the introduction of exogenous hydrogen peroxide up to the calculated concentration 1 mM leads to a twofold increase of its content in chloroplasts and threefold at 10 mM; in this case, the content of malonic dialdehyde increases slightly and that of diene and triene conjugates doesn’t change.

Antioxidant activity of thiophane in rats with of experimental tetrachlorolmethane-induced hepatitis

The purpose of this investigation is to study antioxidant activity of sterically hindered phenol — thiophane in rats with toxical hepatitis. Increase of diene and triene conjugates as well as fluorescent products in hepar tissue was revealed. Course intragastric administration of thiophane decreased significantly the content of lipid peroxidation products (diene and triene conjugates, fluorescent products) and held over the α-tocopherol content in hepar tissue.

Effect of sodium citrate on the rate of cholesterol esterification and on the formation of primary products of lipid peroxidation in human blood. Are these processes related?

In vitro experiments show that sodium citrate in a final concentration of 130 mM induces a 4- to 5-fold increase in the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. A parallel determination of the blood content of primary products of lipid peroxidation reveals a 20–30% decrease in diene and triene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides.

Effects of age and ischemia on levels of lipoperoxides and lipid-soluble antioxidants in the human heart

Levels of lipoperoxides and hydrophobic scavengers of free radicals were estimated in n-hexane extracts of myocardial biopsy specimens taken from cardiac patients (children and adults) during surgical operations. Ultraviolet spectra of these extracts were found to contain four absorption bands with peaks at 214, 233, 258, and 298 nm that characterize the levels of diene and triene conjugates. A comparison of the data obtained for children and adults suggested that the total antiradical activity of the cardiac muscle decreases while its content of vitamin E remains virtually unchanged during ontogeny. Significantly reduced vitamin E levels were noted in specimens from patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.