Triene Conjugates Research Articles

Влияние пчелиного яда и гипертермии на липопероксидацию и антиоксидантную активность крови животных-опухоленосителей

Introduction. Nowadays, it has been shown that one of the possible ways to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumors is the use of combined treatment methods. Aim. To study the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperthermia against the background of bee venom in the blood of tumor-bearing rats. Materials and methods. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups: 1st — intact; 2nd — control (tumor-bearing animals (PS-1 tumor strain) with intraperitoneal (IP) administration of saline solution); 3rd, 4th and 5th groups — tumor-bearing animals with IP administration of 0.5 ml of bee venom against the background of hyperthermia 42, 43 and 44°C respectively. The content of diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases (SB) and SOD activity in the blood of animals was determined. Results. From the 1st day after the end of the experiment, a statistically significant decrease in triene conjugates was recorded in all experimental groups compared to the control group. SB decreased on the 1st–7th day after the end of the experiment with the action of hyperthermia 42°C and bee venom, on the 7th–28th day — with the action of hyperthermia 43°C and bee venom, and on the 28th day — with the action of bee venom and hyperthermia 44°C, which was accompanied by an increase in SOD activity from the 7th day in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Conclusion. Hyperthermia in combination with the action of bee venom causes a decrease in lipid peroxidation products and an increase in antioxidant activity in the blood of tumor-bearing rats. The most effective action, in our opinion, is the use of bee venom against the background of hyperthermia of 43°C, at which a prolonged effect is recorded both with respect to a decrease in the concentration of SB and an increase in the activity of SOD.

Антиоксидантные свойства феруловой кислоты и основные результаты их реализации в промышленной инкубации индеек

The presented article presented data confirming the antioxidant properties of ferulic acid, which is associated with inhibition of the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the body of day-old turkeys, expressed in a decrease in the concentration of its cytotoxic products formed at different stages of the peroxide cascade: isolated double bonds (IDB) by 1,2 times, diene conjugates (DC) 1,6 times (p<0,001,.1,1), triene conjugates (TC) and oxodienic conjugates (ODC) 1,4 times, Schiff bases (SB) 12,02 times compared to the control. This helped to optimize the central metabolic processes, in particular carbohydrate metabolism. The paper analyzes these changes, presents and explains their relationship with the increase in quantitative and qualitative indicators of young turkeys at the early stages of ontogenesis. Thus, the superiority of the experimental group over the control of hatching turkey poults was 0,01% (p<6,66), the hatchability of eggs was 8,23% with a tendency to an increase in live weight of individuals of day-old age by 0,5%, the score according to the «Pasgar» scales and «Optistart» by 0,05 (p<1,0) and 0,001 points (p<XNUMX), respectively.

PSVII-17 Program Chair Poster Pick: Reproductive function of cows depending on lipid metabolism

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the etiopathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in highly productive cows. Studies were conducted on cows of black-motley breed, aged 3–5 lactations, with a live weight of 480–520 kg. Cows were divided into two groups. The first group included 20 cows effective inseminated after the first insemination. The second group included 17 cows that did not fertilize after the first insemination. Blood samples (n = 253) were taken from 4–7; 14–17; 24–34; 35–50; 88–95; 195–210 days of pregnancy; during the beginning of dry period (DP); 1–4 days before calving and on the first day after calving. The content of total serum lipids in pregnant animals was 15.8% higher compared to unfertilized animals. In non-pregnant cows, a decrease in free cholesterol (by 28.65%), especially in its ether-bound fraction (14.91%), indicates a lower synthetic function of the liver, which is confirmed by the low serum levels of vitamins A and E (a difference of 11.3 and 23.65%). The DP was characterized by a significant increase in the products of lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde by 12–17%, diene and triene conjugates - by 10–15 and 8–15%, respectively, and 1–4 days before calving in cows, which subsequently had a pathological calving, in particular - retention of placenta (5 cows), were characterized by an increased content in the blood plasma of lipid peroxidation products. Thus, the difference in the number of dienes, trienes, and malondialdehyde products was 14.0, 12.0, and 23.5%, compared with animals without obstetric pathology. On the first day after calving, this difference increased even more. Cows with retention of placenta had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation products and were characterized by a predominance of oxidized products over the antiradical thiol disulfide and ascorbate systems restored in the antioxidant balance.

