Translation Equivalents Research Articles

ИЗАЗОВИ У ПРЕВОЂЕЊУ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗАМА ИЗ ИТАЛИЈАНСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА НА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК: ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМИ СА ИМЕНИЦАМА КОЈЕ ОЗНАЧАВАЈУ АРХИТЕКТОНСКЕ ОБЈЕКТЕ И ЊИХОВЕ ДЕЛОВЕ

In this paper, we have referred to the theory of translation in a broader sense, but we have paid special attention to the translation of idioms, which due to its unique form and meaning is not easy to translate into another language. The basic material for this work consists of Italian phraseological expressions which include nouns that can denote residential, but also architectural objects of other purposes (negozio/ shop, chiesa/ church, museo/ museum, etc.). We have also included in the research phrases in which one of the components denotes separate spaces of the mentioned buildings, as well as certain elements that are part of their constructions. We have excerpted phraseological expressions from several monolingual and bilingual, both general and phraseological dictionaries. The paper focuses on the comparison of their language structures in the original (Italian) and target (Serbian) language, the issue of equivalence, possible untranslatability, as well as the inevitable socio-cultural impact during the transfer from one language to another. The main goal of our research is to determine the most common level of translation equivalence in the transfer of selected Italian idioms into Serbian language (complete, partial or zero equivalence).

Evidence-based geriatric knowledge among healthcare providers in Vietnam: adaptation, validation, and pilot of the knowledge about older patients quiz

BackgroundVietnam’s aging population is growing rapidly, but its health workforce’s capacity to provide quality geriatric care is not clearly understood. We aimed to provide a cross-culturally relevant and validated instrument to assess evidence-based geriatric knowledge among healthcare providers in Vietnam.MethodsWe translated the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz from English to Vietnamese using cross-cultural adaptation methods. We validated the translated version by evaluating its relevance to the Vietnamese context, as well as its semantic and technical equivalence. We fielded the translated instrument on a pilot sample of healthcare providers in Hanoi, Vietnam.ResultsThe Vietnamese Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz (VKOP-Q) had excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave) and translation equivalence (TS-CVI/Ave) of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. The average VKOP-Q score was 54.2% (95% CI: 52.5—55.8) and ranged from 33.3 to 73.3% among 110 healthcare providers in the pilot study. Healthcare providers in the pilot study had low scores on questions related to the physiopathology of geriatric conditions, communication techniques with sensory impaired older adults, and differentiating age related changes from abnormal changes or symptoms.ConclusionsThe VKOP-Q is a validated instrument to assess geriatric knowledge among healthcare providers in Vietnam. The level of geriatric knowledge among healthcare providers in the pilot study was unsatisfactory, which supports the need for further assessment of geriatric knowledge among a nationally representative sample of healthcare providers.

An Analysis Of Students’ Equivalence In Translating English Idiom In Narrative Text Into Bahasa Indonesia

The aim of this research was to investigate and learn how the students to equating translation English idiom in narrative text into Bahasa Indonesia at the fourth semester of English department Bhinneka PGRI Univercity of the 2021/2022 Academic Year. A qualitative descriptive approach in this research. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to measure students' abilities in a thorough analysis to determine students' abilities in translating idioms in narrative text using test documentation with 11 research students in one class. The instrument used in the data collection was a interview and documentation test. The first step is to find out students' perceptions in translating English idioms into Indonesian. and test documentation is used to measure students' ability in working on idiom narrative text translation problems. The data were analyzed using statistical and shown in table of frequency.This finding shows that students of narrative text can be one of the alternative media for students in learning to translate idioms using good translation equivalence.

ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ COMMON TRANSLATION MISTAKES AND THEIR SOLUTIONS: VOICES FROM STUDENTS

Along with the translation industry's increasing global growth, Can Tho University (CTU) hopes to train highly skilled translators in order to satisfy the needs of society. At Can Tho University, Translation courses are considered a useful subject not only for translation majors but also for all English- majored students. In the fourth academic year, students participate in some translation courses. For English-majored students in general, the Translation courses are aimed not only at providing intensive training on translation skills but also at reinforcing knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. In addition, they provide translation skills by practicing the translation of documents. Through the course, the researchers have noticed that, in addition to progress in their translation skills, language students also encounter some issues in conveying messages from English to Vietnamese and vice versa. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap when it comes to translation mistakes analysis in Vietnamese-English translation and vice versa. The research investigates typical mistakes made by English-majored students and suggests solutions to improve their translation capabilities. In line with the tendency of using a student-centred model, this study was conducted to identify the translation equivalence problems encountered by 63 students from the two classes of fourth-year English major students at School of Foreign Languages (SFL) at CTU when they studied the subject Technical Translation and to propose solutions. The study explores the perspectives of students to gain insights into the experiences of students when translating, and the strategies recommended by students to help them better understand the language. The research will identify common mistakes to recommend solutions that can be implemented in the classroom. By gathering data from students, this study provides a more holistic understanding of the challenges faced by student translators and how they perceive language, which can help them succeed in real-world translations. In conclusion, the study sheds light on the common mistakes of English-majored students and proposes solutions to improve their translation skills. A baseline survey, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview were the research instruments utilized in the study in order to get the most accurate results. The three basic categories of mistakes in translation covered by this thesis are linguistic mistakes, comprehension mistakes, and translation mistakes. The methodology used to analyse the study's translation mistakes was influenced by Phạm Thu Quỳnh Na (2005). Because it is suitable and practical for Vietnamese learners and includes clear instructions, this type of model was selected as the study's main theoretical framework. The current study makes use of this framework to analyse and evaluate translation errors in a thorough manner. There have been several pedagogical suggestions made for instructors of translation to use in their classrooms to minimize students’ errors during translation practices.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0007/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

MEANING EXTRACTION OF SYNONYMS AMONG ADVANCED ARAB-ENGLISH TRANSLATORS: A PILOT STUDY

This pilot study examined the semantic extraction process of L2 English synonyms during the dictionary consultations and the associated challenges involved in the process among four Arabic-English translators, and whether such a process is influenced by the mother tongue. Participants were provided with dictionary definition excerpts of synonym pairs, one pair at a time, to examine and write down any differences in meaning, to report on any meaning extraction challenges, and to provide translation equivalents. The results indicated that participants did not demonstrate any distinctions between the target synonyms which suggests that dictionary definitions did not provide enough disambiguation criteria for synonyms and that is exactly what was expressed in the interview data. Finally, cross-linguistic effects were not found in the data. However, participants produced more accurate responses than the semantic English task which suggests that translators link L2 synonyms to their Arabic translations rather than their L2 definitions.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0008/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

A Translation-Oriented Approach to Person Deixis

The paper focuses on the equivalence of person deixis in the translation of the World Health Organization (WHO) institutional discourse in the context of COVID 19. Accordingly, the aim of the paper is twofold: to detect the linguistic and cultural gaps between the source text in English and the target text in Romanian with respect to the conceptualization and grammatical encoding of person deixis, and to determine the optimal, context-sensitive equivalents in translation. Our assumption is that, given the text type and the supranational identity of the text producer (WHO), the optimal equivalents will be based on cultural symmetry.

VALIDATION OF THE ARABIC VERSION OF THE FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE QUESTIONNAIRE AMONG NUTRITION STUDENT

There is shortage of data on food safety knowledge and practices among Lebanese food handlers due to the lack of a reliable tool. The aim of the current study is to determine the reliability as well as the validity of an adopted Arabic version of the Osaili et al (2013) food safety questionnaire. Translation and back translation and testing equivalence were done using standard accepted procedures. A total of 110 undergraduate Nutrition and Dietetics students completed the questionnaire consisting of five subscales that covers major food safety concepts including personal hygiene, safe storage, cross contamination prevention, knowledge of health problems affecting food safety and symptoms of foodborne diseases. Construct validity was tested using knowledgeable group analysis; internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s α and item-to-total correlation. Temporal stability was evaluated by test–retest reliability in a subgroup of 67 students. The results showed non-significant difference between scores of English and Arabic versions revealing equivalence. For the psychometric analysis, the significant statistical difference for most of food safety knowledge scores between lower and higher years of study indicates satisfactory construct validity. The test-retest reliability of the Arabic questionnaire showed a good temporal stability (ICC>0.8), while the Cronbach’s α for the total scales ranged between 0.611 and 0.736 revealing an acceptable and satisfactory level of internal consistency for the items retained in the questionnaire. The translated Arabic version of the food safety questionnaire can be considered as a consistent and reliable tool, to be used as food safety knowledge assessment among food handlers.

