Development Tasks Research Articles

Виклики сучасного розвитку людського капіталу сільських територій України в умовах економічних трансформацій

The article is concerned with systematization of factors that hinder the development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine and are components of the mechanism of its destruction. The factors of destruction of human capital in rural areas are: low-quality school education; poor medical care; unsatisfactory level of development of social infrastructure; monopsony of agricultural enterprises in the rural labor market; low level of development of non-agricultural species; urbanization and the growth of rural unemployment. These factors cause such challenges as low labor productivity, high potential for unemployment and marginalization, excess of mortality over birth rate, migration, low incomes and depopulation of rural areas, which, in turn, lead to the destruction of human capital in rural areas. The development of human capital in rural areas of Ukraine largely depends on social infrastructure. The revival of the village is impossible without the priority development of its social sphere, which requires comprehensive institutional and material measures. Improving the quality of educational and medical services, as well as the development of socio-cultural facilities are critically important for stable economic development and improving the well-being of the population in rural areas. The problems of implementing the strategic task of reproduction and development of human capital in rural areas are caused by the low level of innovation and technological modernization in the agrarian sector, which negatively affects labor productivity. The existing link between the development of human capital and the socioeconomic progress of rural areas emphasizes the need to create conditions for the reproduction of human capital through the development of entrepreneurship, improving the quality of labor potential and social infrastructure. Effective human capital development in rural areas requires overcoming these challenges through an integrated approach that includes innovative solutions, investment in social and productive infrastructure, and increased entrepreneurship.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДИНАМИКИ: ИСТОРИКО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ И ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ

The formation of new economic relations is accompanied by the development and implementation of innovations in various industries. The article substantiates the key tasks of economic activity of economic entities and countries in the vector of development of "Kondratiev big cycles", "upward" and "downward" waves associated with innovative production. Scientific and theoretical developments in the vector of development of the Kondratiev big cycles lead to the formation of breakthrough technologies that are in demand in modern industry and the future market space. It is noted that the level of innovation of industry depends on its structure and direct role in the formation of a promising domestic and global economy. The analysis of trends was carried out taking into account the database for a century period. It is shown how the rates over the past time periods and the revealed proportions affect the growth of the Russian and global economies. One of the potential solutions to the problems of the development of domestic industry is the active use in practice of the theoretical developments of the "Kondratiev big cycles" in the implementation of national projects. Separate tasks for the long-term development of the Russian economy until 2030 are formulated.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of financial support for regional development in Ukraine. The importance of financial support for the development of the region is emphasized. It is noted that the formation of an effective system of financial support for regions plays a key role in creating the prerequisites for their socio-economic development, improving the level of satisfaction of citizens' interests, providing high-quality public services to the population, and coordinating the interests of the state and territorial communities. A model of financial support for regional development has been developed, which reflects the results of solving the tasks of the region's development at different levels (national, regional, local). The dynamics of revenues of the general fund of the State and local budgets of Ukraine (without transfers) in 2018-2023 were analyzed. The structure of local budget revenues by types of revenues was studied. It was established that tax revenues and official transfers took the main share in it, while non-tax revenues accounted for less than 6%. It was established that thanks to the rapid adaptation of enterprises, as well as state and local self-government bodies to the requirements of martial law, in 2023, the increase in revenues of the general fund of local budgets was ensured compared to 2022. It was noted that there was an excess of revenues to local budgets in Ukraine over their expenditures in 2023. The main directions of expenditures of local budgets and the State Budget of Ukraine have been analyzed. The need to optimize financial support for the development of the regions, to improve the management of their functioning in general, and to find optimal ways of attracting investment resources to the regions was emphasized. It was noted that this will be facilitated by the formation of a favorable investment climate in Ukraine and its regions; overcoming corruption phenomena; implementation of constant monitoring of the influence of factors that activate or restrain the process of financial support; formation of an effective legislative and regulatory framework that will allow improving the actual filling of local budgets; use of modern financial instruments, etc.