The Use of a Biostimulant Composition to Increase Turkey Viability during the Key Critical Periods of Development.

The paper reports that the treatment of hatching turkey eggs with a mixture composed of colamine, succinic acid, serine, and pyridoxine hydrochloride increased the viability of embryos and reduced incubation wastes. This effect allowed increasing the hatching of turkey poults by 6.73% and the hatchability of eggs, by 4.43%. At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in the key lipid peroxidation products in one-day-old turkey poults was observed. In particular, the content of isolated double bonds decreased 1.47-fold (p< 0.01); diene conjugates, 1.67-fold (p < 0.01); triene conjugates, 1.46-fold (p < 0.05); oxidiene conjugates, 1.48-fold (p < 0.01); and Schiff bases, 1.3-fold compared to the control. All the above-mentioned positively affected survivability in the experimental group, which appeared to be increased by 1% compared to the control.

Changes of biochemical indicators of blood serum and the skeletal muscle homogenate of the hind limbs of the rats in acute ischemia-reperfusion and in the condition of using of the carbacetam

Annotation. Simulation of ischemia-reperfusion causes the biochemical disorders and changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant system, both in the serum and skeletal muscles of the affected limb. The severity of local and systemic postischemic imbalance decreases in with correction with medicine from the group of nootropics – carabacetam. The aim of the study was determining the degree of metabolic disorders based on the analysis of changes in serum biochemical parameters and muscle homogenate in ischemic-reperfusion disorders caused by the imposition of an arterial tourniquet and under conditions of correction with carbacetam. Materials and methods. A biochemical study of blood serum and muscle homogenate of 60 rats was performed. Ischemia was simulated by applying SWAT rubber tourniquets on the hind limbs of the rats, on the inguinal fold, for 2 hours, and reperfusion was modeled by removing the tourniquet and restoring of blood circulation through 2 hours after its application. Observations of the animals were carried out during for 14 days. 30 rats in the reperfusion period were intraperitoneally administered the carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight 1 time a day for 14 days of the reperfusion period. The Blood serum was separated and the soft tissue samples were taken below the turniquet site for the biochemical studies. Statistical processing of the material was performed using the package of programs “Microsoft Excel”. The largest deviations in serum were observed after 1 day of the reperfusion: an increase in creatinine by 28.16 % (p&lt;0.005), total bilirubin by 20.75 % (p&lt;0,005), ALT by 96.14 % (p&lt;0,005), AST by 147.27 % (p&lt;0.005) and alkaline phosphatase by 70.84 % (p&lt;0.005), as well as an increase in prooxidant activity of CD by 77.27 % (p&lt;0.005), CT 147.47 % (p&lt;0,005) and TBC-AL by 82.52 % (p&lt;0,005) against the background of a decrease in SOD activity by 9.77 % (p&lt;0.005) and an increase in catalase levels by 15.37 % (p&lt;0.005) relative to the value of the control group. The development of ischemia and reperfusion was accompanied by the largest increase in the level of prooxidants (CD – by 27.55 % (p&lt;0.005), CT – by 47.34 % (p&lt;0.05), TBC-AL – by 62.09 %) (p&lt;0.005)) in the homogenate of the skeletal muscles after 2 hours after restoration of the blood supply. Antioxidant activity, on the other hand, decreased by 15.06 % (p&lt;0.005) SOD and by 8.96 % (p&lt;0.005) catalase after 1 day. After 14 days, a gradual increase and return of most of the studied values to the level of the control group. Under the influence of the carbacetam, the biochemical parameters of blood serum most significantly decreased in relative to the value of the groups without correction after 7 days of the experiment. The level of total bilirubin was lower by 29.65 % (p˂0.05), ALT by 14.95 % (p˂0.05), AST by 19.84 % (p˂0.05), alkaline phosphatase by 25.53 % (p˂0.05), and the difference in the content of diene, triene conjugates and TBC-LP was the largest after 1 day – by 17.09 % (p&lt;0.005), 20,41 % (p&lt;0.05) and 11.24 % (p&lt;0.05), respectively. Under the conditions of correction, the indicators of SOD and catalase activity increased, being significantly higher than in the groups of the animals without correction, especially after 7 days of reperfusion – by 29.41 % (p&lt;0.005) and by 15.71 % (p&lt;0.05) in accordance. The content of the diene, triene conjugates and TBC-LP muscle homogenate was statistically significantly lower in the groups with the introduction of the carbacetam than in the groups of the animals without correction. The largest difference between the groups was found after 1 day with a difference of 9.16 % (p&lt;0.05), 7.35 % (p&lt;0.005) and 16.05 % (p&lt;0.05), respectively. Antioxidant activity of SOD and catalase after 1 day was higher by 27.41 % (p&lt;0.005) and by 25.13 % (p&lt;0.005), compared with the group of the animals without introduction of the carbacetam. Thus, simulated ischemia-reperfusion is accompanied by the greatest biochemical disorders in the serum – after 1 day, and in the muscle homogenate – after 2 hours of the reperfusion. After 14 days of the experiment, most indicators still do not return to the level of the control group. The application of the correction helps to reduce the severity of biochemical disorders at the systemic and local levels, especially during periods of their greatest deviations.