An Evaluation of Issues in Terminology Translation with Special Focus on Automotive Texts

The task of translating technical terms between languages can be challenging, particularly in light of the growing global trade of products that contain specialized language. This paper explores the complex issue of terminology translation and its significance in the field of translation studies. This is achieved by attempting a qualitative analysis of terminology translation in an automotive context. More specifically, the study examines several automotive brochures to identify issues in translating technical terms, such as mechanical parts and systems, from English to Arabic. Results of the analysis indicate three major problems in terminology translation which are identified and discussed in detail. These are terminology recognition, translation equivalence, and term variations. These challenges can pose significant obstacles to achieving accurate translations and can result in misunderstandings or miscommunications. The paper proposes several practical strategies for each problem based on their relevance and effectiveness in dealing with the specific issues at hand. The ultimate goal of this paper is to emphasize the critical role that a thorough understanding of source language terminology plays in the translation process. Furthermore, it highlights the intricate interrelationship between terminology and translation, demonstrating how a deep understanding of both is essential for achieving successful translations. The paper concludes by recommending that translators seek guidance from specialists in the relevant field, as well as from terminologists and other translators, to tackle terminology translation issues.

Using the TRAPD method to translate the revised MISSCARE Survey from English into German: Revised MISSCARE-Austria

Using the TRAPD method to translate the revised MISSCARE Survey from English into German: Revised MISSCARE-Austria Abstract. Background: Questionnaire translations in German-speaking nursing science rely on methods using first- and back-translation techniques despite increasing criticism. In contrast, the TRAPD method is recognized as best practice in intercultural social research. However, experience with the application of this method in German-speaking nursing science is lacking. Aim: To describe the utilization of the TRAPD method using the example of the translation of the revised MISSCARE Survey from English into German and to discuss necessary adaptations, advantages, and limitations of this approach. Methods: An adapted version of the team-based translation method TRAPD was implemented through the steps: preparation, translation, review, adjudication, pretest, and documentation, based on the GESIS guidelines for intercultural questionnaire translation. Results: The new revised MISSCARE Austria instrument consists of 85 items. For the majority of the items, equivalent terms or phrases were found that allowed for a straightforward translation. For some items an adaptation was necessary due to cultural, measurement- and construct-related aspects. Translation equivalence regarding challenging items was examined with the first author and promoted by multiple cognitive pretesting with nurses. Conclusions: Our study strengthens the argument that the TRAPD method is appropriate for translating measurement instruments in German-speaking nursing science. However, this example shows that further experience with this method is necessary for its further development for our discipline.

Patient-centered care and geriatric knowledge translation among healthcare providers in Vietnam: translation and validation of the patient-centered care measure