Ландшафтная индикация в решении задач природопользования

The paper discusses the relevance and importance of studying landscape management in order to increase the conservation of biodiversity and the environmentally sustainable use of natural resources. The necessity of developing modern methods of monitoring the natural environment by means of landscape indication is shown. The purpose of the research is to develop the methodological foundations of landscape indication, to identify its types and levels. As a result of the research carried out, the subject, nomological and model types of landscape indication were determined and characterized. On the basis of system analysis, the following levels of landscape indication have been identified: evaluative, predictive, resulting, and integration. It is shown that landscape indication can act as a basic method for assessing a natural area according to the degree of favorable conditions for various economic activities. To solve the entire spectrum of tasks of the sectoral development of the national economy in landscape-indicative studies, it is necessary to be guided by the principles of integrity, complexity and consistency.

Organization Structure of Planning Department in Himachal Pradesh and Hamirpur District

Planning in India has its history since pre independence days. Since 1950-51, India has been engaged in the world’s largest and most comprehensive experiment in democratic planning. Planning on such a gigantic scale is obviously more than an economic process. It is a total national effort and commitment which includes political leaders at all levels, the administration and the people of the country, as well as those specifically entrusted with the task of economic planning and development. In Himachal Pradesh, the planning machinery was set up in 1972 under the centrally sponsored scheme of strengthening of state planning machinery. In the State Planning machinery in Himachal Pradesh is the existence of State Planning Board and State Planning Department. State Planning Board is an advisory or policy making body and State Planning Department is executive body at the state level planning. In this research paper discuss planning organization structure of Himachal Pradesh with special reference to the District Hamirpur.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ВИРТУАЛЬНЫХ МУЗЕЕВ В XXI ВЕКЕ

In the XXIst century, virtual reality technologies are actively developing and becoming an integral part of the museums’ institution. The article examines the trends that contribute to the implementation of virtual technologies in the activities and concepts of museums. In particular, it emphasises the reform of human intelligence (according to A. Koyre) and the emergence of a virtual escapist as a new type of modern consumer. The main functions of museums developed from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries are systematised in the article. It also analyses the new functions that have appeared in modern museums under the influence of new information technologies. On the example of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, we consider the possibilities of using and implementing projects in the museum by means of virtual technologies. In addition, we systematise the latest tasks for museum development set by ICOM Russia. The application of the latest digital and information technologies today helps to fully realise the main function of museums — the right to cultural development of people. This trend makes it possible to create new forms of preserving the cultural heritage of mankind, as well as to avoid its loss.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ

Rural territories are a fundamental component of the development of agriculture and the national economy, since it is in these territories that the natural resources necessary for agricultural production are located, such as land and forests, water sources that are part of the structure of natural agricultural landscapes and parts of the ecosystems of rural areas. At the same time, rural areas are entrusted with the function of food supply to the population, which is one of the elements of national security on a national scale, which determines the relevance of the presented research. Rational and efficient use of the above resources is one of the main tasks of sustainable and progressive development of rural areas. To achieve efficient use of resources in rural areas, it is necessary to use innovative technologies in crop production and livestock farming, which will increase production indicators and ultimately provide the population with food for both the population of the region and the country as a whole. Therefore, state regulation of this sector of the economy should ensure food independence, which is a comprehensive macro-economic task of sustainability of the efficiency of the public production sphere, affecting the dynamics of development of rural areas, the level of income of the rural population and their differentiation, the level of labor force participation and the level of employment in regional comparison. In recent years, in world and Russian practice, processes have been observed to strengthen the role of cities and agglomerations as a natural process of urbanization. At the same time, ongoing socio-economic transformations and insufficient funding for local self-government have had a negative impact on changes in the operating conditions of business entities; decreasing incomes and rising rural unemployment; outflow of population to cities (primarily young people and the working population; reduction in labor productivity and destruction of engineering and social infrastructure. The complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of sustainable development of agricultural production based on rural agglomerations, the methodology and methodology of their creation, operation and development, the relevance of this problem determined the topic of this study.

Adjustment and regulation of high-pressure pumps on the BOSCH test bench

During decades of work on the development and improvement of engines intended for combat and non-combat vehicles of the Serbian Armed Forces, original methods were developed for setting, testing and checking the functionality of various types of high-pressure in-line pumps that are installed on those engines. These activities are not performed continuously, yet are performed as required by the job, often with very lengthy breaks. Through current research, development and functional tasks or periodic technical assistance in the comprehension of overhaul and production, these activities are frequently handled by highly qualified and narrowly specialized research staff. The goal of this paper is to describe the developed methods and the acquired experiences in as much detail as possible and to standardize them in certain way, so that they are not forgotten, but could be permanently available to the research staff dealing with this issue.