Ferrocenylmethylation of estrone and estradiol: Structure, electrochemistry, and antiproliferative activity of new ferrocene–steroid conjugates

Conjugates of ferrocene with steroidal estrogens as selective antiproliferative agents against hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells are believed to be limited by the inherent estrogenicity of the conjugates. Motivated by a significant cytotoxicity of the ester of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and the phenolic group of estradiol toward such a cell line, we decided to explore other a‐ring‐tethered ferrocene–estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene conjugates; in this study, ferrocenylmethylation of estradiol and estrone with (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium iodide in the presence of potassium carbonate yielded five new compounds (1–5). In dimethylformamide, only O‐alkylated products formed (1 and 3), while a mixture of O‐ and C‐alkylated products was obtained when methanol was used (2, 4, and 5 in addition to 1 and 3). All compounds were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV–Vis, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Two of the conjugates, a 3‐O‐ and a 4‐C‐alkylated derivative of estrone (3 and 4, respectively), were also analyzed using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. A cyclic voltammetric investigation of the electrochemical properties of 1–5 was performed. While some of the compounds were shown to have a slight‐to‐moderate antiproliferative activity against at least one of the six tested human tumor cell lines and were nontoxic to (the noncancerous) fetal human fibroblasts, compound 2 (4‐(ferrocenylmethyl)estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene‐3,17β‐diol) with an IC50 value of 0.34 μM was found to be more active against the hormone‐dependent breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 than doxorubicin. These results suggest that a‐ring substitution of steroidal estrogens is a plausible strategy for preparing other ferrocene–steroid conjugates acting against tumor cells.

Characteristics of Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity in the Cortex of Old Rats in Conditions of Two-Vessel Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

The success of studies on the neuroprotective properties of compounds depends on the used model of diseases of the central nervous system on animals. The approaches widely used to model cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were developed on young animals and may not be as efficient or may not be suitable at all for modeling on old animals, which are recommended for preclinical trials. The goal of the study was to detect age-related features of the effect of cerebral reperfusion of different duration (1 and 3 h) after two-vessel forebrain ischemia on the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex of rats aged 22–24 months. We found a late accumulation (3 h, but not 1 h, after restoration of the blood flow) of LPO products, specifically, triene conjugates and Schiff bases, and a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex of old rats as compared with young animals. This indicates the features of the molecular and physiological mechanisms of the development of disorders in the brain during ischemia/reperfusion in old and young animals. It is necessary to take into account the identified differences in these mechanisms in the development and testing of compounds that will be subsequently used for the treatment of elderly patients with stroke and ischemic brain damage.

Biochemical Markers of Saliva in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Perspectives.

The aim of the work is to study the metabolic characteristics of saliva in lung cancer for use in early diagnosis and determining the prognosis of the disease. The patient group included 425 lung cancer patients, 168 patients with non-cancerous lung diseases, and 550 healthy volunteers. Saliva samples were collected from all participants in the experiment before treatment and 34 biochemical saliva parameters were determined. Participants were monitored for six years to assess survival rates. The statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft) program and R package (version 3.2.3). To construct the classifier, the Random Forest method was used; the classification quality was assessed using the cross-validation method. Prognostic factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazard model in a backward step-wise fashion to adjust for potential confounding factors. A complex of metabolic changes occurring in saliva in lung cancer is described. Seven biochemical parameters were identified (catalase, triene conjugates, Schiff bases, pH, sialic acids, alkaline phosphatase, chlorides), which were used to construct the classifier. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were 69.5% and 87.5%, which is practically not inferior to the diagnostic characteristics of markers routinely used in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Significant independent factors in the poor prognosis of lung cancer are imidazole compounds (ICs) above 0.478 mmol/L and salivary lactate dehydrogenase activity below 545 U/L. Saliva has been shown to have great potential for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for lung cancer.