BackgroundPeople are living longer, and the majority of aging people reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, inappropriate healthcare contributes to health disparities between populations of aging people and leads to care dependency and social isolation. Tools to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions for geriatric care in LMICs are limited. The aim of this study was to provide a validated and culturally relevant instrument to assess patient-centered care in Vietnam, where the population of aging people is growing rapidly.MethodsThe Patient-Centered Care (PCC) measure was translated from English to Vietnamese using forward-backward method. The PCC measure grouped activities into sub-domains of holistic, collaborative, and responsive care. A bilingual expert panel rated the cross-cultural relevance and translation equivalence of the instrument. We calculated Content Validity Indexing (CVI) scores at both the item (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI/Ave) levels to evaluate the relevance of the Vietnamese PCC (VPCC) measure to geriatric care in the Vietnamese context. We piloted the translated instrument VPCC measure with 112 healthcare providers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Multiple logistic regression models were specified to test the a priori null hypothesis that geriatric knowledge is not different among healthcare providers with perception of high implementation compared with low implementation of PCC measures.ResultsOn the item level, all 20 questions had excellent validity ratings. The VPCC had excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave of 0.96) and translation equivalence (TS- CVI/Ave of 0.94). In the pilot study, the highest-rated PCC elements were the holistic provision of information and collaborative care, while the lowest-rated elements were the holistic attendance to patients’ needs and responsive care. Attention to the psychosocial needs of aging people and poor coordination of care within and beyond the health system were the lowest-rated PCC activities. After controlling for healthcare provider characteristics, the odds of the perception of high implementation of collaborative care were increased by 21% for each increase in geriatric knowledge score. We fail to reject the null hypotheses for holistic care, responsive care and PCC.ConclusionThe VPCC is a validated instrument that may be utilized to systemically evaluate the practice of patient-centered geriatric care in Vietnam.

Equivalence in English-bahdini Kurdish Translation of Cultural Items in Children’s Fiction: A Case Study on Lewis Caroll’s Alice in Wonderland

Equivalence in English-bahdini Kurdish Translation of Cultural Items in Children’s Fiction: A Case Study on Lewis Caroll’s Alice in Wonderland

Asymmetric cost aggregation network for efficient stereo matching

AbstractCost aggregation is crucial to the accuracy of stereo matching. A reasonable cost aggregation algorithm should aggregate costs within homogeneous regions where pixels have the same or similar disparities. Otherwise, the estimated disparity map is prone to the well‐known edge‐fattening issue and the problem of losing fine structures. However, current state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) mainly do cost aggregation with square‐kernel convolutional layers that learn to adjust their kernel elements to make the actual receptive fields of the aggregated costs adapt to homogeneous regions with various shapes. This is a mechanism that easily leads to the above issues due to the translation equivalence and content‐insensitivity properties of CNNs. To tackle these problems, a novel densely connected asymmetric convolution block (Dense‐ACB) based on asymmetric convolutions is proposed to explicitly construct receptive fields with various shapes, which effectively alleviates the issues caused by mismatching shapes of receptive fields and homogeneous regions. The proposed Dense‐ACB brings new insight to CNN‐based stereo matching networks. Based on the proposed cost aggregation method, an efficient and effective stereo matching network is built, which not only achieves competitive overall accuracy compared with state‐of‐the‐art models but also effectively alleviates the edge‐fattening problem and preserves fine structures.

Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence with different-script languages: Evidence from eye tracking

AbstractThis study compared patterns of nonselective cross-language activation in L1 and L2 visual word recognition with different-script bilinguals. The aim was to determine (1) whether lexical processing is nonselective in the L1 (as in L2), and (2) if the same cross-linguistic factors affected processing similarly in each language. To examine the time course of activation, eye movements were tracked during lexical decision. Thirty-two Japanese–English bilinguals responded to 250 target words in Japanese and in English. The same participants and items (i.e., cognate translation equivalents) were used to directly compare L1 and L2 processing. Response latencies as well as eye movements representing early and late processing were analyzed using mixed-effects regression modeling. Similar cross-linguistic effects, namely cognate word frequency, phonological similarity, and semantic similarity, were found in both languages. These factors affected processing to different degrees in each language, however. While cognate frequency was significant as early as the first fixation, effects of cross-linguistic phonological and semantic similarity arose later in time. Increased phonological similarity slowed responses in L2 but speeded them in L1, while greater semantic overlap was facilitatory in both languages. Results are discussed from the perspective of the BIA+ model of visual word recognition.

