Military Translation Research Articles

Minimal speech cell of military translation study in the Arabic-Russian language combination

The article proposes an approach in the standardization of “minimal translation cell” concept in Russian translation theory and translation practice in the scope of consecutive translation. The results of the theoretical study were confirmed by practical translation experience gained in operational conditions of military-professional communication abroad. The core itinerary of description and standardizing of translation units in German-Russian and Romance-Russian languages configurations proposed earlier by Russian and foreign translation scientists are projected in this paper onto the Arabic-Russian language combination. The author applies an approach of explication the translation units nature by the method of describing the characteristic of their minimal partibility value. An attempt has been made to trace the regularities of the minimal translation cells selection in live speech situations of military communication, despite their inherent alternativeness. Experienced in military translating practice the models of communicative translation strategies such as a source texts segmentation into the smallest translation cells are represented. In this regard, the article makes it reasonable to implementing the concept of "minimal translation cell" into the theory and practice of translation. The initiative of training entry-level Arabic language military interpreters in the strategy of selecting final partibility reference units from the source texts, i.e. the shortest speech syntagms containing the key points of the messages. In this paper, the author considers it necessary to place additional emphasis on the most important characteristic of translation process in the military professional communication as the translation legitimacy, which obliges the military interpreter to carry out legitimate translation actions while understanding of the consequences of unintentional errors and possible distortions of military data in combat environment.

PECULIARITIES OF THE MILITARY TERMINOLOGY RENDERING INTO UKRAINIAN

Objective. The objective of the article is a study of the peculiarities of reproducing military terminology into Ukrainian. Methods. Solving the tasks is carried out by means of such methods as: methods of theoretical research – analytical review, generalisation and specification; methods of empirical research – observation, comparison, analogy and comparative analysis; methods of linguistic research – comparative; methods of structural analysis; comparative linguistic method. Results. One of the defining features of military translation is its requirement for accuracy and precision. In military affairs, even the slightest misinterpretation or mistranslation can have dire consequences. Whether it is a tactical order on the battlefield, a diplomatic agreement, or intelligence reports, the integrity of the translated content is paramount. A translation error in a military context can jeopardize personnel safety, mission success, or even national security. Special terminology is another feature of military translation. Features of the reproduction of military terminology cover a wide range of tasks, each of which determines the uniqueness of this field. The first and main challenge lies in the diversity and complexity of the terminology itself. Military language is full of technical terms, abbreviations, slang, and jargon that can be confusing to those unfamiliar with these intricacies. In this regard, one of the key features of the reproduction of military terminology is the need for a deep understanding of the subject by linguists and specialists. Their language skills must be complemented by a deep understanding of military tactics, equipment, procedures and culture. Cultural sensitivity is another challenge that distinguishes military terminology from other fields of linguistics. The same military term can have radically different connotations in different cultures and languages. Understanding these subtleties is essential to preventing diplomatic blunders and ensuring respectful and effective communication in a multinational context. This is an extraordinary challenge that goes beyond simple linguistic expertise, requiring deep knowledge of global cultures and their complex intersection with military operations. The translational aspect of military terminology adds another layer of complexity to its reproduction, because it is not fully researched. That is why, when applying the universal model to specific military texts, translators should focus on maintaining the appropriate style and adequately conveying the vocabulary of the analysed terminology.

Роль несобственно лексикографической ситуации в развитии функциональной теории лексикографии (на примере специализированных словарей в ситуации обучения военному английскому языку)

The research aims to identify the features of the military sublanguage in the system of the English language from the perspective of the functional theory of lexicography and determine the role of a user learning military English and a non-lexicographic situation created by him when compiling dictionaries. The paper reveals the tasks of theoretical lexicography under a non-lexicographic situation (the study of military English and military translation) and dwells on the needs of a specialized dictionary user that arise in such a situation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first to determine the influence of a specific user type and a non-lexicographic situation he creates (the study of military English and military translation) on the process of compiling a military translation dictionary, including e-dictionaries. As a result, it was substantiated that the functional theory of lexicography should be developed through the analysis of corpora-related situations (including non-lexicographic situations linked to teaching a foreign language for specific purposes). The author proves the need to create e-dictionaries for military translation, whose corpora will be based on the texts that take into account students’ communication-oriented and cognitive-oriented needs.

