Social Coexistence Research Articles

Degraded grassland and the conflict of land use in protected areas of hotspot in Brazil

The development process in Brazil has impacted the landscape over the years, causing, especially, changes in land cover. A critical topic in global studies on environmental issues. As a counterpoint to this process, the Brazilian State opted for the delimitation of protected natural spaces, with the argument of improving biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, human subsistence and the well-being of current and future generations. The article assesses changes in the biodiversity of a protected area, considered as a global biodiversity hotspot, in the Brazilian Cerrado. We used the environmental arguments associated with its creation and a 30-year time series analysis. That identified and quantified land uses, levels of landscape degradation and their environmental suitability in relation to permanent protection areas according to the Brazilian Forest Code. Forestry over 10 years (1987–1997) increased by 8%, but decreased to around 5% in subsequent periods (2007–2017). Degraded pasture areas decreased between periods of expansion of forestry. There was a reduction in the area occupied by pastures, which went from 39 to 31% in the period from 1987 to 1997, but increased by 6% in the following years (2007–2017). The results showed that the expansion of silviculture from 1987 to 1997 occurred in areas previously occupied by moderately degraded pastures, evidencing, on the other hand, an improvement in the quality of the pasture areas in the following period. In addition to forestry and pasture, there was also an expansion of irrigated agriculture in the region, as well as conflicts related to water scarcity. The study, in addition to investigating the conservation conditions of the vegetation cover in the Protected Area, can also be used as a reference in the evaluation and formulation of management plans and social coexistence strategies, which are still very limited in protected areas around the world.

Banatul, temă lirică în literatura română din Voivodina

In Romanian literature in Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia, poetry is the favourite genre of writers, especially when it comes to the second half of the twentieth century. Among the lyrical themes often explored by the authors who wrote their texts in Romanian, the theme of the homeland of yesterday and today, occupied a privileged place. Natural beauty, childhood images, loved ones, customs and traditions, educational aspects, social coexistence, the multicultural specificity have also quite often become literary topics. This article reveals some lyrical experiences in which the homeland - Banat, is in the focus of some poets, belonging to different literary generations. Their writings are modelled according to the feelings of nostalgia, alienation, wanting to return to the past through recollection or dreams. On the other hand, in addition to daydreams of their home and self-searches, we are drawn to the approaches to these topics that place Romanian literature in its own right, at the confluence of the two European literatures, Romanian and Serbian. The lyrical creations that present such characteristics are included both in author's collections of works as well as on the pages of the magazine „Lumina", the symbolic publication of Romanian culture in the former Yugoslavia and present-day Serbia.

The effect of low-level laser therapy on functional improvements in the temporomandibular joints: randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) - recognized as the most common chronic orofacial pain condition - significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life and social coexistence. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on functional improvements in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Method: The research was carried out at the Universidade Federal do Piauí on 32 young adults with signs and symptoms of TMD, who were divided into the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG). The IG was administered the LLLT application directly on the TMJ. While both groups were subjected to the same procedures, for the CG, the laser device was turned off. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.87 ± 2.4 years, with a predominance of females (87.5%) over males (12.5%). Homogeneity was observed between the CG and IG concerning the presence of pain from palpation. The decrease in the pain of the musculature was relevant, with emphasis on the IG, which used LLLT. Moreover, there was an increase in participants, who rated on the pain scale their pain as “0” (no pain), and presented increased measures of joint mobility of the mandible and cervical spine, with relief of the painful symptoms, by breaking the pain-spasm-pain cycle. Conclusion: LLLT promotes a significant reduction of pain from palpation, improves the range of motion, and generates immediate and long-lasting benefits.

