Social Coexistence Research Articles

Peaceful Coexistence between Muslims and the Chinese ( The 3rd Century – 8th Century A.H. / 9rd Century – 14th Century AC.)

Mankind knew peaceful coexistence from time immorial although it was not used as a term in the old periods and they have simiarlities that brought them together. This does not happen if there is no mutual coexistence.Today, the issue of coexistence is one of the most important issues that preoccupy the minds of Muslim and western thinkers and specialists. Muslims and non-Muslims have felt the importance of it. There are frequent calls which ask for good coexistence. Therefore, the topic of peaceful coexistence between Muslims and the Chinese focuses on the necessity of human coexistence. This is required of human society to achieve balance and to strive any difference. Muslims have behaved in a civilized manner, which affected many Chinese people and led them to embrace Islam. In fact Muslims and the Chinese presented a good example of peaceful coexistence and understanding the other at that time. The research comprises an introduction and four sections. The first section examines the concept of coexistence linguistically and terminologically. The second section tackles the peaceful political coexistence. The peaceful economic coexistence is given an account in the third section. Th research ends with the peaceful social coexistence in addition to a conclusion that mentions the findings of the research.

On Waiver of Demands and Needs Analysis in Insurance Distribution

The Polish Insurance Distribution Act implementing the IDD Directive imposed on all insurance distributors a duty to ascertain customers’ demands and needs on the basis of information obtained from them. Legal doctrine holds that the distributor shall not refuse to conclude the insurance contract if the customer does not provide relevant information. Some authors claim that the refusal to provide a distributor with relevant information is tantamount to the customer’s waiver of demands and needs analysis. The article criticises not only this viewpoint but also practices developed by some insurance distributors who persuade their clients to sign the standard waiver form. According to the author, distributors should explain to their clients the importance of the demand and needs test rather than try to release themselves from the obligation to carry out such an analysis. In the author’s opinion, the refusal to provide the distributor with certain information may release him from the liability for failing to ensure that the insurance contract meets the customer’s demands and needs only in respect of this particular piece of information. Persuading the client to sign the standard waiver form without trying to elicit the relevant information should be treated as contrary to law or principles of social coexistence (good commercial practices). In such a situation, the client’s signature will not produce any legal effects.

Consumer Facing Artificial Intelligence Challenges in the Insurance Market

The Polish Insurance Distribution Act implementing the IDD Directive imposed on all insurance distributors a duty to ascertain customers’ demands and needs on the basis of information obtained from them. Legal doctrine holds that the distributor shall not refuse to conclude the insurance contract if the customer does not provide relevant information. Some authors claim that the refusal to provide a distributor with relevant information is tantamount to the customer’s waiver of demands and needs analysis. The article criticises not only this viewpoint but also practices developed by some insurance distributors who persuade their clients to sign the standard waiver form. According to the author, distributors should explain to their clients the importance of the demand and needs test rather than try to release themselves from the obligation to carry out such an analysis. In the author’s opinion, the refusal to provide the distributor with certain information may release him from the liability for failing to ensure that the insurance contract meets the customer’s demands and needs only in respect of this particular piece of information. Persuading the client to sign the standard waiver form without trying to elicit the relevant information should be treated as contrary to law or principles of social coexistence (good commercial practices). In such a situation, the client’s signature will not produce any legal effects.

La idea de persona y dignidad humana

Partiendo de distintas racionalidades parciales que, en diferentes pasajes de la historia, han aportado a la idea de persona y dignidad humana, en este artículo se profundiza en lo que significa ser persona, en el sentido de la dignidad que le es propia. Se reflexiona así sobre el puesto que le corresponde en una sociedad justa, a la altura de nuestro tiempo, con las consecuencias que se derivan de ello, particularmente para la moral, la política y el derecho. Un cierto tipo de sociedad donde cada persona pueda encontrar las condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo de todas las dimensiones de su humanidad y vivir de manera armoniosa en comunidad y con el resto de la naturaleza. Estamos ante una reflexión que busca contribuir a que el ser humano pueda desarrollarse plenamente, con su esfuerzo, pero con el apoyo de los demás. Un modo de convivencia social donde la democracia y el Estado de Derecho se presentan, junto con los derechos fundamentales, como las formas de organización jurídico-políticas más acordes con la dignidad humana, con los objetivos de racionalización y humanización que se persiguen para construir y fortalecer una sociedad justa.

