Special Physical Qualities Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL QUALITIES CADETS - FUTURE OFFICERS COMBAT MANAGEMENT

An analysis of literary sources and existing practical experience indicates that one of the effective means of developing and improving the special physical qualities of cadets - future combat command officers - is the targeted use of the wide possibilities of swimming. Meanwhile, although the physical training programs for cadets, future combat command officers, contain a large number of different swimming exercises, their use is carried out mainly for the purpose of improving general physical fitness. In special physical training, the capabilities of swimming equipment are not actively used. In this regard, the development and experimental testing of the effectiveness of the pedagogical impact of swimming lessons on the formation of professional physical qualities of cadets, within the framework of the organization of extracurricular activities in special physical training, is a current scientific direction. The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally substantiate a swimming physical training program for cadets, future combat command officers, aimed at developing basic and special physical qualities, implemented as part of extracurricular activities. Results and its discussion. An experimental program of extracurricular activities in special physical training «Swimming» has been developed, the focus of which is to develop among cadets, future combat command officers, professional competencies related to the ability to maintain the proper level of physical fitness, based on the development of basic and special physical qualities by means of swimming, to ensure full-fledged social and future professional activities. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the experimental program have been determined. Conclusions. The presented experimental program “Swimming” and the identified organizational and pedagogical conditions for its implementation confirmed their effectiveness in the process of the pedagogical experiment, which is proven by the statistically significant differences obtained between the results of the control and experimental groups of cadets of a military aviation university - future combat control officers, in all studied indicators of physical and swimming readiness, as well as higher dynamics of indicators of physical and swimming readiness in the experimental group of subjects.

Main scientific approaches to teaching special physical training of future security officers of Ukraine

The article substantiates the system of basic scientific approaches to teaching special physical training to future SSU officers, highlights the theoretical foundations and examines the state and formation of the content of special physical training of future SSU operational officers, and suggests ways to improve this area of work in the agency's higher education institutions.
 The current stage of the SSU reform is aimed at intensifying the process of training of servicemen. One of its priority areas is to strengthen the applied orientation of physical education, which will contribute to the development and improvement of special physical qualities of future officers, the formation of skills for effective actions in combat groups and individually in conditions of increased risk and difficult operational environment. The physical fitness of officers allows them to maintain their performance and skills of effective management of subordinates in stressful situations encountered in the performance of operational and service tasks. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to optimize the process of cadets' physical training and to form their readiness to perform complex professional tasks.
 One of the most important areas of the SSU's development is the formation of an operative's personality and physical qualities, which affects the level of professionalism of the entire agency. In the course of combat missions, it is the physical fitness of servicemen that helps to maintain health and increase resistance to dangerous factors. It is no coincidence that in recent years, physical culture has been increasingly referred to not only as an independent social phenomenon, but also as a stable quality of personality. The ways to improve the system of special physical training through standardization of learning outcomes, integration of combat training elements into a single integrated training system are identified.

The Development of Specific Training Programs to Improve the Speed, Agility, Quickness, and Pass-Receiving Performance of Soccer Players

Background and Aim: In the field of college-level soccer, the quality of training mode is directly related to the overall competitive level of the team and the individual performance of the athletes. However, although soccer training at the college level is often aimed at specialization and systematism, research has shown that several common problems prevent the optimal results of training. These problems may involve a lack of personalized, targeted, or scientifically based training programs that limit overall improvement in speed, agility, quickness, and pass-receiving performance. Some college-level soccer training programs may fail to adequately account for individual athlete differences and fail to accurately locate and address bottlenecks in specific skills and abilities. This can lead to erratic training results, making it difficult for some athletes to perform at their best in competition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the problems existing in the current college-level soccer training and propose a specific training program to promote the athletes in the key skills and abilities more targeted. To address these issues, this study aims to develop a specific soccer training program to improve the speed, agility, quickness, and pass-receiving performance of college-level soccer players. A specific training program is a training method that combines different training methods and principles, which can make full use of the advantages of various training methods and avoid the disadvantages of various training methods, to achieve the best training effect. The main purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To explore the training elements and mechanisms related to speed, agility, quickness, and pass-receiving performance and to provide a theoretical basis and guiding principles for specific training programs. 2) Design and implement a specific training program to provide college-level soccer players with a novel and effective way of training to improve their skill level and competitiveness. 3) To evaluate and compare the effect and improvement of the specific training program, to provide empirical evidence and suggestions for the optimization and innovation of soccer training. Materials and Methods: This study’s main objective is to develop of specific training program to improve speed, agility, quickness, and pass-receiving performance for soccer players. In this experiment, 32 school soccer players from Jiying University were selected as experimental subjects by simple random sampling. The experimental group (N=16) underwent specific training intervention, while the control group (N=16) underwent regular training. The test indicators were selected from the "2021 National Youth Campus Soccer Summer Camp Best Team Selection Test Measures" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education and the Department of Physical Health and Art in April 2021. There are 5 test indicators in total: the 10-meter sprint test (sec), Agility test (sec), Pass-receiving Performance (sec), quickness test (sec), and Pass performance (sec), which mainly examined the comprehensive test plan of various special physical qualities such as athletes' speed, agility of dribbling change direction, quickness, pass-receiving performance. The experimental group then followed a specific training program for 8 weeks, 3 days, and 1.30 hours per day. Result: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups of athletes before the experiment (p > 0.05), which provided a basis for the experiment. After 8 weeks of experimental, the experimental group 5 test indicators had significant differences compared with the control group and also within the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This specific training program can improve the pass-receiving performance of soccer players.