Стратегическое планирование как инструмент обеспечения технологического суверенитета

The article substantiates the objective need to intensify the use of strategic planning tools in the practice of public governance for the creation of a new competitive development model aimed at ensuring technological sovereignty in the conditions of external restrictions. Particular emphasis is placed on considering the process of goal setting in the scientific and technological sphere and its linkage with the general tasks of development of the real sector of the economy. In this regard, program and regulatory documents in force in the field of scientific and technological development are analyzed, of current program and regulatory documents in the field of scientific and technological development is carried out, their inconsistencies and problematic (bottleneck) areas are identified, and on this basis, measures are proposed to improve the process of strategic planning of scientific and technological development and its transfer to a systematic basis.

ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ЦІЛІ ЯК ОСНОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the global progressive community have become a universal call for joint action. Therefore, research on the achievement of these goals at the level of a single country and individual sectors of the economy is relevant and significant. The role of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in ensuring the achievement of these goals is of particular relevance. The article considers the issues of forming a strategy for development of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises on the basis of achievement of the Global Goals. A generalised description of the development strategy of agrarian enterprises in the process of their strategic management is provided; the key criteria of modern approaches to the classification of strategies and the classification of modern strategies for the development of agrarian enterprises are presented. The main tasks of development of Ukrainian agrarian enterprises in the context of ensuring the achievement of the Global Goals are allocated. The actual aspects of the formation of sustainable food systems and the prospects for promoting the brand of Ukrainian agricultural food products are considered. Attention is focused on the relationship between sustainable development and the state of the natural environment, as well as the importance of resource-saving agricultural technologies and organic production. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of strategic management of agricultural enterprises from the standpoint of social development of rural areas and quality of life of rural population are presented. The importance of the State support for the development of private peasant and farm households is characterised. The practical aspects of corporate social responsibility of agricultural enterprises are considered. The factors of insufficient development of the innovative environment of the agricultural sector of Ukraine are allocated. The factors of insufficient innovation capacity of the agricultural sector are allocated and the vector of post-war recovery of Ukrainian agricultural business enterprises is determined.

Evaluation of Land–Atmosphere Coupling Processes and Climatological Bias in the UFS Global Coupled Model

Abstract This study investigates the performance of the latter NCEP Unified Forecast System (UFS) Coupled Model prototype simulations (P5–P8) during boreal summer 2011–17 in regard to coupled land–atmosphere processes and their effect on model bias. Major land physics updates were implemented during the course of model development. Namely, the Noah land surface model was replaced with Noah-MP and the global vegetation dataset was updated starting with P7. These changes occurred along with many other UFS improvements. This study investigates UFS’s ability to simulate observed surface conditions in 35-day predictions based on the fidelity of model land surface processes. Several land surface states and fluxes are evaluated against flux tower observations across the globe, and segmented coupling processes are also diagnosed using process-based multivariate metrics. Near-surface meteorological variables generally improve, especially surface air temperature, and the land–atmosphere coupling metrics better represent the observed covariance between surface soil moisture and surface fluxes of moisture and radiation. Moreover, this study finds that temperature biases over the contiguous United States are connected to the model’s ability to simulate the different balances of coupled processes between water-limited and energy-limited regions. Sensitivity to land initial conditions is also implicated as a source of forecast error. Above all, this study presents a blueprint for the validation of coupled land–atmosphere behavior in forecast models, which is a crucial model development task to assure forecast fidelity from day one through subseasonal time scales.

Choosing well grid density for low productivity carbonate reservoirs

Based on the analysis and generalization of the experience in developing various groups of low-productivity deposits in the carbonate reservoirs of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, the article proposes geological and statistical dependencies that allow for a differentiated choice of grid density for wells both between selected groups of objects and within them, depending on the geological characteristics. Technical and economic calculations determined the drilling zones and helped select an optimal well grid density. Calculations were made using geological and commercial data on sufficiently studied deposits, which are currently in the final stage of operation. The results presented in this paper allow us to solve a wide range of field development tasks in order to extract residual oil reserves by drilling new wells with an individual design at each facility or drilling side shafts.