Лингвопереводческие особенности интернациональной лексики военной тематики

Introduction. In the military domain, the interpreter plays a very important role, since it is the interpreter, who sometimes determines an adequate assessment of the situation, as well as awareness of the enemy’s plans. The meanings of words encountered in everyday communication may be quite different in military texts, and therefore the translator is required to be well trained in military translation. The relevance of this research lies in the study of the specifics of international military vocabulary. When translating military texts, the translator encounters internationalisms related to the names and tactical and technical characteristics of weapons and equipment. Military translation requires the utmost precision of concepts while preserving informativeness. Covering the problems of translation of internationalisms and «translator’s false friends» allow us to reveal the peculiarities of their functioning in the texts on military topics and to determine the ways of their translation. Materials and methods. In the work such methods were used as a component analysis to establish the semantic components of the lexical units, a comparative-comparative analysis, which involves comparing the contextual units as a result of analyzing the German and Russian language materials, the method of continuous sampling and quantitative calculations, descriptive-analytical, contextual analysis methods, which constitute a comprehensive method of text interpretation. The material of the study was an online dictionary of concepts and terms of the German armed forces, presented on the specialized German-language Internet site of the German armed forces. Analysis. The compositional structure of a military text is determined by its volume and genre. Military-technical texts include various kinds of instructions on types of military equipment and weapons, descriptions of new weapon models and instructions on the operation of equipment. These texts are characterized by such features as the presence of military-technical terminology of the narrow field of military affairs, the presence of pictures, drawings, diagrams, neutral tone of narration. Results. Military texts are a kind of official-business style of speech, characterized by the prescriptive-duty character of speech, its non-personal nature, accuracy, logic, objectivity, clarity, formality, stereotyping, concreteness, generalization, rigor, as well as a special set of clichés and terms. In the texts on military subjects’ various types of internationalisms are widely represented: single-word names, abbreviations, nominative word combinations, term elements. The advantage of the international vocabulary is its brevity and ease of use, its translation by transliteration or transcription, in most cases also its unambiguity.

НАПРЯМИ ТА УМОВИ ВИРІШЕННЯ АКТУАЛЬНИХ ПИТАНЬ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬК В УМОВАХ ДІЇ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ

LSF is interpreted quite ambiguously within Ukrainian scientific discourse. The term lacks clarity in delineating a single meaning, systematic use and pronounced tendency towards ambiguity within the sectoral (philological-pedagogical and military-pedagogical) conceptual field. Currently, LSF covers completely communicative and functional spectrum related to the military area. However, they primarily mean studies of military translation and Ukrainian military's foreign language training (especially in English). The aim of the present research is to outline the actual concerns and concepts of the linguistic support for forces (LSF) throughout the wartime, to outline the tasks of the LSF in the focus of present events in Ukraine and, in particular, in the educational process of the military in the state of full-scale war. In addition, there is a purpose to focus on those topical questions of the LSF, which have arisen or acquired aggravation with the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war confrontation. It was found that war always has a worldwide global essence. Even though it is concentrated locally in geographical dimension (like in Ukraine). Therefore, in the paradigm of up-to-date war events and their effects, language as an instrument of understanding and cooperating between various participants of war has a wide range of extremely important functions. Especially while speaking about foreign languages, which play an indispensable operating and strategic, additionally also ideological role in war narratives. The works of prominent scientists on the subject of LSF identifies promising directions for the improvement of LSF in Ukraine. They were analyzed in the article. The significance of implementing special computer technics and software into the LSF field was highlighted. This would fasten the process of working out the large layers of information and allows having quick essential communication in a timely manner. Under the conditions of martial law adequate messaging is necessary. Whether in real time or under situations of remote (asynchronous) communicative interaction. In the field of foreign language training of the military as one of the fundamental problem of LSF as a discipline and field of knowledge, it has been observed that the tendencies to train the military in an authentic foreign language environment are maintained. The very format of such acquisition of foreign language competences appears in current literature (scientific, special, in the documentation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, etc.) as the most advantageous for successful language training of military personnel. In addition, learning in reliable foreign language surroundings contributes to compliance with NATO canons.

