Subsidiary Farms Research Articles

State and prospects of the development of dairy cattle industry in the Stavropol territory

This article presents the analysis of the state of dairy cattle industry and its short-term development prospects in connection with the crisis of 2020. For the purposes of objective assessment, we considered the period of 2015-2019 and presented the dynamics of the main statistical indicators with significant state support (grants, subsidies, etc.) for agricultural producers. In 2019 the total amount of disbursed funds was more than 1.4 billion rubles, most of which were directed to the development of dairy cattle breeding. According to the results of 2019, 73.9% in milk-production structure accrue to personal subsidiary farms, 19.6% - to agricultural organizations and 6.5% - to private farms. The significant share of produced milk in the Stavropol territory accrues to personal subsidiary farms; at the same time, the increase in milk production was 26.5% (643.8 thousand tons). Alongside the reduction of livestock in the general population of milk cattle in the Stavropol territory it is obvious that the genetic potential of cows increases due to the decrease of low-productivity animals and wide-scale import of high-producing breeding heifers, both from abroad and domestic market. The topical problems of the industry are low reproductive qualities of cows (the output of calves in agricultural organizations is only 75%), the violations of feeding technologies and animals housing due to insufficient availability of specialists. In general, industry development rate is quite high and has significant potential for production increase in short-term prospect, provided that the existing state-support programs continue. The most relevant trends are the increase of genetic potential of productivity in Stavropol livestock population, the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies for livestock keeping and feeding, as well as the development of farming and the niche of organic products.

Innovative methods of providing food security of the penitentiary system

The objective need to reduce the budget expenditures on food for persons held in correctional institutions forces us to find ways to use the available resources more effectively. When dealing with food provision issues, it is necessary to keep in mind food security, that is, the stability of supplies and the availability of stocks in the required volume. Increasing the level of self-sufficiency in food in the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation with the simultaneous optimization of production costs for manufactured products looks like an obvious way to reduce budget expenditures. In the authors’ opinion the presence of own agricultural producers (correctional institutions, as well as their subsidiary farms, federal state unitary enterprises engaged in agricultural activities) makes it possible to manufacture products with a minimum cost close to the production cost. In this aspect, it becomes very important to improve the organization of production processes through the use of software products. The article considers the advantages of using information and communication technologies in crop production and defines ways to optimize costs and reduce budget expenditures on food provision for convicts.

Production of ecologically-friendly products in small businesses

The Institute of Organic Agriculture has outlined the prospects for an increase in organic products on the world market. Now its share is almost one percent. But these prospects were planned back in 2018, before the start of the coronavirus pandemic. At the moment, the increase in organic products of domestic origin is progressing at a rather slow pace. Such a prospect can be realized only with the effective support of the state for farmers and private farms, as well as the adoption of a regulatory framework for the development of organic products. The difficulty also lies in the fact that Russia's regions have a fairly moderate climate. The yields of agricultural products can not be called bad, but the transition to organic farming will significantly reduce the yield of products. Therefore, it is necessary to build up experience and organize training courses for farmers for the production of ecologically-friendly products. Currently, agriculture is based on a public-private partnership. But this system has certain shortcomings, such as corruption and inefficient management of the existing agricultural resources. Peasant (farmer) farms and personal subsidiary farms can rightfully be considered as a promising form of farming in rural areas. But large enterprises can also increase the volume of their products due to contractual relations with small businesses. This can also be cattle fattening, or poultry farming, when handing over finished products from farms and personal subsidiary farms. Moreover, farms and private subsidiary farms always need suppliers. 

РАЗВИТИЕ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ В МЯСНОМ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВЕ: МЕХАНИЗМ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ И КООПЕРАЦИИ ОТРАСЛИ