Development of innovative potential of agriculture in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic

Agriculture has a huge impact on the economic indicators of development of the Kyrgyz Republic, but faces several difficulties, the most serious of which are population growth, land degradation, poor financing of the industry, which significantly affects the insufficient volume of products produced and affects the development of the regions. The work examines the possibilities of implementing agrarian-economic policy on a scientific basis, examines indicators and current development tasks in theoretical and practical aspects, in areas such as the creation of innovative competitive industries. The main research method used was data from official statistical information of the Kyrgyz Republic on economic indicators, the direction of exports by type of agricultural products. The criteria for the production specialization of the southern regions are highlighted; it is clear that the economic potential of the regions is far from being fully used and has prospects for innovative development. The study used methods of economic-statistical and legal analysis, the theory of the regional economic system, and gave the level and structural analysis of the development of territories. As a further improvement of the agrarian and economic development of the regions and based on the results of the study, some problematic fragments of regional policy were identified and directions for improving agricultural development were recommended.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Modern Russian enterprises need to implement an effective personnel development system for a number of reasons. With the development of technology, changes in legislation and market transformations, the requirements that companies put forward to their employees are also changing – because the growth of the company’s production capabilities and market position depend on their professional level, readiness for continuous training and involvement in development. In the current conditions of constant socio-economic transformations, continuous training and improvement are becoming increasingly important, therefore, the correct organization of the system of professional development of personnel (including managerial personnel) plays a key role in the viability of the company, allowing it to solve strategic development tasks and ensure the effective operation of the organization. It defines the main decisions in personnel management: on the redistribution of powers, the transformation of competencies, the creation of a personnel reserve, the relocation of employees within the company, and the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of labor resources. The need to form a personnel development system is due to the fact that in modern conditions a new approach to employee development is required, forming their strategic thinking, ability to systematically analyze the situation and the constantly changing external environment. The fate of the entire organization depends on the quality of the built management system and the competence of the decisions made by employees of this level.

Методическая трансформация в ретроспективе : к 100-летию кафедры иностранных и русского языков

Along with the centenary of the Institute of Economics and Management in Agribusiness, the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy celebrated another notable event in 2023: the centenary of the Department of Russian and Foreign Languages. On this occasion, the authors decided to look back at the vast methodological experience of their colleagues – both predecessors and contemporaries, to analyse the accumulated practices, development trends, etc. Thus, the authors have made an overview of study, reference and teaching books, academic and scientific papers written by the staff of the Department at different times up to the present day. We studied samples of published litherature related to the disciplines taught at the Department, which are directly available at the subscription desk, in the reading room, as well as in the electronic library system of the Central Scientific Library of the University. The changes in the textbooks over time, as well as their dynamic development and improvement, have been traced in the course of the research. As a result, more than 100 textbooks and manuals created by the teachers of the department and published from 1956 to 2024 were analysed. The authors have observed the valuable background of the Department’s scientific literature, the original approach to the selection and presentation of material in accordance with the study areas. On the other hand, the study packs have been constantly completed and supplemented with new types of skill development tasks, expanding the range of diverse learning resources in line with world trends, developing new teaching methods.

Green infrastructure development as a factor of Moscow metropolis sustainable development

The research is aimed at improving the sustainable development of cities, which focuses on the systemic goal setting of environmental development tasks, social policy and economic responsibility. The development of green infrastructure has been among the sustainable development goals of many cities around the world since the early 2000s. The study showed that the modern understanding of green infrastructure in Russia is still not widespread, which creates problems for the sustainable development of Russian cities in the future, since the implemented greening programs generally reflect a more simplified and fragmented meaning of the city’s green infrastructure. It has been established that the situation in Russia has begun to change over the past few years: new scientific, methodological and practical approaches to the development of green infrastructure in Russian cities have been developed, leading state and public institutions presented ratings reflecting the ideology of the development of green infrastructure in cities within the framework of the principles of sustainable development. Based on the method of comparative and statistical analysis, the article identifies the features of the development of green infrastructure in Moscow, shows its advantages and problems, and suggests directions for its sustainable development based on innovative approaches to vertical gardening.