The Equivalence and Shift Translation in Adjective Phrases of Indonesian as Source Language to English as Target Language as Found in students Writing Descriptive Test of SMK Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu

This study deals with the types of translation equivalence and shift adjective phrases and reason used translationequivalence and shift used on the students translation. This study used qualitative research. The data were collectedby translate paper and observation students translation in the classroom. The data are taken from translate paper inthe classroom. There are 268 translation equivalence and 211 translation shift. The data are analyzed based on typesof translation equivalence ( linguistic, paradigmatic, stylistic and syntematic) and translation shift ( structure, class,intra system and unit). After analyzing the data, the types of translation equivalence and shift used on the studentsand offer was dominantly used in classroom translation. The total of translation equivalence 268 divide by thefollowing Stylistic equivalence 64 and syntematic equivalence 204. The most dominant types of translationequivalence is syntematic equivalence. The total translation shift is 211 divide by the following by structure shift18, class shift 129 and 64 unit shift. The most dominant types translation shift is class shift.The suggestion are tothe English department students, to know the types of equivalence and shift translation, the English teachers inorder to improve the ability of the students in translating descriptive text by using translation equivalence and shiftespecially adjective phrases and to other researchers are suggested to make research by equivalence and shifttranslation from different prespective.

The associative system of early-learned Hebrew verbs and body parts: a comparative study with American English

Abstract This paper compares the associative system of early-learned verbs and body parts in Hebrew with previously published data on American English (Maouene, Josita, Shohei Hidaka & Linda B. Smith. 2008. Body parts and early-learned verbs. Cognitive Science 32(7). 1200–1216). Following the methodology of the former study, 51 Hebrew-speaking college students gave the first body part that came to mind for each of 103 early-learned Hebrew verbs, 81 of which were translational equivalents. Rate of convergence and divergence and underlying patterns were used to make inferences about the constraints at work. Overall convergence (92.3% of the Hebrew data and 93.7% of the English data) reveal similar entropy levels, comparable semantic field shapes of verbs organized by body parts and similar general cluster patterns of verbs by body parts. Most divergence lies in the infrequent responses (offered fewer than 1% of the time) which arise around body parts that are internal, very detailed, very general categorically, used in figurative language, uniquely provided and tend to be subject to cultural taboos. This is a new contribution, as previous work has not quantified the relative proportion of convergent to divergent associations. We discuss how these findings support neural and developmental continuity and stability in the verbal system with respect to the categorization of verbs by body parts cross-culturally.

The conversion of cognitive interjections in classical English literature into Indonesian

Translating interjections is notoriously challenging. Aside from their ambiguous and context-dependent meanings, they also express emotions through broadly suggestive sensations, attitudes, and states of mind. This study attempts to uncover emotional meanings embedded in cognitive interjections, the conversion strategies of cognitive interjections, and how the conversion strategies affect correspondence and equivalence. The data were interjective expressions in the classic English literature entitled "Charlotte's Web" and its Indonesian translation "Laba-Laba and Jaring Kesayangannya", which were scrutinized using content-based mixed methods. The emotional meanings were explored using Jovanović’s (2004) theory. The conversion was identified by cultivating Cuenca (2006)'s and Baker (1992)’s proposals. Meanwhile, the implication of the conversions was observed by considering formal correspondence and meaning equivalence. The results suggest that: first, different types of emotional meaning are found in both ST and TT, i.e. anger, disagreement, enquiry, ensurement, hesitation, irritation, pleasure, realization, relief, soothe, and triumph. Second, four conversion strategies are deployed by the translator from English to Indonesian version, i.e. (1) conversion using a similar form and meaning; (2) conversion using a similar form, meaning, and literal translation (triplets) and (3) the conversion through deletion, with the first one as the most often used. Third, while the first two conversions were applicable for producing equivalent expressions, whereas the translator, on the whole, maintains a formal correspondence that equalizes the meaning, the last results in some degree of emotional meaning deviations. This study has demonstrated how inappropriate strategies of rendering interjections may cause distortion of the author’s original idea and ruin or reduce the emotional expressiveness in the text. Keywords: conversion, cognitive interjections, literary translation, translation equivalence

VINAY AND DARBELNET'S TRANSLATING PROCEDURES USED IN TRANSLATING CULTURE-SPECIFIC WORDS: A CASE STUDY OF GEORGE ORWELL'S ANIMAL FARM