Social Capital and Civic Engagement in Times Of Tension: An Evidence from Interethnic Relation Developed in Stella Maris Credit Union Pontianak, West Kalimantan

This paper begins by questioning the sustainability of civic engagement with the notion of ‘social capital’ as the key concept of Peace and Conflict Studies. The main question is: to what extent does socio-political tension affect forms of civic engagement? This paper examines interethnic relations (Dayak, Malay, Chinese, and Javanese) developed in the Stella Maris Credit Union (SMCU) in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia under the context of ethnic tension. SMCU is a microfinance association where people with various backgrounds (religion, race, and ethnicity) interact in an economic community, sharing benefits and values. In the beginning, SMCU was initiated as an economic program of Stella Maris Catholic Church in North Pontianak. This church did not only serve the church members, but also for all ethnicities and religions through Pontianak. As a site drastically impacted by ethnic conflict in the post-Suharto era, Pontianak recently has been growing as a city of ethnic diversity. However, the recent rise of ethnic tension has contested this growing multiethnic coexistence. It is important to see the strength of civic engagement in responding to issues of conflict in a multiethnic society. This study explores SMCU members and their personal experiences, wondering whether the tension may or may not affect the forms of civic engagement. It argues civic engagement can sustain under the moment of socio-political tension. Developing economy and peace education are the main reasons for interethnic relations among SMCU members. Moreover, although there are treats for the plural society, experiencing diversity in the form of associational and neighborhood relations contributes to social coexistence. This study finds that forms of civic engagement among the members shape expressions and attitudes of resilience in facing social tension.

La salud y su cuidado como relación cultural intersubjetiva: reflexión fenomenológica en Schütz

El objetivo del presente ensayo fue reflexionar en torno a la salud y cuidado como relación cultural intersubjetiva, retomando algunos conceptos de Alfred Schütz como intersubjetividad, cultura y mundo de la vida. La salud comprende un significado objetivo y a la vez uno subjetivo, su cuidado dependerá de la conciencia de las personas y su intencionalidad; además se determina también por una conciencia colectiva. Se destaca el papel de la cultura como una forma de comunicación relacional entre seres humanos y entre varios conocimientos que dependen de las formas de vida que se mantienen por generaciones y que siguen teniendo diversas formas de vivencia de la salud. Se concluye que la salud debe ser un valor en un sentido ampliamente estricto, donde se considere la perspectiva social y la recreación de significados en torno a la vivencia; es decir, la convivencia social otorga significados que son visibles en la vida cotidiana. Es imperante para los profesionales de enfermería y de la salud integrar la cultura como una forma de acercamiento al cuidado de la salud.

RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS, POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA, ESTADO DE DERECHO, Y GEOPOLÍTICA: PASADO Y PRESENTE

RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS, POLÍTICA EDUCATIVA, ESTADO DE DERECHO, Y GEOPOLÍTICA: PASADO Y PRESENTE

Alfândega Square: The Place of Plurality

The present article is based upon a master’s degree Dissertation entitled “Alfândega Square: a place of places”. Subject to the current work is the Alfândega square, located in the historic portion of downtown Porto Alegre, the capital of the Federal State Rio Grande do Sul. The square is composed by distinct parts: Lugar de Memória (the place of memories), Lugar de Entorno (the place of ambience), Lugar de Pluralidade (the place of plurality) and Lugar de Evento (the place of events). With these different places highlighting the various dimensions of public places in metropolises, using the Alfândega square as the study subject raises some relevant questions about how much a public space can change throughout its existence. It can be affirmed that in this mosaic of social representations, vicinal territories and symbols comprise an important locus for the analysis of the urban space, since it presents itself for social forms’ multiple spaces of material survival and social coexistence. For this reason, the study of the Alfândega square is also an investigation about contemporary urban phenomena and their multiple and emerging social practices that are modified by the influence of external factors in the city. This article has its emphasis on the place of plurality, remembering the profile of regular visitors in the past and comparing it with present-day users. The non-participating observation methodology was used to analyse regular visitors of this public space. Visits to the square where carried out in different periods of time during the two years of study. As a result of these visits, a series of territorial maps were created, depicting the territories of the regular to the square.

