Social Coexistence Research Articles

Place, Class Interaction, and Urban Segregation: Experiencing Inequality in Mexico City

Based on ethnographic research conducted in wealthy and deprived areas of Mexico City, this article analyzes and discusses the contribution of place and class interaction in shaping urban segregation. Spatial isolation and social homogeneity are both the result of structural forces and cultural processes embodied in individual practices. Focusing on cultural processes, three main issues are explored: “the sense of place” in poor peripheries; the experience of “being-in-place,” or “being-out-of-place” among people coming from disadvantaged and privileged backgrounds; and the process of “othering” in urban encounters between social classes. We conclude that current processes give a new character to the experience of urban inequality, which deeply erodes social coexistence, recognition, and solidarity.

OFICINA COM ADOLESCENTES DO MST: PRECONCEITO E CONVIVÊNCIA COLETIVA

Apesar de todas as conquistas dos movimentos sociais no que se refere à educação do campo, as crianças e jovens do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) vivenciam situações de preconceito por sua pertença, quando estudam em escolas não vinculadas ao movimento, vivencias que os marcam profundamente. O preconceito pela pertença ao MST que vem a se somar a diversos outros, foi o tema demandado para ser trabalhado em nosso projeto de extensão, realizado em uma escola técnica de agroecologia fruto de uma parceria entre o MST e o Instituto Federal Tecnológico do Paraná (ITFPR). Os participantes do projeto foram adolescentes e jovens, com idades que variam entre 15 e 24 anos, sete são do sexo feminino e os demais do sexo masculino, todos oriundos de acampamentos e assentamentos da reforma agrária. A metodologia adotada no trabalho foi a realização de oficinas com o tema principal “preconceito e convivência coletiva” e os seguintes temas geradores: possibilidades e limites frente às diferenças, preconceito e empatia, empatia e comunicação, preconceito racial e bullying. Foram realizados oito encontros semanais, com duração de 2 h. Concluímos que a metodologia das oficinas se mostrou efetiva ao ir além dos aspectos educativos/informativos, abarcando e trabalhando com os significados afetivos, os sentimentos e as vivências, proporcionando espaço para a fala, a reflexão e a elaboração, tanto individual como coletiva. Além de potencializar o contexto favorável a formação humana que o MST construiu ao longo da sua existência.Palavras-chave: Oficina; adolescentes, MST.

Transformações institucionais: um estudo sobre os novos arranjos familiares

As instituições sociais são tão antigas que sua origem nem sequer pode ser facilmente demarcada. Elas são formadoras de normas e valores que organizam a convivência social e participam da produção de modos de vida historicamente compartilhados. Tais normas podem ser transmitidas na forma de leis ou pela convivência cotidiana. A família é uma das mais antigas instituições sociais e também uma das que mais sofre modificações na atualidade. Esta pesquisa teórica tem por objetivo analisar a instituição familiar a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, buscando compreender os efeitos sociais dos arranjos familiares que ganharam mais visibilidade recentemente, bem como os afetos experimentados diante dessas novas composições. Como resultado parcial, pode-se perceber que apesar de os arranjos familiares emergentes serem variados e disseminados no social, eles ainda encontram resistência em relação ao padrão hegemônico burguês que configura o imaginário social. A conclusão parcial deste estudo mostra que as famílias atuais encontram-se diante do desafio político de inventar e sustentar outras maneiras de conviver tanto entre seus membros quanto em relação à sociedade, ainda bastante referida ao modelo nuclear tradicional.