Іншомовне середовище навчання для курсантів вищих військових навчальних закладів: особливості формування в умовах інформатизації

The article is focused on the peculiarities of creating a foreign language learning environment for cadets of higher military educational institutions in terms of informatization. It has been determined that basis for the formation of a foreign language learning environment are of strategic importance for the development of cadets’ personality, as they are aimed at interaction, communication, and cooperation. Various aspects of the organization of a foreign language learning environment in higher military educational institutions and the processes of modern education in the context of new means of acquiring knowledge, strengthening of domestic and international communication in the educational and scientific sphere, creation of new educational content and new forms of education have been characterized. On the example of the organization of the Department of Foreign Languages and Military Translation of the Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy (Lviv), the organizational features of the foreign language learning environment have been simulated and the directions of cadets’ language training have been determined – Foreign Language for Professional Purposes and Military Special Language Training.

Профессиональная языковая подготовка военных переводчиков: коммуникативные технологии

Introduction. Communicative technologies are one of the most effective pedagogical technologies in the professional language training of military translators. Determining the attitude of students to the use of communicative technologies in the educational process will contribute to improving the quality of their training.
 The aim of the study is to identify the attitude of future military translators to the use of communicative technologies in their professional language training.
 Methods and materials. This study is based on an integrative methodological approach, which allows combining various educational disciplines, technologies and techniques into a single educational process. The analysis of pedagogical technologies is carried out on the basis of a communicative methodological approach that determines the principles of interaction between participants in the educational process. In classes on foreign language and military translation, the training of military translators uses various communication technologies that contribute to the formation of professional and military-special language competencies of future military translators, such as, for example, case analysis, role-playing, design technologies, etc.
 Results of the study. A study was conducted identifying the opinion of cadets on the advisability of preparing for the use of attack and self-defense strategies in the negotiation process. The questionnaire was attended by 96 cadets of 3 and 4 years of training at the Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School. 93 students (88.3 per cent) noted the importance of using communicative technologies in the training of military translators. 94 (97.9 per cent) of the cadets perform case analysis with interest, 82 (85.4 per cent) of the cadets are interested in the role-playing game and 76 (79.1 per cent) of the cadets are interested in project activities. The communication technologies used in military translation sessions undoubtedly contribute to improving the level of professional language training of military interpreters.
 Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to further develop the issues of professional language training of cadets of military universities with a focus on the individualization of the educational process and on the technology of personalized training.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF MILITARY TERMINOLOGY IN ROMAN LANGUAGES (ITALIAN AND FRENCH)