Study of Social Organization for the Use of Firewood Heating in Zones Where Polluting Material is Generated in the City of Temuco, Araucanía Region, Chile

Temuco, capital of the Araucanía Region of Chile, presents the highest indices of pollution by smoke from wood-burning heating stoves in the country, specifically during the southern winter. Firewood combustion is the cheapest heating fuel available to the population of Temuco, and has resulted in considerable contamination in the city. There has been an large increase in the city’s population, while the winter months from April to September have been growing colder. The problem affects the whole population, and especially children and the elderly. The pollution indices present serious levels. The evening and night are the worst times to be outside, due to both poor visibility and the toxicity of the environment. This situation is a social problem which has not been fully investigated. More seriously still, the people of Temuco do not display particular concern about their collective health or about protecting the environment from the smoke produced by wood-burning stoves. In view of this serious problem, the present article proposes a strategic design for information and social organisation by sectors in the city’s residential districts, in order to generate awareness and communication in the community. The strategic guidelines are drawn with special emphasis on visual communication, in both printed and digital format, in order to organise social groups of people motivated to solve the pollution problem. The central object of this proposal is to offer a strategic model able to generate collective awareness to support and help the city’s housing estates and residential zones. Connection between community members, empathy and social assistance will be basic aspects for the functioning of the strategy when it is applied. Finally the proposal contemplates social organisation in pursuit of the common good: protecting the local environment, improving people’s quality of life, and promoting social coexistence in housing estates and communities affected by the problem of pollution by smoke from wood-burning stoves.

Educación Socioemocional: Descripción y Evaluación de un Programa de Capacitación de Profesores

The objective of this article is to describe a professional teacher’s development program in socioemotional education and present some results of its impact in the self-esteem of students. It was executed in 12 subsidized private schools that attend economic vulnerable students from Preschool (4 years old) to High School (17 years old) and belong to an Educational Foundation in Santiago, Chile. It was executed the years 2007-2017, in training cycles of two years in each school. The most important topics that were addressed in the training given by experts, through theoretical sessions, workshops and educational materials, were defined with the schools. For example: Socioemotional learning in the school context; Variables that help to the construction of identity and positive self-esteem; Contribution of neurodiversity to socioemotional development; Resilience and socioemotional learning; School climate and social coexistence; Bullying and socioemotional development; Socioemotional learning and teacher well-being.The implementation of this program is described, emphasizing the value of socioemotional learning, how to develop competences in this area and how to insert it into the school context. Data are provided of 2,865 students evaluated pre-post intervention.

Gdy różnice istnieją jedna obok drugiej. Wychowywanie do różnorodności jako wyzwanie szkolnej polonistyki