The study aims to determine the translation procedures used in translating culture-specific words in the Animal Farm novel by the English novelist George Orwell. In order to deeply examine how the two translators rendered the culture-specific items into Arabic, the researcher used Vinay and Darbelnet's (1995) seven translating procedures as a model for identifying the translating procedures the two translators employed. Based on the data analysis, the results of this study showed that the translator Mahmood Abdulghani used six of Vinay and Darbelnet's seven procedures. Whereas only five of the seven translation procedures suggested by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) were used by the translator Sabri Al-Fdhl. Concerning the mostly employed procedure, the results of the study showed that both translators adhered to the equivalence translation procedure in translating most of the culture-specific items found in the novel with 51% and 42% respectively since this procedure attempt to convert the content while retaining the original context and meaning.

Traduzindo as agressões experienciadas durante a crise pandêmica de covid-19: uma análise do corpus de violência em jornais de línguas inglesa, francesa, portuguesa e espanhola de 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze how the words violência, "violence," violencia and violence are used in four comparable corpora based on articles from Folha de São Paulo, CNN, El País and Le Monde webpages gathered from January to July 2020. We followed Lexicology, Corpus Linguistics and Corpus-Based Translation Studies to extract the most frequently used words in each corpora and verify the contexts in which they are used, relating them to the concept of "violence" based on collocations, clusters and concordances extracted with AntConc software (2020). Additionally, we employed Discourse Analysis (DA) in Translation to verify how aggressive actions are linguistically expressed and to highlight the importance of understanding context in the translation process. As a result, we noticed that despite being considered translational equivalents, the words are used in contexts with different semantic meanings, depending on the culture to which they belong.

How to obtain translation equivalence of culturally specific concepts in a target language

Abstract As is often claimed, “the central problem of translation practice is that of finding target language translation equivalents” (Catford 1965, 21). Translation equivalence occurs when a source language (SL) and a target language (TL) text can be related to the same substance. Therefore, translation failure occurs when a concept in SL cannot be related to the equivalent in TL. Translation failures can be classified into two cases: those where it is impossible to find linguistic equivalence in TL, and those where it is impossible to secure cultural equivalence in TL. This study focuses on the latter, especially how to establish the equivalence of culturally specific concepts from SL to TL. Nobody can understand the meanings of words in a certain culturally specific domain if they do not understand some social institutions, and some history of social practices, in which these words are interpreted. Japanese words sontaku (roughly, surmise) and haragei, (literally, belly art) are examples of those culturally specific concepts. Translating these concepts into a TL text includes the identification of their semantic representation. For this purpose, using frame semantics paves the way. By defining frame elements and relations between them and also by identifying cultural practices, we can have a clear understanding of the concepts, which in turn can be related to the TL terms. It is also worth noting that culture-specific words have varying degrees of untranslatability, which can be defined by comparing synonymous words in terms of the frame semantic approach. This research sheds new light on the method of rendering culturally specific untranslatable concepts exemplified by sontaku and haragei more transparent by drawing on frame semantics.

Unveiling the Language Techniques Behind the Pragmatic Meaning of Sarcasm in American Confrontational Film Discourse

This article delves into the concept of sarcasm in confrontational American film discourse, examining its primary functions and characteristics. Specifically, the study focuses on how sarcastic statements are used in American television series to heighten emotional engagement and aesthetic appeal. The defining features of sarcasm, namely implicitness and double meaning, are also discussed. The analysis is conducted through a case study of the modern American drama series “This is Us”, which highlights the key mechanisms utilized to achieve the pragmatic effect of sarcasm, including intonation, metaphors, and repetitions. Additionally, the article examines the work of translators, their professional challenges, and the methods and techniques employed to convey the semantic content of sarcastic messages in the target language. The findings suggest that translational means such as literal translation, ellipses, and equivalent translation are effective in transferring the intended sarcasm across languages. Overall, this study provides insight into the language techniques and translational strategies involved in the implementation of sarcasm in confrontational American film discourse.