Statement of the problem. In recent decades, linguistics has seen a significant increase in interest in the study of special vocabulary. When preparing military translators, the task is to teach special vocabulary as part of the military sublanguage. This article is devoted to the consideration of the issue concerning the features of the formation of military terminology. Accuracy in the translation of military terminology is of paramount importance, since strategic decisions depend on it, the error in the adoption of which can be fatal. Knowledge of military terminology is the main component of training a military translator, which is reflected in the qualification requirements for training specialists in the field of "Linguistic support of military activities" and the corresponding professional competencies. Consideration of the features of the formation of military terminology in Italian and French from the point of view of an analytical comparison of methods of education in closely related languages is aimed at identifying both general trends and specific features due to cultural, historical and intra-linguistic reasons. Results. As the practice of training translators at the Military Training Center of Voronezh State University in 2008 - 2020 shows, training in the military language and special military terminology is at the heart of the training methodology for military translators. The search for solutions and methodology for the semantization of military vocabulary is designed to facilitate its assimilation and adequate translation. Since the development of military affairs in all countries is more or less the same, then military terminology is largely unified in different languages. An analysis of the methods of forming the military terminology of the Italian and French languages revealed their general properties and methods that do not depend on the language, as well as specific national features that are reflected in the military vocabulary. This study is based on official military-related materials issued by the Ministry of Defense of the French Republic, which are used in military translation classes, as well as materials from the Italian Ministry of Defense, electronic media related to military cooperation and international security. Conclusion. Summing up, it can be argued that overcoming difficulties in the assimilation and translation of military terminology can be achieved through regular practice and exercises developed in the form of a methodological guide - a logical continuation of this study. Professional military translation is impossible without mastering special vocabulary. The development of military terminology can take place, among other things, by studying the features of its education in different languages. The common characteristic features of the formation of military terminology in Italian and French are the original lexical fund, the frequent use of various abbreviations and a small number of foreign borrowings. In the compared military terminological systems of the Italian and French languages, there are also cases of discrepancies in the degree of detailing of military concepts. There are discrepancies in the terminological nomination, which are associated with belonging to the branch of the army, the peculiarities of the conduct of hostilities, etc. Thus, the French military vocabulary is full of eponyms of French origin, while the Italian language prefers borrowed ones.

International military cooperation as an impetus for enriching terminological dictionaries: the English-Ukrainian context

The article focuses on the problem of successful communication in the course of military translation. The significant part of this process is a translation of numerous military terms, acronyms, and abbreviations where a translator must consider the context of the military document to ensure the right translation, which is as close as possible to the original text meaning. The research is based on the method of scientific observation during the classes and practical exercises in cooperation with NATO officers, the descriptive method, the method of comparison, which was used in the analysis of many textbooks and scientific articles. The use of the specific method of distributive analysis allowed the consideration of the context-dependent military terms and abbreviations. This paper presents the results of the research, including, in particular, the outlining of the classification of military terms and abbreviations, accentuation on the skills and knowledge which are important for producing a correct translation of the military terms and abbreviations which, in its turn, may have correspondents in a target language or may not have ones. Last but not least, the article provides the most striking instances of translating military terms and abbreviations grouped by their types. Reviewing the results, one can consider military translation as a context-based linguistic activity to a significant degree. The translator should have wide knowledge in the military sphere generally and in a concrete object of translation in part: artillery, ammo, IT-technologies etc. Besides English, itself is a language that develops exponentially, which invokes the growth of a variety of military terminology. As known, English is one of the two official languages of NATO. However, there are some differences in vocabulary and stylistic usage between the native languages of the Alliance member countries and English, so translators must take it into account in order to avoid misunderstandings

The Translatability of Military Expressions by B.A Students at Zarqa University in Jordan

The study aims at investigating the level of Zarqa University students in translating military expressions from English into Arabic and vice versa. Moreover, The study aims to reveal some of the problems that students may encounter while translating military texts and to investigate the Gender effect on the translation of students. The researcher distributed a questionnaire consists of 15 English military expressions and 10 Arabic military expressions. The sample of the study includes 25 B.A students (Male and Female) at the Department of Translation at Zarqa University.The results of the study has shown that Polysemy and Synonymy are the main problems that students encountered while translating military expressions. Furthermore, the study reveals that being male or a female has no effect on the military translation. Keywords: Translatability, Military, Expressions, English, Arabic, Zarqa DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-4-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Study on Translation of A Treatise on Coast-defence from the Perspective of Translation Norms

A Treatise on Coast-defence published by Kiangnan Arsenal Authorities was the first translation of the military theory of coastal defense in the late Qing Dynasty. It strongly promoted the rise of modern Chinese coastal defense thought and had a profound impact on modern China. At present, no scholar has conducted research on A Treatise on Coast-defence from the perspective of translation. This article uses Toury’s translation norms as the theoretical framework to describe and explain the translation materials and translation strategies of A Treatise on Coast-defence. It is believed that A Treatise on Coast-defence conforms to the target language translation norms and is therefore widely accepted. This research helps to reveal the laws, features and forms of translation in a specific historical and cultural context, and at the same time provides references and references for contemporary military translation.