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie warunków koniecznego dziś otwarcia procesów edukacyjnych na integrację z zewnątrz, która modyfikuje znaczenie poczucia tożsamości wspólnotowej. Procesy te dotyczą zachowań społecznych w określonych przestrzeniach symbolicznych świata wielokulturowego i obejmują: postawę szacunku dla wartości społeczno-politycznych, akceptację praw i obowiązków jednostki wobec państwa oraz organizacji międzynarodowych oraz zasad odpowiedzialnego współżycia społecznego. Potrzeba nauki życia w świecie pełnym różnic sprawia, że wychowanie międzykulturowe na każdym etapie kształcenia musi zająć miejsce ważne pośród zadań edukacyjnych szkoły, także szkoły wyższej. Argumentacja wpisana została w dyskurs nad istotą tożsamości inkluzywnej, zorientowanej w najnowszych badaniach regionalistycznych i podkreśla zagadnienia tolerancji, akceptacji Innego, dialogu międzykulturowego. Formułuje się również warunki wprowadzenia różnicy kulturowej do „własnego myślenia”. Autorka artykułu przedstawia praktyczne możliwości wykorzystywania na lejcach w szkole podstawowej i średniej literatury z kręgu kulturowych zderzeń. Ukierunkowanie na komparacje – porównywanie tekstów literackich (i zjawisk) z różnych obszarów kulturowych, dotyczą możliwych na lekcja polskiego przykładów malarstwa, rzeźby, architektury czy muzyki, Taka nauka prowadzi uczniów przez różne obszary graniczne czy sfery „pomiędzy” i dzięki temu może służyć kreatywnemu myśleniu o kulturze swojej i innych. Idee międzykulturowe jako integralny składnik wychowania kulturowego współczesnego ucznia każdego poziomu edukacji nie ma bowiem dzisiaj alternatywy.

Disability & Diversity studies as a professional basis for diversity-aware education and training in medicine.

The “Disability and Diversity Studies“ (DDS) are research fields which, similar to social work, deal with social inclusion and exclusion processes. Dimensions of disability and diversity can lead to disadvantages and inequalities in the individual life and social coexistence of people. The DDS examine these inequalities and identify intersectional relationships between diversity categories. The concept of intersectionality opens up the view of the restriction of diversities, which can lead to the intensification of inequalities and multiple discriminations: e. g., in the case of being a woman and member of an ethnic minority. The starting point is therefore not the difference category per se, but the intersection of several categories [5]. This knowledge of categorizing classification and exclusion in their intersectionality is fundamental for the dissolution of social, societal, political and economic inequality. The DDS bachelor's program at the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, which combines Disability and Diversity Studies, focuses on these research areas and develops practical solutions.In medical education and training, too, it is essential that teachers and students, but also patients, recognise the complex interrelationships of divergences in medical practice and the resulting stigma that must be removed. The DDS can serve as a basis for taking these interrelationships into account, for incorporating creative approaches to solutions and a diversity-sensitive attitude into the doctor-patient relationship and medical treatment. For example, the first and so far only World Report on Disability from 2011 noted a still existing negative infiltration of doctor-patient-interactions through stigmatization of persons with disabilities and deviations. Misunderstandings, lack of knowledge and wrong presettings can endanger the treatment [32].In order to create the framework conditions for an appropriate consideration of diversity and disability in the program, it is necessary to impart six core competencies to prospective physicians [20]: If possible, this should always be designed in the respective training courses of all health care professions in a patient-centred manner, across all occupational groups and under the premise “nothing for us without us“ [1]. This corresponds to the principles of Disability Studies.

ГРОМАДСЬКІ ТРАДИЦІЇ ДОЗВІЛЛЯ І СПІЛКУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ СЕЛЯН У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ (ЗА ЕКСПЕДИЦІЙНИМИ МАТЕРІАЛАМИ)