Effect of Infrared Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation on Lipid Peroxidation under Conditions of Experimental Circulatory Hypoxia of Visual Analyzer.

The physiological stress modeled by circulatory hypoxia activates LPO processes in various tissues. In posthypoxic period, the infrared low-intensity laser irradiation significantly decreased the chemiluminescence parameters in blood plasma, normalized the retinal levels of diene and triene conjugates, and decreased MDA in the rat brain attesting to the correcting effect of this irradiation during various types of physiological stresses.

Changes of lipid oxidation products content in ventricles of the rat heart as a result of electrolyte-steroid cardiomyopathy and correction of this condition

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of such pathologies is metabolic cardiomyopathy. This pathology includes dysfunction of amino acids, lipids, mitochondria, and disease of products accumulation. Conditions that can cause such changes include congenital and acquired hormone levels. A good example is the long-term use of dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with allergies or rheumatology diseases. Electrolyte disturbances are often a concomitant consequence of disease or lifestyle. They also contribute to heart damage under these conditions. Cell damage often begins with damage to cell lipid membranes and is accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The purpose of our study was to investigate diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in the animal ventriculs heart tissue of both sex in conditions of long-term action of dexamethasone and high concentration (4%) solution of sodium chloride in drink water. L-carnitine, as an antioxidant and having the ability to influence to energetic metabolism, apoptosis and transcription of DNA may be a promising means for correction disorders. The experiment was performed with the use of 96 mature white nonlinear rats. Dexamethasone with long-term use promotes the accumulation of diene, triene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (malondialdehyde is main) in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, more in animals with high content (4%) of NaCl in drinking water, and in males, compared with females. L-carnitine has the ability to significantly offset the negative effects of dexamethasone on the content of lipoperoxidation products in the ventricular myocardium of rats of both sexes, including against the background of increased salt content in drinking water.

Analysis of the lipid profile of saliva in ovarian and endometrial cancer by IR fourier spectroscopy

Background and objectivesCurrently, the question of finding new, fast and non-invasive diagnostic tools for the detection of ovarian and endometrial cancer is relevant. Objective: the use of IR spectroscopy to assess changes in the lipid profile of saliva in ovarian and endometrial cancer. Materials and methodsThe case-control study included 107 patients, which were divided into 3 groups: the main group (patients with diagnosed ovarian and endometrial cancer, n = 51), the reference group (patients with non-malignant ovarian and endometrial pathologies, n = 26) and the control group (healthy individuals, n = 30). The content of lipids, the level of lipid peroxidation products (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases, malondialdehyde) were determined in all saliva samples. A modified Folch method was used to obtain a lipid extract of saliva, which was analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. Non-parametric statistical methods are used for data processing. ResultsIt has been shown that it is possible to determine changes in lipid levels in ovarian and endometrial cancer using saliva. It has been established that the ratio of the intensity of the absorption bands 2923/2957 cm−1 is statistically significantly reduced against the background of the pathologies of the ovaries and the endometrium in both the early and advanced stages of the disease, which can be used as a new diagnostic criterion. Additionally, there was a violation of lipid peroxidation processes in cancer, which can also be assessed by the IR spectra of saliva lipid extracts. ConclusionsThe combination of spectroscopic data and the results of biochemical analysis of saliva improves the accuracy of differentiation of the studied groups, which represents a promising direction in the search for new diagnostic markers of ovarian and endometrial cancer.