Psychological distress, sanitary measures and health status in student’s university

Introduction: COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. It has affected millions of people and represents an unprecedented threat not only to health, but also to the economy and educational processes. In the confinement, one of the vulnerable groups is that of students of various academic degrees. The objective was to describe the manifestations of psychological discomfort and health derived from the confinement measures in students of a private university in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. A secondary objective, due to the inclusion criteria, was to evaluate the differences between undergraduate and graduate students, as well as the associated factors in social coexistence, vulnerable groups and health measures. Method: The participants were 641 students who were administered an online survey with a response rate of 77.6%. The participants were 63.1% women and 36.9% men. A total of 60.8% were undergraduate students and 39.2% graduate students. The mean age was 25.3 years. The instrument of measurement consists of 24 items, integrating Kessler's K-6 scale, with 6 specific questions on psychological distress referring to symptoms of anxiety and depression in the last month. Four questions on health aspects regarding COVID-19, 8 on healthy distance measures, and 6 on coexistence and habits at home were included. An odds ratio analysis was performed to identify the associated risk of health and coexistence with respect to psychological distress. At each stage, the ethical principles for the research were complied with and the dignity of the participants was respected, as well as the lawful treatment of personal information based on the principles of the current regulatory framework. Results: The 92.6% lived in confinement with family, and the remainder alone or with friends. The 96.2% indicated not having symptoms of COVID. The 44.7% did not have a daily routine, 27.4% went out daily in confinement and 48.3% presented moderate to high and very high levels of psychological distress. A higher risk of presenting psychological distress was identified in women, postgraduate students, belonging to the health and humanities areas, presenting obesity and concern about being infected, not following sanitary measures and presenting any physical discomfort (ORs ranging from 2.05 to 7.02). Discussion and conclusion: As in other populations, the monitoring of confinement measures is not uniform and there is a high proportion of psychological distress in undergraduate and graduate students. It is suggested to serve the population with higher risk with a comprehensive care model that incorporates the educational process, social coexistence and emotional management.

Social coexistence and violence during Turkey’s authoritarian transition

ABSTRACT The recent authoritarian turn and democratic backsliding around the world have raised concerns over increased instability and violent conflicts. Turkey is a striking example of this authoritarian turn with the transition from a multiparty democracy to a competitive authoritarian regime. With seven in-depth case studies from Turkey, this special issue sheds light upon the changing dynamics of violence and social coexistence in countries that experience democratic decline from a transdisciplinary perspective. In this introductory article, we briefly trace the authoritarian transition and societal fault lines in Turkey, discuss the case studies presented in this special issue, and draw out our contribution to the literature.

Possibilities of Applying the Chinese Social Credit System to Combat Terrorism

2011 saw the start of the pilot phase of the Social Credit System. The societies of democratic states interpreted it as an extreme example of human rights violation. In turn, what is usually forgotten is that the SCS is not the first citizen assessment system, because similar systems have been successfully functioning since 1960s in democratic countries. Scientific analyses of SCS operations are usually limited to its negative consequences. There are fewer attempts by governments of democratic states to assess the use of elements of SCS and algorithmic data analysis, for example in order to increase the level of security of citizens. As a result, this article presents the research hypothesis that elements of the SCS may be successfully applied also in democratic states for the purpose of more effective combating of terrorism. With modern methods of analyzing Big Data sets, it is possible, for example, to accelerate recognition of terrorist networks, support identification of sources of radicalization in online communities and increase the effectiveness of anti-terrorist strategies in order to protect citizens against contemporary terrorist threats. For such a system to be as effective as possible, it should take over some assumptions of the SCS which are explained in this article: Firstly, it should be centralized and controlled by the state. Secondly, the information obtained and processed should be used solely for the purposes of the state security policy, i.e. in the scope smaller than in the case of China. Thirdly, the data should be obtained from multiple sources, public and private ones, in order to increase the accuracy of predictions. Fourthly, the violation of the principles of social coexistence might result in specific penalties, and compliance therewith – in rewards.

„Tęczowa zaraza” a niezależność Kościoła i godność człowieka. Uwagi do wyroku Sądu Okręgowego w Krakowie z 8 grudnia 2020 r., sygn. I C 1357/19

In the judgment of 8 December 2020 (file reference number I C 1357/19), the District Court in Kraków dismissed the action for infringement of personal rights and payment against the Archbishop of Kraków. M. Jędraszewski. The reason was his statement during the homily on August 1, 2019 about the threat of a “rainbow plague”. The court found that the statement did not infringe the personal rights of the petitioner. However, it had an objectively insulting and defamatory nature towards LGBT people. It violated their dignity. The court found that the defendant did not act illegally. He referred to the provisions of the Concordat of July 29, 1993. The action of the Archbishop. M. Jędraszewski exceeded the limits of religious freedom. The statement violated the principles of social coexistence. However, the court did not pay heed to his, nor did it keep an equal distance between the parties in the dispute. It expressed the traditional axiology and vision of social life. The only valid argument for dismissing the claim was that the defendant’s statement was not addressed specifically to the claimant.