English

This article portrays the importance of home-grown cultural values and institutions in addressing intra and inter-group conflicts in South East Tigray, Ethiopia with particular reference to Wejerat community. The paper draws that indigenous social institutions in the community provide an opportunity to maintain peace, justice, order and security within and outside the community with minimum cost by the application of social knowledge. It promotes social bond, peaceful co-existence and enactment of order at family, intra and inter-communal level. The paper yet examines that the community placed more focus on the cultural system presided over by various sections of the society like a council of elders, clergy men, women, etc; for dispute or conflict settlement and justice dispensation including homicide. It concludes that some social institutions are intact while some are nearly disappearing due to the influence of socio-cultural and political dynamics. The intact indigenous social institutions irrespective of their limitations such as Debarte (institution of women), Demer Ahiwat (at family level up to 7th line), the church and Gereb (usually at inter-group level) that are applied by the Wejerat community offer great prospect for peaceful co-existence and harmonious relationships at intra and inter-group level in pre and post-conflict periods than the modern technique of dispute resolution in law courts, particularly in areas where government oversight is weak and ineffective. Key words: Indigenous social knowledge, Gereb, Debarte, Kanchi system, Demer Wejerat.

Ethical aspects of entrepreneurship in nursing

Ethics is one of the characteristics of contemporary civilization. Health care system faces uniquely complex ethical problems. Many points of serious concern need to be raised under the concept of ethics. For nurse entrepreneurs to be professionally credible they have to be competent and accountable. While fundamental responsibility lies with the individual nurse entrepreneur, the professions have to evidently improve these essential attributes as well. The code of nursing ethics would constitute supplementation of legal provisions and professional regulations. There is growing recognition of the important contributions made by nurse entrepreneurs within health care systems and an acknowledgement that nurse entrepreneurship promises future advancement in health care. As a consequence, ethics will contribute to harmonious, agreeable cooperation of patients in entrepreneurship processes by nurses, as well as harmonious social coexistence with the healthcare environment which in itself cannot protect.

Zakres najważniejszych obowiązków pracownika w świetle przepisów kodeksu pracy

Zakres najważniejszych obowiązków pracownika reguluje art. 100 kodeksu pracy. Nie są to jednak wszystkie obowiązki ciążące na pracowniku wobec pracodawcy, a jedynie te najbardziej powszechne. Podstawowym obowiązkiem każdego pracownika jest staranne i sumienne wykonywanie pracy oraz przestrzeganie poleceń służbowych. Przy czym polecenie musi być bezwzględnie związane z wykonywaną pracą oraz zgodne z przepisami prawa lub umową o pracę. Ustawodawca w art. 100 § 2 kodeksu pracy umieścił przykładowy katalog obowiązków pracownika. Wskazany został m.in. obowiązek dbałości pracownika o dobro zakładu pracy oraz zachowanie w tajemnicy informacji, których ujawnienie mogłoby narazić pracodawcę na szkodę.Ważnym obowiązkiem pracowniczym jest także przestrzeganie zasad współżycia społecznego. Naruszenie tego obowiązku poprzez np. używanie siły fizycznej wobec współpracowników może doprowadzić nawet do rozwiązania umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia z winy pracownika w trybie art. 52 kodeksu pracy.

Beyond black and white: the role of media in portraying and policing migration and asylum in Italy

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the media’s role in shaping perceptions and policies concerning the so-called migrant crisis as well as how this affects solidarity with newcomers, specifically focusing on Italy. The first part of the paper examines the coexistence of the humanitarian narratives of saving lives and the spectacle of militarised borders. It unveils how the daily transmission of sensationalist and stereotyped images of migrants contributes to their transforming into subjects and objects of fear, both experiencing the fear of being rejected and eliminated and inspiring fear in the resident populations. The second part addresses the need for innovative approaches in the construction of a positive public image of migrants and refugees. Through an analysis of several communication campaigns, realised by state and non-state actors for the promotion of social coexistence between citizens and newcomers, this paper calls for a fundamental shift in the way we communicate about migration. A concluding reflection on the challenges and opportunities posed by the arrival of migrants and asylum seekers in our societies, proposes that they should not only be perceived as objects of policies, but should be considered active partners of their own inclusion in the receiving societies.