Specifications for Induction of Antistress Effects of Biologically Active Iodine in Chicken Embryos

The biological and biochemical effects induced by transvaginal treatment with biologically active iodine have been examined with and without the reference severe irritant for chicken embryos and chicks, which are considered the most popular model systems for investigation of a drug’s action in veterinary medicine. An increase in the thyroid activity in the experimental group chickens during the first days of their life is reveled and analyzed. Under the impact of the thermal stress factor, the levels of the iodothyronines were elevated. In particular, it was 1.3 times, 20.9%, 23.2%, and 1.3 times higher for total T3, free T3, total T4, and free T4, respectively, in the experimental chickens compared to the control. Under the reference optimization of the thyroid status, the antioxidant defense system in the organisms of the 1-day-old chickens in experimental group two was activated, resulting in the significant increase in the blood serum antioxidant activity, which was 1.3 higher than that in the control group of chickens. This caused a decrease in the levels of the lipids containing the isolated double bonds, the diene conjugates, the triene conjugates, the oxodiene conjugates, and the Schiff bases, whose levels decreased by 8.8%, 1.4 times, 16.3%, 1.5 times, and 1.4 times, respectively. The key aspects of the iodothyronine mechanism of action at the high intensity of the free radical reactions followed by lipid peroxidation are shown in the form of a diagram in Fig. 1. The results of the survey can offer the opportunity to use the drug products based on the chemical element indicated above properly by the veterinarians and health workers. The more that the stressors affect the organism of a bird, the greater is the antioxidant effect exerted by the thyroid hormones.

Details of the release of antistress properties of a biologically active iodine in a chicken embryos

The physiological and biochemical effects of transovarial treatment by using biologically active iodine were examined with and without impact of extreme irritant on chicken and hen embryos which are the most popular model systems for investigations of the drug mechanism of action in the veterinary science and the medical science. The increasing functional activity of thyroid of chickens from an experienced team in the first days of life was investigated and analysed. The level of iodothyronines is higher in chickens under the action of heat stress factor: T3 total – 1.3 times, T3 free – of 20.9%, and T4 total”– of 23.2%, T4 free – 1.3 times compared with the control. There was an activation of the antioxidant defense system of the body in day-old chickens from the 2nd experimental group against the background of optimization of thyroid status, which resulted in a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of the blood serum compared to that in the control group 1.3 times, indicated a decrease in the level of: lipids, containing isolated double bonds – of 8.8%, diene conjugates – 1.4 times, triene conjugates - of 16.3%, oxodienic conjugates – 1.5 times and Schiff bases – 1.4 times. The central aspects of the iodothyronine mechanism of action at high intensity of free radical reactions and, consequently lipid peroxidation are presented in framework form. The results of the study will make possible the use of the drug products based on this chemical element for veterinarians and health workers. The more stressors affect the bird's body, the higher efficacy of the release of antioxidant properties is in thyroid hormones.

INFLUENCE OF ISCHEMICAL-REPERFERUAL SYNDROME ON ACTIVATION OF THE LIPID PEROXIDATION SYSTEM IN THE LIVER TISSUES IN EXPERIMENT

The purpose of the study. The leading mechanism of damage after ischemia / reperfusion is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. This process leads to the formation of a number of products of lipid peroxidation (LPO).In order to clarify the development of the process of lipid peroxidation, the study of diene conjugates is important. They are the primary products of lipid peroxidation and relate to toxic metabolites that have a damaging effect on lipoproteins, proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids.The above mechanisms are actively occurring in victims with combined trauma and reperfusion injury, and at the same time justifies the need to study changes in the LPO system in such victims in order to correct their treatment.The aim of the work is to study the effect of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome on changes in the lipid peroxidation system of the liver tissue in an experiment in animals with a combined injury of the abdominal organs.Material and methods. In the experiment, 80 mature white male Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were used.Animals were divided into control and 3 experimental groups (8 animals in each group). In the animals of the first experimental group the development of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome was studied. In the second group under study, a closed injury of the abdominal organs and hypovolemic shock were modeled. In the third group, damages of the first two groups were combined. The control animals were given anesthesia, without the formation of any injuries.In the liver homogenate, the level of diene conjugates, triene conjugates, and malondaldehyde was examined in a day, three, and seven days after injury modeling.Animals of the experimental groups were removed from the experiment in the conditions of thiopental sodium anesthesia by the method of total bleeding from the heart.Results. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the imposition of hemostatic harnesses for a period of 2:00 causes a significant activation of the POL system in the liver tissue, even after seven days, the indicators of MDA, DC and TC did not return to normal values. Comparing the research groups with each other, they have found that the content of DC in the second group was statistically higher than in the first and less than in the third one. In DG-3, the indicator DU is statistically greater than in DG - 1 and DG - 2 in all control points of the experimental study.In DG - level 3, MDA grew up to seven days: starting from the first day it increased 9.4 times (p &lt;0.001), after three days it increased 15.7 times (p &lt;0.001) and seven days later it increased 18.2 times ( p &lt;0.001) compared to benchmarks.The previously mentioned shows the prospect of further research in the context of the correction of systemic changes that occur following the ischemic period.Findings. The ischemic-reperfusion syndrome in the model of a combined injury of the abdominal organs leads to the development of systemic changes, which is indirectly indicated by a significant increase in the performance of the POL system.