Interreligious Dialogue Groups Enabling Human Agency

Evidence has shown that interreligious dialogue is one of the paths to build bridges among diverse cultural and religious communities that otherwise would be in conflict. Some literature reflects, from a normative standpoint, on how interreligious dialogue should be authentic and meaningful. However, there is scarce literature on what conditions contribute to this dialogue achieving its desirable goals. Thus, our aim was to examine such conditions and provide evidence of how interreligious dialogue enables human agency. By analyzing the activity of interreligious dialogue groups, we document the human agency they generate, and we gather evidence about the features of the conditions. For this purpose, we studied four interreligious dialogue groups, all affiliated with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Association for Interreligious Dialogue (AUDIR), employing in-depth interviews and discussion groups. In these groups, which operate in diverse and multicultural neighborhoods, local actors and neighbors hold dialogues about diversity issues. In so doing, social coexistence, friendship ties, and advocacy initiatives arise. After analyzing the collected data, we conclude that for interreligious dialogue to result in positive and promising outputs, it must meet some principles of dialogic learning, namely equality of differences, egalitarian dialogue, cultural intelligence, solidarity, and transformation.

Education for tolerance in the context of globalization

The globalization process, which originally dominated only the economic sphere, subsequently led to profound social, political and cultural transformations, having a significant impact on culture and identity. In this context, tolerance is becoming a fundamental source of the peaceful coexistence of multi-ethnic and multicultural societies, facilitating cooperation and avoiding confrontations/ conflicts of values and norms. Education for tolerance has become an effective means of preventing intolerance, propagating an indulgent and constructive way of thinking, expressed by respecting the norms of social coexistence and tolerant behavior.

Purchase behavior in COVID-19: A cross study in Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador

This article explores the critical factors of consumption in Mexico, Ecuador, and Colombia, due to confinement and social distancing. Besides, which are the factors that influence the purchase decision. In the proposed model, we tested from quantitative research with a sample of 2,065 online consumers. We analyzed the following statistics: CFA, structural equations, invariance of measurement instruments, and multi-group analysis with the Smart Pls 3 and EQS 6.3 software. The study reveals that time, space, and place in the consumption process is more visible in the purchasing behavior with social distancing, healthy distance, and the commercial restriction caused by the health contingency. In addition to being a health and humanitarian crisis, the pandemic has severe economic consequences worldwide as 1) the increase in unemployment rates, 2) collapsed health systems, 3) education models overwhelmed by technology, 4) supply chains interrupted by the closure of borders, 5) international and domestic tourism suspended due to a lack of sanitary protocols,6) social coexistence curtailed by significantly increased infections and 7) a decreasing demand by consumers for the closure of companies. Despite being Latin American countries, cultural differences were not the priority of consumption in the crisis period due to Covid-19. They significantly change purchasing behaviors, and all have adapted to online and home delivery purchases by the social factor, local consumption, and consumers' attitude. The article presents several considerations on the main factors of consumption in Covid-19 in collectivist countries (North American and South America) such as Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador and finds no substantial differences with consumers. There are practical implications for companies to adopt online channels and to create sales strategies in the face of the endemic pandemic.

La fiesta, momento vital de la praxis intercultural en los jesuitas Ignacio Ellacuría y Francisco Taborda

The present article shows the contributions of two intellectual Jesuits, Ignacio Ellacuría and Francisco Taborda, who propose the feast or fraternal celebration as an example for a religious interculturality. The text goes from a philosophical proposal, which shows social coexistence as a fundamental, inevitable moment of the living being, to the praxis that makes a mere relationship an experience of recognition and liberation. The study shows the nexus between philosophy and theology, which in many occasions are one single thing in the conceptualization of Latin American traditions. But also, one and indistinguishable discipline, in the case of many Jesuits committed to Our American causes. In particular, we highlight his ideas about the party, a main category in the construction of identity, justice and hope; that, at the same time, are vital moments of reflection and intercultural practice.