The main purpose of the work is the development of proposals for improving the integration mechanism and cooperation processes based on clustering in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the region. The object of the study is manufacturing, processing, marketing, supplying and servicing enterprises of the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC. In the course of the work, the specifics of elaboration of an optimal mechanism for the development of clustering on the principles of integration and cooperation in the sectors of meat-animal husbandry of AIC were studied. In the present-day market conditions, the current state of integrated and cooperated structures of AIC is analyzed on the basis of reporting of agricultural enterprises of the regions and the Russian Federation as a whole. The difficulties of organizing the interaction of economic entities of AIC with research, educational, financial, credit and insurance institutions are revealed. On the basis of statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical and computational-constructive methods, organizational and economic conditions for the formation of the mechanism underlying the clustering of integration and cooperation processes in the meat-product sub- complex of the regions of Russian Federation are investigated. A structural model of a meat- product cluster, based on protocluster structures identified in the AIC and promising enterprises of the regions, is proposed. In particular, the formation of Regional Cluster Development Centers, Regional slaughter-and-purchasing stations, Territorial Hybrid-breeding centers on the base of potential clusters is proposed. Calculated and justified reduction in the production cost and final price of meat products in the retail markets of the regions of the Russian Federation is accepted the key parameter of the socio-economic efficiency of the proposed mechanism. The scope of application of the developments: management bodies of the agro-industrial complex, heads of personal subsidiary and peasant (private) farms, boards of production and consumer cooperatives, management of agricultural, processing, supplying and servicing enterprises.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РЕСУРСОВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА В ХОЗЯЙСТВАХ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КАТЕГОРИЙ

Increasing the efficiency of using the resource potential is the basis for ensuring not only the competitiveness of economic entities in the agricultural sector, but also the food security of the country. Within the framework of the scientific research, an assessment of the efficiency of the use of agricultural production resources in farms of various categories – agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms (K(F)) was carried outX) and households of the population – personal subsidiary and other individual farms of citizens. The theoretical basis of the scientific research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists-economists devoted to the management of agricultural production resources and improving the efficiency of their use. The information and empirical base of the study was formed on the basis of a set of statistical data on the state of the agricultural sector in Russia in the period from 2013 to 2019. In the course of collecting, accumulating and processing information, such methods of economic research as analytical, monographic and statistical-economic were used. The object of the study was the economic entities of the agrarian sphere of Russia, the subject of the study was a set of theoretical and practical issues of assessing the efficiency of using agricultural production resources in farms of various categories. As a result of the conducted scientific research, a high efficiency of the use of land resources in agricultural organizations and the small-format sector of the economy has been established. It is determined that labor productivity in the agricultural sector exceeds the productivity indicators for the economy as a whole. The assessment of changes in the energy supply of the industry is given, the coefficients of renewal and retirement of fixed production assets of agricultural producers are considered. Insufficient equipment of the industry with tractors and combines was revealed, a high degree of wear of agricultural machinery and an increase in the load on it were established, which has a negative impact on the resource potential of agricultural producers and production efficiency.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СЕРВИСНОГО ЦЕНТРА ПО МОЛОЧНОМУ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВУ

Abstract. The paper outlines the main problems related to the technical service of machines and equipment used in dairy farming. The authors analyze the companies that provide their services to dairy farms of various sizes and forms of ownership, ranging from personal subsidiary farms to agricultural holdings. The main disadvantages of technical service of small and medium farms are shown, namely: large number and disunity of individual equipment suppliers; lack of incoming control of products and materials being in contact with milk; inconsistency in a number of cases of the proposed technical and technological solutions and equipment operation modes with the international requirements and other regulatory documents; impossibility of providing qualifi ed consulting, technical, fi nancial, legal and economic support to agricultural producers. The authors propose a structural and logistic model of a regional multifunctional service center for the livestock breeding industry, providing comprehensive technological, technical and operational services related to consulting, training, choosing the best available technologies and appropriate sets of machines. The multifunctional service center is expected to unite the disparate eff orts of regional service companies and dealers, improve the quality of services provided to commodity producers, and raise the level of production on small and medium-size farms.

ТЕОРИЯ КРЕСТЬЯНСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА А. В. ЧАЯНОВА И ЛИЧНЫЕ ПОДСОБНЫЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВА В СОВЕТСКОЙ ДЕРЕВНЕ (ВТОРАЯ ПОЛОВИНА 1930-Х – 1980-Е ГОДЫ)

The paper analyzes the possibility of applying the theory of peasant farming by Alexander Chayanov to personal subsidiary farms (LPH) of collective farmers and state farm workers. It is noted that the significant factors affecting their functioning were rural urbanization and the demographic evolution of the rural family, as well as the policy of severe administrative restrictions on individual households. Despite the unfavorable conditions for development, personal part-time farms have demonstrated stability over time. The relations between family size and farm size noted by Chayanov were distorted by a system of repressive taxation, active off-farm employment of farm members, and natural processes of family deformation under the influence of urbanization. The author characterizes why LPH have lost their function of the main source of livelihood. It is concluded that ideological restrictions led to an artificial archaization of production within part-time farms and limited their evolution along the farm route, i.e. the labor-consumer balance in the budget of a rural family was achieved at an extremely low level. On the other hand, it is the spread of non-mechanized manual labor in personal part-time farms that allows the author to largely apply the provisions of Chayanov’s theory of peasant farming.