Major Components of Military Translation Course Design

Major Components of Military Translation Course Design

Особенности разработки учебно-методических материалов по практическому курсу военного перевода в гражданском вузе

It is known that the main difference between a military specialist and a civilian is the ability to work with military information. The main tool for the development of the comprehensive competence of a military linguist is the modeling of a kind of “virtual reality” that reflects the tasks of various types of translation activities. Accordingly, teachers are faced with the task of developing and improving cadets (students) of the basic translation skills and abilities in the field of military professional activities of military translators. In the preparation of military translators, a competence-based approach is used, which, in turn, determines the main requirement for university graduates – the ability to perform tasks of any complexity based on the knowledge gained during training. Based on the foregoing, it becomes obvious the need to develop a specialized teaching materials (TM) for the practical course of military translation. We cope with this task on the basis of the latest research in the field of methods of leading foreign language universities. Within the framework of the developed teaching materials, we implement a competence-based approach, since for full and high-quality preparation for the performance of specific job duties, the tasks of the complex must meet the goals and objectives of training, and its content must correspond to the list of competencies of a military linguist. The problems of training specialists in the field of military translation are outlined, the most important competences of military linguists are given, the criteria and aspects of the development of an teaching materials for a practical course of military translation are considered, the constituent elements of the teaching materials, stages of development of its content aimed at solving complex problems, and preparing the corresponding exercises.

Формирование лексической компетенции переводчика при обучении военному переводу

The paper aims to reveal a mechanism of forming translator’s lexical competence while teaching military translation on the basis of the author’s original methodology that includes a set of teaching aids. The structure of lexical competence as well as methodological foundation of its formation are described from the viewpoint of integrative approach. The author formulates principles that should be considered while choosing and organizing educational material and specifies translator’s lexical skills formed in the process of teaching. Scientific originality of the study involves the description of the mechanism to form translator’s lexical competence in accordance with requirements for specialty 25.05.04 “Aircraft Systems and Flight Operations”. The research findings are as follows: the author has developed a system of exercises and teaching aids that facilitate translator’s lexical competence formation.

Создание справочника военного перевода для обучения военных лингвистов (на примере португальского языка)

These days, teaching of military linguists, as well as providing them with the necessary information resources, is becoming increasingly important. Additionally, the Portuguese language is becoming more common and relevant in international communication in various spheres of human activity. Its role in Russia’s relations with Portuguese-speaking countries, especially with Brazil and Angola, is no less significant. Exchange programs, in which Russian students visit Portuguese-speaking countries, are becoming more and more popular. Citizens of these countries, in turn, also come to study in Russia to exchange not only language experience, but also knowledge in various fields. We would like to pay special attention to military translation in this work. Active cooperation between Russia and countries such as Brazil and Angola is currently taking place in the military sphere too. Thus, the Russian Federation’s military cooperation with these countries is not limited to the supply of various types of weapons and military equipment. For example, Angola takes an active part in two stages of the International army games “ArMI”, and Brazilian delegations observe the transparency of the military competitions. All these factors demonstrate the increasing relevance and prevalence of the Portuguese language in various fields of action. In order to provide for such activities and enable high-quality international communication, highly qualified translation staff who can work with texts of various topics and in negotiations related to any aspects is required. In this regard, we cannot do without sources that would have a sufficient volume of necessary terms that affect the issues of technical and military translation.