Socio-normative life of Ukrainians of the 20th – the beginning of the 21th centuries, that covers aspects of management, self-organization and formation of public institutions, mutual assistance and leisure, regulation of behavior, is a poorly studied topic in ethnological science. During the establishment of the Soviet system, which completely changed the traditional way of life of Ukrainian peasants, a major transformation of the customs of public life took place. Following Ukraine’s independence, modern social normative practices were developing according to the requirements of the new legislation. As the result, nowadays there is a considerable urgency to investigate the specifics and changes that have taken place in public life in the Ukrainian villages in the second half of the 20th – early 21th centuries. In the new socio-economic and national-religious contexts, despite the changes in industrial relations and socio-professional composition of the rural population, the system of traditional social life in Ukraine was able to maintain positive and well-considered skills of social coexistence, forms of daily and festive leisure, as well as the moral and ethical standards of people’s coexistence. The article on the materials of expeditions to Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Zakarpattya, Odessa, Kharkiv regions analyzes the preservation and peculiarities of transformation of traditional social forms of leisure and communication of peasants during the second half of the 20th – early 21th centuries. The types and places of daily (customs of «calling for freshness», «going for liver», mutual assistance, evening meetings) and festive (during the temple holiday, mutual guests, youth entertainment, celebration of the village holiday) leisure of the village community are revealed. Most of the information was recorded on evening meetings. They are a socio-everyday entity that organically combines entertainment and work elements. Usually, the main guideline for their conducting was hand work (spinning, embroidery, sewing), accompanied by songs and entertainment. The made records give a certain idea of the contemporary collective customs and traditions of Ukrainians in rural areas, especially of interpersonal relations in the Ukrainian peasant environment of today. The common belief among the respondents is that some changes in people’s behavior are manifested by a decrease in interest in communication than before (reciprocal guest-houses between the villagers have become a rarity – they only gather on holidays). Today, the customs of collective mutual assistance (in case of distress or distress in one of the villagers) are still preserved among the rural population.

FROM IDEOLOGY TO HATE SPEECH AND THE PROBLEM OF EURO-AMERICAN WHITE SUPREMACIST EXTREMISM

This article analyzes the relation between ignorance and extremism, and the proposed process, which transforms the ignorance into hate speech the elite uses to achieve their political goals. This type of analysis continues to become more urgent as fascism and ethnonationalism gain popularity in Western societies and in their politics. The article analyzes the definitions of ideology and ideological consistency presented by several academics to understand how extremist ideologies manage to get individuals engaged, and to propose a definition of ideology and extremism. The analysis of manifestos written by two American white supremacist terrorists, who in 2019 murdered twenty-three people in the US are included to demonstrate the relation between the lack of legislation for protecting freedom of speech, ignorance, and the commission of violent deadly attacks on innocents. The conclusion exposes the necessity of legislation that protects freedom of speech and a healthy social coexistence, as well as education and critical thinking skills to avoid the emergence of Euro-American white supremacist extremism. This theoretical and documental research might be used by academics working on ideology and political extremism in Western countries, as well as by policymakers trying to understand the phenomenon of white supremacist extremism.

Termination of the contract without notification of the employee

The article considers the grounds for termination of the employment contract without notifying the employees of the pipeline. The contractual employment relationship may be terminated by termination at the will of the parties or one of the parties as a result of the relevant legal act that performs them, or termination by law, regardless of the will of the parties. Based on Art. 30 p. 1 pp. 1-3 of the Labor Code, contractual employment may be terminated by performing one of the following legal actions committed by one of the parties to the employment relationship: agreement to terminate the employment contract, termination of employment contract and termination without notice. It is also emphasized that an employment contract concluded for a probationary period or for a definite period is terminated after the end of the period for which it was concluded. The employer's actions aimed at discrediting and harming the employee's personal rights in response to the permitted and constructive criticism of the director of the workplace against the unfavorable decisions of the founding body or the owner may be qualified as a serious breach of the employee's basic obligations. employment contract without notice through the fault of the employer. Other obligations that the employer may violate in relation to the employee are: the obligation to ensure safe and hygienic working conditions, all obligations related to social insurance, obligations related to the principles of social coexistence.

Importancia de las relaciones interpersonales en la satisfacción en el trabajo

Among the fundamental conditions of the human being considered for optimal performance at work are social interpersonal relationships. These are an essential part of psychological stability and the work environment. From a biological perspective, the human being is diligently dependent on communication and social coexistence. It is essential to survive the social need to be productive and work in functions that allow you to sustain yourself and give to others, this forms the labor relations. This is where the optimal development and capacity is measured within the assigned jobs that you have within the work environment. The variables measure with quality standards and objectively emotional indexes generated within the work. The objective of this non-experimental, quantitative research is to analyze how interpersonal relationships impact on job satisfaction, since that is where the conditions create feelings of pleasure, attachment or investment, reflecting personal and work success. Here we show innovation factors that impact the sense of work belonging based on experiences of workers and within the environment, which generate feelings of well-being and satisfaction that impact good work performance.