La reinserción social post penitenciaria: un reto a la justicia ecuatoriana

Los seres humanos pueden reflejar sus bondades y miserias durante su vida, unas de esas miserias adquiridas por naturaleza o por aprendizaje social, en todo caso destructivas, pueden actuar como hilo conductor al delito. Como defensa contra el delito se crearon las penas y dentro de ellas, la prisión, cuya finalidad es que el ciudadano asuma una serie de valores básicos para la convivencia social en un régimen de democracia y justicia donde se respetan los derechos subjetivos y humanos. Esto significa que la pena debe estar fundamentada en políticas claves para la rehabilitación del individuo y su reinserción normal a la sociedad, lo que requiere un Estado que se preocupe no sólo por fijar las políticas, sino aplicarlas, hacerles seguimiento y evaluarlas para dejarlas, cambiarlas o eliminarlas. La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar si es efectiva la reinserción social del penado en Ecuador, lo que se justifica por las exigencias constitucionales del Estado ecuatoriano. Para dar cumplimiento al objetivo del estudio se aplicó una metodología de carácter cuantitativa y cualitativa (mixta) en la que se unen estudios doctrinales y legales a la aplicación de una encuesta a los internos de la cárcel de Cotopaxi.

O ciclo paradoxal de subinclusão/sobreinclusão/desconfiança na modernidade periférica

O objeto do presente trabalho consiste em analisar a relação entre a assimetria do binômio subinclusão/sobreinclusão e a desconfiança em regiões cuja modernidade é descrita como periférica na teoria dos sistemas sociais. Através de pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica, inicialmente, constatou-se que na sociedade moderna inúmeras expectativas conflitantes exsurgem, cabendo ao direito a generalização congruente das expectativas normativas. A confiança de que as pessoas se comportarão conforme as expectativas institucionalizadas, bem como que o sistema jurídico as reafirmará em caso de frustração, reduz a complexidade social e permite a convivência social. Em seguida, compreendemos que, em regiões periféricas, a desdiferenciação social promove assimetria entre subincluídos e sobreincluídos. Os direitos fundamentais não possuem, nesse sentido a efetividade e eficácia suficientes para promover a inclusão generalizada das pessoas no sistema jurídico e político. Como resultado, apoiando a pesquisa bibliográfica com uma pesquisa quantitativa, verificou-se um ciclo paradoxal entre desconfiança e subinclusão/sobreinclusão em regiões periféricas da modernidade, o que compromete a concretização de direitos fundamentais e sua função inclusiva.

El uso expresivo de los posesivos en tres dialectos venezolanos.

In this research, I analyze five use of the first-person singular possessive, typical of Spanish spoken in Venezuela: alternation in nominal context (mi casa ~ la casa mía), alternation in adverbial context (delante de mí ~ mío), alternation in verbal context (se burla de mí~mío, una casa hecha mía ~ por mí), redundant possessive (mi casa mía) and ponderative possessive (me compró mi casa). I study the cases in the dialects of three cities (Caracas, Maracaibo, Mérida) and I present the results in two parts; in the first, I statistically analyze the possessive in nominal context (mixed effects and conditional trees) to determine if the forms are conditioned by linguistic and social factors; in the second, I describe the other cases –less abundant in the sample– to specify their occurrence and establish the expressive character of their pragmatic use. The results show that: i. the semantic relationships of social coexistence and self-realization, the attribute function, and low-level adult speakers favor the use of the postnominal stressed forms; ii. in contrast, emphatic possessives (postadverbial, appreciative, ponderative, and redundant) are more common in young Caracas speakers and their use constitutes an effective strategy to give expressive enhancement to the statement.