Social aesthetics and mental health–Theory and practice

The Hows of dealing with life and with our fellow human beings is the main focus of scientific endeavor of social aesthetics as a multidisciplinary research domain. This knowledge about the Hows of our social coexistence in general and in preventative and curative medicine in particular provides the indispensable social aesthetics foundation for therapeutic interventions in which the individual once more becomes the measure of all things and activities. European intellectual history teaches us that beauty is not just an adornment to life but is also a major source of strength for our life. Moreover, the positive aesthetic experience also has healing power. Social aesthetics that wishes also to be understood as the science of beauty in interpersonal relationships provides us with knowledge that in medical-therapeutic practice becomes a key pillar of human-centred approaches to prevention and treatment.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

The Development of Gender Identity in Boys with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and in Boys with Mental Retardation

In accordance with the developmental theories, the formation of gender identity is subject to an interactive logic in which biology, social coexistence and culture are considered as an inseparable unit. When studying clinical conditions of multifactorial origin and with specific characteristics it has become essential consider the impact the formation of gender identity, mainly when maintains a direct relationship with the incidence of certain disorders. The purpose of this study was to verify if boys with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) develop gender identity through the choices of toys and games. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of 99 boys aged four to six years and six months (M=5,24, DP=0,80), from cities in the States of Sao Paulo (66,7%) and Bahia (33,3%). The boys were divided into three groups, considering their clinical characteristics: Control Group - boys with normal development (n=33); Clinical Group - boys with Autistic Spectrum Disorders - ASD (n=33) and Clinical Group - boys with Mental Retardation - MR (n=33). The instruments used were the Autistic Trait Scale (ATS), the Columbia Mental Scale and the Gender Apperception Test - GAT. The results indicated differences related to the clinical characteristics of the boys who composed the groups (effect size η2=0,25).

Toward a Normative Ethical Claims of Ibibio Social Norms, Values, and Beliefs

This study examined the normative ethical claims, social norms and values laden in Ibibio social system and culture. These claims institutes avowal about ethical considerations and make moral judgments. This study presents a socio-cultural description of Ibibio norms which are an integral part of the culture, social custom, rituals and beliefs governing social coexistence. It argues that though norm is a cultural production with emphasis on prohibitions, Ibibio norms dictates behavioral and/or conversational re-orientation which determines how basic moral standards are arrived at and justified. The findings of this study however have a significant implication for cumulative research on the ethical elements of Ibibio norms and social beliefs.

Dobre obyczaje w polskim prawie kontraktowym – wybrane zagadnienia

<p class="Standard"><span>Artykuł zawiera przegląd dobrych obyczajów w polskim prawie kontraktowym. Przegląd ten skłania do wniosku o narastającej potrzebie rychłego zastąpienia bazujących na ustawodawstwie PRL klauzul „zasad współżycia społecznego” oraz „społeczno-gospodarczego przeznaczenia prawa” – klauzulą dobrych obyczajów. Stanowi to konieczną przesłankę pełnej i rzetelnej europeizacji polskiego prawa cywilnego. W doktrynie prawnej krajów członkowskich UE, które nie wchodziły do bloku państw satelickich ZSRR, klauzule zasad współżycia społecznego oraz społeczno-gospodarczego przeznaczenia prawa jawią się jako zupełnie obce pojęcia i kategorie prawne, które nie mają żadnych odpowiedników w klasycznej, europejskiej cywilistyce. Powrót do „dobrych obyczajów” na gruncie polskiego prawa kontraktowego pozwoli na pełniejsze wykorzystanie dorobku doktryny i orzecznictwa powstałego zarówno w okresie II RP, jak i w krajach zachodniej Europy po II wojnie światowej, co niewątpliwie głębiej zakotwiczy instytucje polskiego prawa umów w systemie prawa UE.</span></p>

Klauzula generalna nieuzasadnionego wypowiedzenia umowy o pracę w kodeksie pracy – zarys problematyki