Oxidative Stress, Ocular Disease and Diabetes Retinopathy.

Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results in cellular degeneration and neurodegeneration from damage to macromolecules. Accumulation of the DNA damage (8HOdG) products and the end products of LPO (including aldehyde, diene, triene conjugates and Schiff's bases) were noted in the research studies. Significantly higher levels of these products in comparison with the controls were observed. Oxidative stress induced changes to ocular cells and tissues. Typical changes include ECM accumulation, cell dysfunction, cell death, advanced senescence, disarrangement or rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and released inflammatory cytokines. It is involved in ocular diseases, including keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal light damage, and retinopathy of prematurity. These ocular diseases are the cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy are implicated in biochemical and morphological changes in these ocular tissues. The development of therapy is a major target for the management care of these ocular diseases.

Effect of essential lipophilic nutrients on free radical processes in liver mitochondrial fraction of the tumor-bearing rats

Oxidative stress is a universal mechanism of cellular damage of hepatocytes, leading to a decrease in the detoxification function of the liver, which is especially important during oncogenesis. An early correction of these mechanisms by lipophilic essential nutrients could increase the effectiveness of antitumor treatment and prevent the development and progress of cancer. Aim to study the effect of separate and combined use of ω-3 PUFA and vitamin D3 on the intensity of free radical processes, mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c content in the liver mitochondrial fraction of the tumor-bearing rats during the intensive growth of the tumor has been studied. Material and methods. Studies were carried out on white outbred female rats weighing 130-150 g, which were divided into 5 groups (each n=12). Guerin's carcinoma was used as a model of malignant neoplasm. Carcinoma transplantation was carried out by subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a 30% suspension of cancer cells into saline in the upper thigh region of the right limb. ω-3 PUFAs (120 mg/kg of body weight, per os) and vitamin D3 (600 IU/kg of body weight, per os) were pre-administered for 28 days before the transplantation of Guerin's carcinoma and after transplantation for the entire period of tumor growth in the body (14 days). Liver mitochondrial fraction was isolated by differential centrifugation. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was judged by using spectrophotometry by the content of primary, secondary, and tertiary products in isopropanol extracts. The rate of formation of the superoxide radical was recorded in a test with nitro-blue tetrazolium, the swelling of mitochondria was assessed by a decrease in the optical density of isolated mitochondria, the content of cytochrome c in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions was determined by multi-wavelength visible light spectroscopy. Results and discussion. An increase in the content of primary (diene and triene conjugates), secondary (ketodienes; conjugated trienes; TBA-active products) and terminal (Schiff bases) lipid peroxidation products with a simultaneous increase in the generation of superoxide anion-radical was found in the liver mitochondrial fraction of the tumorbearing rats. With the administration of ω-3 PUFA and vitamin D3, both separately and especially when used together, a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes in liver mitochondrial fraction of tumor-bearing rats has been observed. At the same time, mitochondrial swelling decreased, this prevented the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. Conclusion. The administration of the complex ω-3 PUFA and vitamin D3 reduces the processes of lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial fraction of the liver of tumor-bearing rats while simultaneously restoring the functional ability of mitochondria.

Nonspecific stress response to temperature increase in Gammarus lacustris Sars with respect to oxygen-limited thermal tolerance concept.