MUSLIM MORALITY AS FOUNDATION FOR SOCIAL HARMONY

The argument inherent in this study is that the Islamic framework on social coexistence and harmony stipulates moral capital as a bridge for community’s inter-connectivity, interaction, and development, and that, for Muslims, morals act as an effective catalyst for constructing social coexistence and harmony. This study discusses the concept of Islamic social ethics and moral development in the context of society, followed by an inquiry into the ways and means according to which Muslim ethics may contribute and sustain social rapprochement, mutual support and social justice. The study aims to identify the prevalent framework for Muslim social morality, which can be of benefit to effective social policy, increasing civic engagement, developing an inclusive universal moral education, or furthering multicultural tolerance. Using textual approach, this study shows how Islam capitalizes on individual and collective morality towards the effective engineering of sustainable communities’ relations and development. Further empirical studies on the contribution of Muslim morals in lieu of fortifying community development and social harmony would contribute to the way of elucidating the Muslim projection of theoretical moral ideals in real life conditions as well as tracing the convergences and divergences between Muslim theory and practices with regards to the application of morals to personal and communal settings, and more importantly in our context the shaping of communities’ rapprochement, co-existence and harmony.

LA CULTURA IN LOMBARDIA NELL’ETÀ TERESIANA

The first half of the 18th century, in a way, is a period of preparation, ending with two facts that will soon acquire a considerable symbolic significance: the death of Ludovico Antonio Muratori and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. In Milan, Muratori’s legacy mainly lies in the historical studies, but it can also be seen in the project of an increasingly strong interaction between culture and society. The new intellectual generation, gathering around the periodical “Il Caffè”, adds to what Muratori had taught the explosive mixture of novelties from the transalpine countries, first of all, Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie, and the revolutionary place it gives to ‘practice’ within the hierarchy of knowledge. “Il Caffè”, and works such as On Crimes and Punishments, Meditations on Happiness, and Observations on Torture, but even Parini’s civil poetry, hand down to the following century a multifarious reflection on justice, social coexistence, and improvement of mankind, which will become deeply rooted in the collective consciousness, thus reducing the 17th-century gap between Italy and Europe regarding science.

LA CULTURA IN LOMBARDIA NELL’ETÀ TERESIANA

The first half of the 18th century, in a way, is a period of preparation, ending with two facts that will soon acquire a considerable symbolic significance: the death of Ludovico Antonio Muratori and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. In Milan, Muratori’s legacy mainly lies in the historical studies, but it can also be seen in the project of an increasingly strong interaction between culture and society. The new intellectual generation, gathering around the periodical “Il Caffè”, adds to what Muratori had taught the explosive mixture of novelties from the transalpine countries, first of all, Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie, and the revolutionary place it gives to ‘practice’ within the hierarchy of knowledge. “Il Caffè”, and works such as On Crimes and Punishments, Meditations on Happiness, and Observations on Torture, but even Parini’s civil poetry, hand down to the following century a multifarious reflection on justice, social coexistence, and improvement of mankind, which will become deeply rooted in the collective consciousness, thus reducing the 17th-century gap between Italy and Europe regarding science.

Narcotráfico y desarrollo político en el México contemporáneo

Este artículo presenta el narcotráfico como un problema multidimensional ya que afecta a una amplia panorámica de delitos y perturba la convivencia social a la vez que atenta contra las raíces del propio estado, debilitando las estructuras de poder, corrompiéndolas y haciendo cada vez más difícil la separación entre la legalidad y la industria de la droga. A partir de esta premisa se analiza la evolución del narcotráfico en México y la relación existente entre el mismo y el poder político así como su efecto en cuestiones como los derechos humanos. Finalmente se ofrecen algunas reflexiones sobre las posibles soluciones.