IMMEDIATE PROSTHESIS:

The immediate total prosthesis is a device made before the exodontia and is installed soon after the accomplishment of the same ones. Faced with a situation in which the patient encounters the remaining condemned teeth, many resist to remain edentulous while awaiting the healing phase for the manufacture of a conventional total prosthesis; thus, the total immediate prosthesis becomes an ally in these cases, promoting the return of aesthetics, phonetics, chewing and social coexistence. Through a literature review, this work aims to clarify the pertinent issues of the immediate total dentures, where they were presented their classifications, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications, technique of making this prosthetic device, besides post-installation care. Searches were made in the databases Scielo, Medline, Bireme, Google academic, Capes and books; using the key words: immediate total prosthesis; immediate oral rehabilitation; oral surgery and selected articles between the years 2009 to 2019. It was possible to conclude that the advantages of the rehabilitation with immediate prosthesis are very evident, being thus an advantageous alternative of treatment.

A unidade na diversidade em Paulo Freire: avanços para a transformação educacional

In this article, we relate the concept of unity in diversity, developed by Paulo Freire, to educational actions that promote both academic achievement and improvement in social coexistence in diversity. Initially, we present key concepts elaborated by the author in different publications and we emphasize its relevance. Subsequently, we highlight the concept of unity in diversity and how it underpins Successful Educational Actions (SEA) for Youth and Adult Education, based on the results of a qualitative case study, developed between 2014 and 2016. Finally, we highlight the way that the theory and the comprehension that Paulo Freire offers us remains alive and current, mainly by demonstrating the history that has been built by men and women in favor of humanization and democratic education.

Securitas libertatis – Dialektik von Freiheit und Sicherheit im Zeichen der Pandemie

The question of the relationship between freedom and security is characteristic of the discourse in times of crisis. In the coronavirus pandemic, too, society is faced with the challenge of how a democratic order can overcome the security crisis while preserving its fundamental principles, such as individual freedom as a highest value. This article explores this question. Following Axel Honneth, it is based on a social concept of freedom, which understands a social coexistence of people in security as essential for freedom in general. Freedom and security are interpreted dialectically and are accordingly not regarded as bipolar opposites, but as a unity. Considering deontological and consequentialist approaches, the text simultaneously assumes a primacy of social freedom. This is due to its dialectical nature. Because of its social character, freedom also implies mutual responsibility between individuals.

Question of Values

When we talk about values, we immediately think this refers to ethics, but we could start with its basic definitions. As for example the so-called universals are the principles; thus justice, honor, honesty, peace among many others are usually respected by the common people as universal principles, correct and appropriate for social coexistence, and not necessarily all those that respect a scale of values, They respect the principles, because in gangsters they have scales of values to coexist as groups but with the difference that they disrespect all principles.

La primacía de los derechos sociales relacionados con un nivel de vida adecuado: una reivindicación (in)esperada de la pandemia

Este trabajo se propone mostrar cómo la pandemia originada por el COVID-19 ha provocado el replanteamiento de la mirada liberal de los derechos humanos que venía invalidando ya todo discurso acerca de su interdependencia e indivisibilidad. Al legitimar la limitación de ciertas libertades, a la vez que se ponderaba la urgencia de asegurar un nivel de vida adecuado para todos, la particular situación de emergencia mostró la postergación de la cual los derechos sociales vienen siendo objeto en el modelo jurídico vigente desde la Modernidad. La primacía y fundamentalidad de los derechos relacionados con un nivel de vida adecuado se ha postergado por un derecho que los dio por presupuestos. La situación de crisis presenta una nueva oportunidad para su reivindicación, en cuanto condición de realización de cualquier otro derecho, de cualquier convivencia social.

Changing the attitudes of high school students towards intellectual disabilities: the contribution of a social coexistence programme

AbstractStudents’ attitudes towards peers with intellectual disabilities are mostly negative, and negative attitudes appear more among secondary education students than any other age group. Social coexistence programmes are intervention programmes implemented by school psychologists to manage and change negative attitudes and enforce social interaction with students with disabilities. The research sample consisted of 193 public high school students in Greece who were given the Chedoke–McMaster Attitudes Toward Children with Handicaps (CATCH) Scale. The study aimed to explore whether there is a change in the attitudes of high school students towards peers with intellectual disabilities after participation in a social coexistence programme. The findings showed that students who participated in the programme had more positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities after the completion of the programme. The above findings confirm the research on the possibility of changing attitudes of secondary school students towards peers with disabilities and reinforce the need for the systematic development of social coexistence programmes for the entire student population. Future research should focus on the benefits of students with disabilities from their participation in social coexistence programmes.