Livestock products of households in ensuring food security in Kazakhstan

Currently, the agro–industrial complex (AIC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan has all the advantages and opportunities to become a new driver of economic development. The article examines the state of households of the population provides statistical data on the main indicators of the dynamics and structure of livestock products and the productivity of livestock and poultry for all categories of farms in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper shows the role of production of household farms in comparison with other categories of farms. In recent years, households (formerly personal subsidiary farms) play an important role in the country’s agriculture and make a significant contribution to ensuring the food security of the state. Further development of farms of the rural population is directly related, in particular, to the improvement of the living standards of rural residents, and in general to the development of rural areas. The aim of the study is to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for the further growth of the main indicators of livestock production by households and their significant impact in ensuring the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to consider trends in the production of livestock products by all categories of farms, and in particular the contribution of households to the process of trends in the production of livestock products by households in the context of ensuring food security in our state.

Innovative and export potential of the agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is becoming one of the main in the economy of Uzbekistan. In recent years, work has been carried out to reform it fundamentally. The normative and legal framework for its functioning has been formed, public administration has been improved. The market mechanism of management is being introduced. Investments are attracted. The structure of acreage is optimized by reducing cotton crops and placing fruit and vegetable crops on them. New intensive gardens and vineyards are being created, innovative greenhouses are being built. Work is carried out on construction and reconstruction of collectors and hydraulic structures, refrigeration chambers for fruit and vegetable products’ storage, introduction of new equipment and technologies in it. The processing industry is developing, the volume and range of products is increasing, including innovative and its export. Integration of producers and processors of agricultural products is intensifying. At the same time, there are still significant reserves in the agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan. The efficiency in natural resources’ use is low. The irrigated agricultural land are is small. The technical and digital equipment of personal subsidiary farms and labor productivity in them are low. Uzbekistan is implementing a course for innovative development. The President of the Republic approved the Strategy for the agriculture development of the republic for 2020-2030. It sets the tasks of significant increase in the production and processing of agricultural products, expanding its range due to new types of products and its exports. The strategy is successfully executed. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the state management of the agro-industrial complex, the introduction of the market management mechanism, the development of interactions between the complex’s branches, strengthening export potential of the complex, introduction of innovations, digitalization of enterprises’ activities.

Urban lands for agricultural use: soft management of the ecology state

Agricultural lands occupy a special place in the structure of urban lands. There are horticultural and gardening associations on these lands. The “belts” of horticultural associations surround large cities and small settlements; dachas and vegetable gardens play the role of individual subsidiary farms and recreation areas. In Russia, the area of such lands is about 1.5 million hectares; in the Orenburg region - 18.7 thousand hectares. Studies show that horticultural ecosystems differ significantly from the adjacent urban and agricultural ecosystems in terms of the characteristics of soil and plant cover. The reason for this is private investment in the development of these territories, which needs to be managed. For the consistent development of these socio-ecological systems (SES), it is necessary to implement a soft management system. The purpose of creating and supporting of socio-ecological systems in the agricultural use zone and suburbs is the formation of a sustainable complex of natural and social conditions for gardening and recreation of residents; optimization of the belt of lands separating the city from agricultural land to reduce the impact of adverse environmental factors on urban ecosystems (wind restriction, fire safety, pests, etc.); use of these lands as carbon polygons for capturing and retaining of carbon dioxide.

Землепользование жителей Большетуралинского сельского поселения Омской области во второй половине XIX — начале XXI в. (краткая характеристика)

The brief description of the land use of the inhabitants of the Bol’sheturalinskoye rural settlement of the Tarsky district of the Omsk region was given. It is based on the analysis of field ethnographic materials, as well as archival documents and literature. Three stages were identified in the use by the population of land in settlements attributed to this rural center. At the first stage (before the 1917 revolution), land use was carried out through a system of land domaine («dachi») of the indigenous population and peasants. At the second stage, collective farms had priority use of land. During this period, the maximum expansion of land occurs due to the merger of collective farms of Tatar and Russian settlements and into a single large agricultural enterprise, which had resources for the development of inaccessible, swampy, territories. At the third stage, from 2006 to the present, land use was mainly carried out by one yard to provide personal subsidiary farms. During this period, the agricultural zone of developed land was compressed due to various factors.