<p>Klauzula generalna nieuzasadnionego wypowiedzenia jest pojęciem niedookreślonym, mającym najszersze zastosowanie w stosunkach pracy. Klauzula ta stanowi alternatywę wobec zamkniętego katalogu przyczyn wypowiedzenia umowy o pracę, umożliwiając sądom pracy wydawanie rozstrzygnięć uwzględniających okoliczności konkretnych stanów faktycznych. Elastyczność klauzul generalnych pozwala na zmianę sposobu ich rozumienia w zmieniających się warunkach zewnętrznych, ustrojowych, a nawet przy okazji zmian w systemie wartości. Jednocześnie wymóg uzasadnionego wypowiedzenia, dla uznania zgodności z prawem tej czynności, podlega kontroli nie tylko z punktu widzenia art. 45 k.p., ale także zasad współżycia społecznego.</p>

Transferencia tecnológica en la educación

One of the most efficient strategies related to generation of differentiation factors which contribute to stability and sustainability in time as well as the momentum of technological development in different territories is represented by the growth in scientific, technological and innovative development based on the structure of economic systems. Education is considered a fundamental element because it is the essence in the formation and fortification of the capacities, skills and competencies in human capital. This is needed for the management of research projects, development and innovation that will contribute to technology transfer and the progress of scientific knowledge that is encouraged from the inside of the organizational structures of the national economic sectors One of the most influential and conceptual tendencies of economic thinking in the countries (Gomez, Ibagon& Forero, 2014) are represented by the theories based on endogenous development in Latin America. In addition, the scientific development of a nation brewing from a process of internal learning and strengthening of the technical and technological capabilities that support the processes of education and research as generators of knowledge (Amar Dfact that are continuously supported by education. Starting from this series of concepts, the following question arises: do different levels of modern educational institutions use technological access? It must be taken into account that the scientific and technological progress results of the research, development and innovation (RDI) is not indifferent for educational organizations, an activity that is mostly awarded to the universities and technological development centers (Ortiz, 2012). It is undeniable that the role of technology in a society has been a motivating element of downsizing of social coexistence, which promotes knowledge through the easy access to information and knowledge This principle is supported in education, by evidences such as: curricular content virtualization or the educational offer. The teaching practice in classroom supported with multimedia resources and the disruptive in [H1] teaching-learning methodologies, based on an integrating framework of information technologies with teaching and research (Sandoval, 2011). It is valid that the organization of classrooms in different levels of training, must be related to the technological component, before the scenarios for education represented by the twenty-first century; the new generations have already so almost innate skills for the use of the technology, so that interaction with this component is increasingly simple based on Prensky (2001); In addition, to the academic processes and collaborative work in classroom facilitation, this fact allows the educational projects in the institutions planning and direction (Corner, 2015). It can be said, the degree of technology incorporation in education has also strengthened the pedagogical models by which the students knowledge is transferred and assesses, this principle generates different spaces of learning characterized by promoting the critical skill, thought disruptive and collaborative work, as well as empowerment with the educational process, encouraging self-management and commitment in the students Based on education and humanism journal in its 18 years of academic career and research through the academic praxis and research activities of the scientists who believe that a space of transcendent knowledge sharing has been co-created in order to facilitate an adequate transfer of universal knowledge resulting from the science, technology and innovation activities, generated and implemented in the institutions of higher education through the substantive functions of teaching, research, extension and social projection. Remarkable the participation of Ibero Americano countries such as: Spain, Mexico, Venezuela, Paraguay and Colombia is remarkable and results of the investigative exercise and thought are generated in different realities which are analyzed during the investigative process and presented by its own researchers: Through education, highlighting the contribution of the activity of scientific research, with technological transfer to the productive sector and the community in general, it provides the educational discipline in the relationship of the universities and centers of technological development as allies of the innovation ecosystems in the different Iberoamerican territories. Different articles of specific lines of research will analyze and reflect on education and humanities scenarios , that exposed the role of technology within the processes, as well as the educational strategies that emerge in the interests of ensuring the highest quality in the academy, tacitly or explicitly, in order to generate the relevant contributions that the contemporary world demanded to social institutions, are shared in this Educacion y Humanismo journal edition.