Linguocultural features in the translation of military texts from english into uzbek

This article is devoted to the lingo-cultural features of translation of military-texts. The given article considers the importance of translation techniques, the grammatical and lexical transformations the function of the abbreviations methods of translating military abbreviations in particular, from English to Russian or Uzbek. Translation of military-texts, the need to preserve the original image in translation, stylistic aspect of translation is very important in teaching English to military personnel. The given article considers the importance of translation. For the successful implementation of military translation, it is necessary not only to know the appropriate language and military terminology, but also to be educated in the field of military affairs and to know the peculiarities of foreign armed forces. Other kinds of errors arise as a result of the incorrect assignment of a term to one of the groups already indicated and the choice of an inadequate translation method. For example, the term warrant officer is translated by transcription and translation. This document consists of 329 pages, of which we analyzed 310 pages of text, because we did not consider illustrative materials (tables and diagrams) in the appendix. which always translated into Russian as a sergeant major [Strelkovsky 1979]. It follows that to clarify a translation option, it is sometimes useful to find out how a given term is translated into other languages.. For example, the term security means security, support, combat support; security; security, secrecy; counterintelligence; the term armor is armor; armored forces; tanks the terms unit and command have up to ten or more meanings.

Developing Professional Skills in Chinese Military Translation via Military Idioms

Developing Professional Skills in Chinese Military Translation via Military Idioms

Competence model of a cadet of a higher military educational institution

The article presents the competence model of graduate of the Higher Military Educational Establishment, analyzes the concept of "competence", some social and humanitarian disciplines, which are taught by the students in the specialty "Military Translation" and their provision of graduate competencies.The necessity of creating a new graduate model of competency model is analyzed. The necessity of forming a political competence of students as part of an integrated competency that form in students the ability to analyze current global trends and geopolitical change, to predict the consequences of these changes for the army and the country in general. It also substantiates the reform of the military standards of personnel motivation, since the process of military service is being optimized, the moral principles and principles upon which the Ukrainian military education was based was unclaimed. An example of a schematic review of a specific competence of a military specialist is presented - "Ability to analyze political events and predict the consequences". The competent model of the military translator according to the educational disciplines taught at the Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine in the process of professional training is given. It is concluded, that the creation of modern competence models which should become a condition for high-quality vocational training of cadets in higher military establishments of Ukraine, the development of a competent model of a specialist in the field of military translation stimulate further changes in the system of higher military education, especially with regard to the modernization of the content and teaching technologies, proposed in the process of work of a competent model, can be taken as a basis for the training of military translators. The implementation of the competence model proposed in the work has a practical value for the command and teaching staff of higher military educational institutions of Ukraine aimed at obtaining a positive result in the process of providing quality educational services in the system of higher professional education

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ НАВЧАЛЬНО-МЕТОДИЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ДЛЯ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ БАКАЛАВРІВ ФІЛОЛОГІЇ

The article describes the use of electronic educational and methodological software packages (EEMSP) for improving the preparation of the cadets of Bogdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, specializing in "Philology" (humanities branch) for the first (Bachelor’s) level of higher education for final examinations. The content, tasks and peculiarities of using EEMSPs on such subjects as "General tactics", "History of wars, conflicts and protection of state borders", "Tactics of border guarding", "Border control, "Political and economic systems", "Radiation, chemical, biological protection of units", "Foreign language for special purposes"," Information technologies in translation", "Military translation"," Theory and practice of special translation" have been characterized in detail. Particular attention is paid to the structure and development of electronic teaching and methodological support for such complex disciplines as "Operational-service application and management of the actions of state border guard units" (OSAMASBGU) and "Major foreign language" for final evaluation of the cadets of the foreign languages and humanities faculty, which allowed to provide systematic presentation of educational material, effective use of knowledge bases, possibility of making fast information search, conscious involvement of students in self-education. Dynamic analysis of the results of graduation examinations of future border guard officers has shown that due to the use of the EEMSPs on the above-mentioned disciplines in the educational process of the border institution of higher learning, both the quality of knowledge and average score of students increased significantly. Thus, the quality of knowledge of future border guard officers taking state examination on "OSAMASBGU" has increased by 12.25%, and on "Major foreign language" - by 15.13% for the period of four years, respectively. The average score also became higher: according to the results of the examination on "OSAMASBGU" - by 0.23 for the cadets who used EEMSPs during preparation for the final examinations, and for the subject of "Major foreign language" - by 0.18, respectively.

Theoretical foundation of military translation in Ukraine

Theoretical foundation of military translation in Ukraine