Использование морфометрических показателей рельефа для почвенного картографирования пашни в условиях средней тайги в северной части Пермского края

The digital elevation model (DEM) matrix allows to reveal the relationship of the soil cover with morphometric parameters. Therefore, in the absence of the possibility of a large-scale field survey of soils, for territories with a high degree of erosion hazard, the data on the relief make it possible to carry out predictive large-scale soil maps. The aim of the work is to create a cartographic model of the soil cover of agricultural land based on the extrapolation of the results of DEM processing and to compare it with the existing large-scale soil map in similar natural conditions. The object of research is the territory of LLC “Selskoe” located in the Solikamsk urban district of the Perm region. Agricultural land use belongs to the northernmost agricultural lands in the region. The total area of research was 429 hectares of arable land. The plot includes 8 fields. For soil mapping, a digital elevation model ALOS 30 and a large-scale soil map of the key site were used, which characterizes part of the land use of the subsidiary farm “Voskhod”. Using the results of the classification of the relief according to the GIS SAGA TPI based landform classification algorithm as a contour base and the existing soil map of the key site, a soil map of LLC “Selskoe” was made by the extrapolation method. The steepness of the slopes and the topographic moisture index were used as auxiliary data. In conditions of complex relief, a clear dependence of the location of soils on relief elements has been established. By extrapolating data from a large-scale soil survey, 10 soil cartographic units were identified. According to the relief elements, podzolic, sod-podzolic, bog-podzolic and alluvial soils were identified. In terms of granulometric composition, light soils prevail, a small area is occupied by medium loamy soils.

Agrarian potential of personal subsidiary plots

The article discusses the methodology for assessing the personal subsidiary plots production potential. Comparison of the private household plots efficiency is an important problem that requires early solution. It is the most promising direction for optimizing state support and stimulating production. The study purpose is to determine the territories of the Samara region that most effectively use the personal subsidiary plots resources for the agricultural production. The production potential value was the highest in the private household plots of the Samara region southern zone. On average, 1122.2 thousand rubles per hectare fall to personal subsidiary farms in one district of this zone. The production potential value is 36% lower in the Central (719.4 thousand rubles/ha) and by 56% - in the Northern zone (493.0 thousand rubles/ha). The households of the Central natural-economic Zone most effectively use the production potential. The zonal average utilization rate value is 1.14. The available resources are used in the best way by the personal subsidiary plots of the Bezenchuksky district (Kp = 1.67), the worst - by the Sergievsky district (0.62). The considered methodology allows solving important problems - to assess the possibilities and the production real state in the private household plots sector.

Regional personal subsidiary farms in the context of the pandemic

The article considers the experience of functioning of personal farmsteads in the agro-industrial region in the context of a pandemic, based on the theoretical positions of outstanding Russian agricultural economists. Based on statistical data, content analysis of regional media and comparative results of the 2016/2021 survey. The main positive phenomena in the development of this sector of the agricultural economy are identified: stable dynamics of development, including at the level of relations between institutional entities. The main problems associated with the lack of awareness of the rural population about the institution of personal farmsteads, the role of cooperation are identified. The obtained results allowed us to draw a conclusion about the need for the work of state and municipal authorities in terms of not only direct state support for personal subsidiary farms, but also education of the rural population.

Poverty as the main factor in the decline in the quality of life and its impact on the environment

In recent years, the number of unemployed persons, low-income families, refugees and families in difficult life situations has increased, which has led to a decrease in the standard of living. The paper is devoted to the problem of poverty in the aspect of the analysis of rural areas and the quality of life of the rural population. The population of rural areas is more vulnerable and often lacks the factors necessary to improve the quality of life. Social problems in rural areas and factors of decreasing the quality of life and their consequences are shown. The analysis has showed that the main source of income for the able-bodied rural population is labor activity, including personal subsidiary farming. The poverty rate varies across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation from 3.8% to 43.3%. In general, the poverty level increased by 38% of the total number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2019.Despite the relative progress in solving social problems in rural areas in recent years, including that thanks to the implementation of measures of state programs, the quality of life of the rural population not only remains low level, but also tend to decrease. In this regard, the study of poverty as the main factor in reducing the quality of life of the rural population becomes relevant. In order to solve more effective the poverty problems, it is necessary to revise the principles of budgeting at different levels and introduce tools that have shown high efficiency in foreign countries.

МНОГОУКЛАДНОСТЬ В СЕЛЬСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВАХ КАЛМЫКИИ (ПО ИТОГАМ АНКЕТНОГО ОПРОСА 2019 Г.)