GRANICE UPRAWNIEŃ KIEROWNICZYCH PRACODAWCY W STOSUNKU PRACY

THE LIMITS OF THE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY IN THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPSummaryManagement authority, which is guaranteed for the employer under the employment relationship with respect to employees, is an essential (necessary) feature of the employment relationship, which very often determines the identity of this relationship, distinguishing it from other legal forms of employment, especially those of a civil nature. The employing entity’s management authority must first of all be identified with the employer’s powers to influence the employee’s actions within the scope of the performance of work (in the work process) and the employee’s corresponding obligations to the employing entity regarding the work he is to perform. Using these powers, the employer specifies the employee’s obligations for the performance of the job, in particular its type, method, the time and place in which it is to be done, as well as the order and organization of the work process. According to the literature on the subject, the employer’s main powers of management include prescriptive rights (the core of management authority), which allow him to specify the employee’s duties by issuing binding instructions to him; punitive (disciplinary) powers associated with the use of disciplinary penalties; regulatory (legislative) powers, primarily to establish the regulations and other acts determining working order (in particular work schedules, holiday timetables etc.); and distributive power (the allocation of prizes and awards). The object of this study is to characterize the limits to the employer’s management authority in the employment relationship. The author concentrates on the limits defined by applicable law, the employment contract, the clause of compliance with socio-economic purpose, and the rules of social coexistence, as well as custom. The analysis of the limits of the employer’s management authority shows the importance of this issue, both in theoretical and practical terms. The appropriate configuration of these limits may help to solve one of the fundamental problems of modern labor law, which is to harmonize its protective and organizational functions.

Культурно-просветительская деятельность как фактор стабилизации современного российского социума

Culture in different forms of its manifestation is a necessary factor in the progressive development of modern society. Cultural factor regulates norms of social behavior and determines social status of a personality, provides economic and social stability, civil consent and tolerant coexistence of all segments of society. The full social insurance of citizens should provide guaranteed satisfaction not only their physical but also spiritual needs. The decline in living standards in modern Russian reality limits the possibility of familiarizing the general public to the true cultural values. And this raises the task of the moral and aesthetic development of the personality in a number of very significant social problems. Socially-oriented cultural and educational activity contributes their solution. It is carried out in a variety of forms: from certain regional-scaled actions, to the resonance events at national and international levels (free exhibitions, charity concerts, lectures, performances, etc.). Domestic tourism is another direction of socially oriented cultural and educational activities. The development of tourism programs, taking into account the availability of tourist attraction for social groups, allows to enforce the rights of pensioners, the disabled, orphans, war and labor veterans, low-income citizens in familiarizing to cultural values. Creation of special guided tours and tourism programs across the native land for the social category of tourists, as well as staff training combining the functions of social workers and guides with skills to provide first medical and psychological care are an urgent task. This requires not only seeking funding from national and regional budgets, but also involvement of sponsors and volunteers, primarily students, who are mastering the professions associated with the service and tourism. The implementation of socially oriented cultural and educational projects will successfully contribute to the solution of fundamental problems, aimed at humanization of the social environment, overcoming the negative effects of anti-social occurrences, the increasing importance of spiritual values in modern Russian society.

Dobre obyczaje w polskim prawie kontraktowym – wybrane zagadnienia

This article contains an overview of good manners in Polish contract law. The overview leads to the conclusion that following clauses – rules of social coexistence and socio-economic purpose of law, which are based on the legislation from the time of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) – need to be replaced by the clause of good manners. It is necessary for the full and thorough Europeanization of the Polish civil law. The two aforementioned clauses appear to be completely foreign concepts and legal categories in the legal doctrine of EU member states which were not the satellite states of the Soviet Union. These clauses have no equivalents in the classic European civil law studies. The return to the good manners in the Polish contract law will undoubtedly more deeply anchor the Polish institutions of the contract law in the legal system of EU.