Classifying Development Tasks for Innovative Industrial Clusters in Regional Innovation Systems

Classifying Development Tasks for Innovative Industrial Clusters in Regional Innovation Systems

한국 철도 노선명 및 역명 제정 기준의 현황과 개선 방안

Railroad lines and stations are not just physical spaces, but representations of local and regional identities, geographic information for social information communication, and important operational tools related to safety and speed for facility management and operators. Frequent complaints over the recent establishment of railway station names not only show public interest in railroad-related nominations, but also call for efforts for standardization of geographical names and rational improvement of route names and station names based on the establishment of standards. The researcher diagnosed the limitations and development tasks of the current guidelines based on the principles and recommendations of the UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names and the National Geographical Name Committee based on the correct terminology based on the law and the clarification of key concepts open to implicit interpretation, and proposed ways to improve the standards for establishing railway line names and station names. The improvement measures are summarized as follows. First, the naming of the railway lines follows the combination of the representative administrative name of the departure area and the destination area. However, along with these official line names, facility managers and operators can use the name of the station by naming method using the railway line type classification system or a combination of alphabets and Arabic numbers to promote the safety and speed of management and operation. Second, the naming of a station uses only the name of the representative administrative district where the station building is located. In a station building that spans two or more administrative districts, two or more administrative names can be consecutively used to those naming, but in this case, the name of the administrative district corresponding to the representative address shall be prioritized. Third, other improvements include the following: In principle, the standards for naming of railway lines and stations to be improved in the future should not be applied retroactively, the revision of the station name once rejected should not be allowed to be re-appointed as a future agenda, and caution against social exclusion, such as nominations for specific persons or commercial purposes, or names that can be linked to the economic interests of specific subjects.

Teacher Professional Development: Strategies for Cultivating Effective and Adaptable Educators

This look at investigates the impact of a centered professional improvement software on the job delight of educators, reading facts from 300 contributors. Descriptive records monitor a median activity delight rating of 3.85, indicating a typically positive outlook among members. The low fashionable deviation suggests a consensus, highlighting the program's effectiveness in developing a constant and positive experience for educators. Demographic evaluation shows a reasonably various age range and a notably homogeneous stage of teaching enjoy. Collaborative gaining knowledge of communities, a key software factor, possibly contributed to the effective outcomes. While the findings are promising, obstacles encompass a slender age variety and a want for a extra specific exploration of program additives. This study aligns with existing literature, emphasizing the importance of complete expert development in enhancing instructor pleasure and efficacy. The high-quality results underscore the importance of investing in targeted and collaborative development tasks, with capacity implications for coaching practices and pupil outcomes. Future research have to discover lengthy-term outcomes and hire qualitative methodologies for a nuanced understanding of educators' experiences. This have a look at contributes treasured insights to the discourse on powerful instructor development, guiding the implementation of impactful tasks within the evolving landscape of training.

Механизмы формирования и развития новых технологических укладов в экономике региона (на примере РТ)

Abstract: The study of current transformations in the global economic space and in the Russian Federation, including in the field of adaptation of technological structures, is a fundamentally significant process. New technological structures set the vector for further economic progress of countries. Periods of recessions, military events, changes in political course, innovations in the field of culture - all this is a consequence of periods of technological renewal. The latest technological paradigm forms an ecosystem that integrates a set of revolutionary technologies, platform solutions and complex innovations, creating a vast system in which each individual innovation mutually reinforces the development and use of other technologies. Current transformations in the regions of Russia, emphasized by increased pressure from international sanctions and the deterioration of foreign trade relations, necessitate the formation of strategic directions for adaptation to changed geo-economic realities. The task of national and regional technological development comes to the fore. The object of the study is economic relations that arise in the process of formation and development of new technological structures. The purpose of the study is to characterize the mechanisms for the formation and development of new technological structures in the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods - abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical, sociological, etc. Scientific novelty lies in the formation of an integrated theoretically based approach, analysis of the processes of innovative transformation of the socio-economic system and the use of the theory of development and change of technological structures in the Republic of Tatarstan.