Introduction.The article deals with the main problems of rural diversity in Kalmykia based on a sociological study conducted in may-August 2019 in nine districts of the republic. One of the research tasks is aimed at determining the main economic structures in the modern villages of the region. The purpose of the article is to introduce the results of a mass questionnaire survey into scientific circulation. Results. The mass questionnaire survey allowed us to clarify the factors that influence various agricultural practices, the specific features of rural space, when the usual forms of management disappear and new outlines of the village appear. Personal subsidiary farm is an important source of income for the family. Half of the respondents will not change the intensity of work in their farmstead and are ready to expand it with an increase in wages and other social benefits. The author of the article using the self-esteem of villagers determined the marketability/non-marketability of family farms, entrepreneurial activity of smallholders, the presence/lack of motivation of the rural population to the maintenance of peasant farms (KFH). Diversity, types of employment in various fields, and income levels of the rural population determine the main changes in rural life. The results of the study revealed the most important problems of rural residents: lack of jobs, financial opportunities for farm development, availability of state support for farmers.

Многоукладность в сельских сообществах Калмыкии (по итогам анкетного опроса 2019 г.)

Introduction.The article deals with the main problems of rural diversity in Kalmykia based on a sociological study conducted in may-August 2019 in nine districts of the republic. One of the research tasks is aimed at determining the main economic structures in the modern villages of the region. The purpose of the article is to introduce the results of a mass questionnaire survey into scientific circulation. Results. The mass questionnaire survey allowed us to clarify the factors that influence various agricultural practices, the specific features of rural space, when the usual forms of management disappear and new outlines of the village appear. Personal subsidiary farm is an important source of income for the family. Half of the respondents will not change the intensity of work in their farmstead and are ready to expand it with an increase in wages and other social benefits. The author of the article using the self-esteem of villagers determined the marketability/non-marketability of family farms, entrepreneurial activity of smallholders, the presence/lack of motivation of the rural population to the maintenance of peasant farms (KFH). Diversity, types of employment in various fields, and income levels of the rural population determine the main changes in rural life. The results of the study revealed the most important problems of rural residents: lack of jobs, financial opportunities for farm development, availability of state support for farmers.

Efficiency of using waste from UIS subsidiary farms as an alternative substrate for growing cabbage seedlings

Efficiency of using waste from UIS subsidiary farms as an alternative substrate for growing cabbage seedlings

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПАСТБИЩНЫХ УГОДИЙ ПРИ СОДЕРЖАНИИ СКОТА В ЛИЧНЫХ ПОДСОБНЫХ ХОЗЯЙСТВАХ

The authors of the article consider the institutional framework for regulating the use of rangelands in rural areas for the effective maintenance of livestock on household farms. On the basis of a detailed analysis, the issues of pastures allocated for livestock grazing to personal subsidiary farms have been identified. An assessment of the pasture lands of rural settlements and standards of the maximum permissible load of grazing of agricultural animals on the area of pasture turnover for the natural-agricultural zones of the republic and types of livestock are presented. The regions with a shortage of pasture lands and high concentration of the rural population, located in the foothill-desert-steppe, foothill-desert and mountain zones, incompliance of livestock kept in households and the level of pasture provision are identified. Areas with a low load of livestock on pasture land are identified. In the desert and semi-desert zones, there is an insufficient number of livestock for effective near-village pasture rotation. The ratio of the standards of need and provision in pasture fodder in different natural and agricultural zones by species composition of livestock is shown. The degree of use of pasture lands in various forms of economy of the republic is indicated, pastures assigned to peasant (private) farms are used with full load. Non-state agricultural enterprises within the boundaries of land use have a reserve potential of unused pastures with an area of 10.4 mln ha. A formula for determining the productivity and capacity of pasture lands for organizing cattle grazing is presented. Recommendations and schemes of pasture rotation are presented to preserve the productivity of natural forage lands of near-aul territories of zonal types of pastures, to radically improve the natural-economic zoning of Kazakhstan.

Современные проблемы и перспективы развития малых форм хозяйствования

The article deals with the role and place of small-scale forms of management, which include peasant (farm) farms, personal subsidiary farms of the population (LPH), individual entrepreneurs (IE) operating in the sectors and spheres of agriculture, agricultural organizations with no more than one hundred employees. The author analyzes the dynamics of production indicators in households for 2016-2019, analyzes the dynamics of acreage and gross fruit and berry collections in households. Modern problems of small businesses and prospects for their development are also identified.