Podstawa rekonstrukcji treści klauzul generalnych. Przykład zasad współżycia społecznego

The problems associated with the use of general clauses on the reconstruction of the normative basis for decisions applying the law is a question often research undertaken by the doctrine. Past publications do not cover the complex issues of reconstruction base content of general clauses based on specific non-legal reference. This article is an attempt to present the above mentioned issues with regard to the principle of social coexistence. Word recall what they are introducing general clauses, how they should be interpreted and determine their content. Problem arising directly from the introduction of a discussion of the expression of the general clause in the system of laws, which directly affects the content of this reference, and how to interpret it. Key considerations article are issues related to the operation of general clauses in the law of the public and private sectors. In support of each of the thesis I present examples of judicial decisions.

Transposición didáctica de saberes culturales mapuche en escuelas situadas en contextos interculturales

(descriptive): The present review of the topic is of a descriptive nature, which seeks to discuss the didactic transposition of Mapuche cultural knowledge carried out by teachers in intercultural contexts. To carry out the theoretical review, the sources and databases used were WOS, Thomson Reuters, SciELO, Scopus, Eric, Redalyc, Dianlet, Doaj and OEI, in addition to specialized books on the subject. The review shows that teachers require pedagogical knowledge to break with the hegemony of Western cultural education. Therefore, it is necessary to use contextualized didactic transposition processes to mobilize the teaching of Western scientific knowledge and Mapuche cultural knowledge. This, in order to favor the continuous improvement of the teaching-learning processes and the social coexistence of Mapuche and non-Mapuche students in intercultural contexts. Key words: Intercultural education, teaching process, indigenous knowledge (Unesco Social Science Thesaurus).

Биосоциальный человек и возможные направления антропосоциальной эволюции

<p>В статье обсуждается биосоциальная сущность человека и связанные с ней перспективы развития человечества. Предмет статьи рассматривается с точки зрения концепции биосоциологии, предложенной Вал. А. Луковым, — с позиций междисциплинарности, встречного дрейфа естественных и гуманитарных наук, как новое теоретизирование на тему соотношения биологического и социального в человеке.</p><p>Исследование выявило, что если определять социальное и личностное как развитие универсальных для царства животных биологических стратегий, то содержательным отличием эволюции человека от эволюции других животных, имевших на вооружении те же стратегии, явилось параллельное и равновесное развитие биоиндивидуального организма (личности) и социальности (общества). Сегодня направления антропосоциальной эволюции могут быть связаны с возможными перекосами в сторону превалирования развития личности или в сторону общественного императива, одинаково приводящих к уничтожению человека как такового и катастрофе человечества. В случае же сохранения равновесия человечество может успешно развиваться.</p><p>Если же понимать социальное как «небиологическое», то в этом случае можно подойти к проблеме биосоциального человека с позиций разграничения естественного и искусственного и связать социальное прежде всего с орудийной деятельностью человека, развитием техники и технократической цивилизации. Сегодня симбиоз человека и техники вполне способен создать принципиально новое тело, причем проще и выгодней создать небиологическое тело из нанокомпозитных материалов, лишенное многих «человеческих», организменных функций и обусловленных ими систем. Таким образом, в будущем человек частично или полностью будет лишен конституирующего человека биологического тела. Возникает также вопрос относительно оснований для обществообразующего взаимодействия «новых людей» — киборгов. Авторы рассматривают несколько вариантов и приходят к выводу о неизбежности создания «культивируемого» общества у киборгов.</p><p>В этой связи в рассуждениях с точки зрения определения биосоциального человека как соотношения естественного и искусственного авторы предполагают постепенный и полный переход от естественного к искусственному миру, в конечном счете без человека и его социальности.</p>

Gobierno y subjetividad en el liberalismo y el neoliberalismo

This article attempts to analyze the genealogy proposed by Michel Foucault about the problem of the links amongst government, freedom and truth, inte nded as the truth of the self, in the framework of Angloamerican liberal and neoliberal governmental rationality. Through the development of theoretical debates and political practices related to liberalism and neoliberalism, we try to show how the subjectivation technologies produce a subject fitting the governmental strategy forged according to the market logic acting as a mechanism of veridiction and to the competition as a practice inherent to social coexistence in late capitalism.