The previously undescribed dynamics of the heat shock protein HSP70 and subsequent lipid peroxidation products have been assessed alongside lactate dehydrogenase activity for Gammarus lacustris Sars, an amphipod species from the saltwater Lake Shira (Republic of Khakassia). Individuals were exposed to a gradual temperature increase of 1 °C/hour (total exposure duration of 26 hours) starting from the mean annual temperature of their habitat (7 °C) up to 33 °C. A complex of biochemical reactions occurred when saltwater G. lactustris was exposed to the gradual changes in temperature. This was characterized by a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity and the launching of lipid peroxidation. The HSP70 level did not change significantly during the entire experiment. In agreement with the concept of oxygen-limited thermal tolerance, an accumulation of the most toxic lipid peroxides (triene conjugates and Schiff bases) in phospholipids occurred at the same time and temperature as the accumulation of lactate. The main criterion overriding the temperature threshold was, therefore, the transition to anaerobiosis, confirmed by the elevated lactate levels as observed in our previous associated study, and by the development of cellular stress, which was expressed by an accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. An earlier hypothesis, based on freshwater individuals of the same species, has been confirmed whereby the increased thermotolerance of G. lacustris from the saltwater lake was caused by differences in energy metabolism and energy supply of nonspecific cellular stress-response mechanisms. With the development of global climate change, these reactions could be advantageous for saltwater G. lacustris. The studied biochemical reactions can be used as biomarkers for the stress status of aquatic organisms when their habitat temperature changes.

REACTIVE OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SPECIES ROLE IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Activation of lipid peroxidation is one of the trigger mechanisms of periodontium injury, which is primary caused by cellular damage. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are able to cause damage to a cell as well as final products of lipid peroxidation, including unsaturated aldehydes and other metabolites. Objective. The aim of the research was to determine the role of RONS and accumulation of lipid peroxidation derivatives in initial development and formation of chronical inflammatory process in periodontium. Methods. Experimental periodontitis was modeled in animals by injection of complex mixtures of microorganisms diluted in egg protein into periodontal tissues. The results of biochemical studies of free radical processes activity in blood serum were evaluated by content of diene, triene conjugates, TBA-active products and total quantity of metabolites of nitric oxide (NO2–+NO3–), which were determined on the 7th, 14th and 30th days of the experiment. Results. Generation of active forms of oxygen is more influential, providing longevity of inflammatory process. This pays attention to typical dynamics of changes in active processes of lipid peroxidation in the development and course of experimental periodontitis. The study of inflammatory process with a bacterial-immune component in the rats’ periodontal complex proved accumulation of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum.Conclusions. The preservation of increased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites in blood serum of the experimental animals with acute periodontitis conduce enhance of alteration and delayed healing that result in its sequel into chronical periodontitis.

ACETAMINOPHEN EFFECT ON FREE RADICAL OXIDATION INDICES IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Background. Acetaminophen is a drug used to relieve pain syndrome. It is used both independently and in composition of combined drugs. Type 2 diabetes is an age-related disease that is associated with a violation of insulin synthesis by pancreas.Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of acetaminophen on major free radical oxidation indices of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus in time dynamics.Methods. We conducted two series of experiments. The first series comprised rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute acetaminophen toxic lesions. The second series involved rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acetaminophen administration at a dose of 55 mg/kg for the period of 7 days.Results. Administration of acetaminophen for rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus caused the increase in the content of malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates and Schiff bases in blood plasma and malondialdehyde, diene and triene conjugates in liver homogenate. The maximum increase in these indices was observed on the first day of the experiment. Gradually these indices decreased on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days of the experiment.Conclusions. Free radical oxidation increased in both series of the experiment. This process developed in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute acetaminophen toxic lesions more intensively, than in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and administration of acetaminophen at the highest therapeutic dose during 7 days.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Dihydroquercetin Complexes with Biogenic Metal Ions

The antioxidant activity of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) complexes with zinc, copper(II) and calcium was studied in vitro in blood plasma of healthy donors. The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood plasma was assessed by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene (DC) and triene (TC) conjugates. The effect of DHQ and the complexes on the activity of the catalase enzyme in blood plasma was determined. It was found that DHQ complex with zinc ion reduces the MDA content in blood plasma by 14.9% compared with the control, which is twice as high as for DHQ (7.5%). The corresponding parameters of DHQ complexes with copper(II) and calcium ions were 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. The effect of the complexes on the decrease in the DC and TC content in blood plasma compared with the control is comparable with the corresponding parameters for DHQ. The DHQ complex with zinc ion increases the catalase activity by 1.5% compared with DHQ. The complexes containing copper(II) and calcium ions increase the catalase activity no more than DHQ.