ОТНОШЕНИЕ СТУДЕНТОВ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙ К ЗАНЯТИЯМ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРОЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОЛУЧАЕМОЙ ПРОФЕССИИ

In modern conditions, physical training of students at a university, the tasks of which are not only to improve the body and develop general physical qualities, but also to form professionally significant skills and special physical qualities that contribute to more effective activities of future specialists, is becoming particularly relevant. Thus, the professionally significant qualities of future engineers include: a high level of organization of the nervous system and functioning of analyzers, high efficiency and resistance to fatigue, good reaction speed, high concentration and switchability of attention, high level of perception and developed observation, formed practical thinking, stress resistance, determination, high coordination of movement, developed fine motor skills of the hands, the ability to quickly rebuild motor actions in accordance with suddenly changed conditions. Physical education and sports require the same qualities, so its means and methods can be used as training for engineering students. However, it should be understood that the attitude of students to this discipline may vary depending on their future professional orientation. This work is aimed at analyzing the peculiarities of students' perception of the discipline "Physical Culture" depending on the chosen field of professional activity, including a survey of students of various fields in order to identify their attitude to the subject, factors affecting attendance, physical activity and visits to sports institutions.

Програма фізичної підготовки артилерійських розвідників з використанням елементів спортивного орієнтування

The paper presents the results of a study of the formation of artillery reconnaissance men’s readiness to perform combat missions using a physical training program with elements of orienteering. The author has identified the factors that determine the effectiveness of the development of physical qualities and the pedagogical conditions necessary to improve the quality of physical тtraining of cadets – artillery scouts by means of orienteering. The high efficiency of the author’s program has been experimentally proven. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the effectiveness of the author’s program of physical training of artillery reconnaissance men using elements of orienteering. Material and Methods of the Study. To obtain objective data, the following methods were used: theoretical methods (analysis and generalization of literary sources and empirical data); sociological methods (written and oral survey); pedagogical methods (observation, experiment); methods of mathematical statistics (processing of experimental data and evaluation of their reliability). In order to identify the pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training of cadetsartillery reconnaissance men, a survey of physical training specialists (n=31) was conducted. The pedagogical experiment was used to test the effectiveness of the author’s physical training program for artillery scouts using elements of orienteering. It was conducted for two years (2021-2023). To test the effectiveness of the author’s program, EG (n=32) and CG (n=29) were formed. Results. The results of the study proved that the main pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of physical training of cadets of artillery reconnaissance men are rational distribution of physical activity in all forms of physical training; proper planning of the time budget for physical training; availability of educational and material base for the development of physical qualities; high methodological skills of class leaders; high-quality organization of control over the process of physical training. Conclusions. The study found that the methodology for the development of special physical qualities of artillery specialists is highly effective, which can significantly improve the level of physical fitness of servicemen.

Development of physical qualities of teenage freestyle wrestlers

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of free wrestling in the adolescent period of child development. One of the most difficult, it is not for nothing that it is called "transitional" and "turning point", "difficult" or even "critical". These names fully reflect the complexity and importance of the processes taking place in this age period. The transition from childhood to adulthood is the main content of this period. At this age, qualitatively striking changes occur, mental and physical elements of growing up appear. Hormonal restructuring of the body leads to changes in self- awareness, communication with adults and peers, changes in ways of communicating with the surrounding world, emergence of new interests. A new look at the content of moral and ethical norms that shape behavior, activity and communication with others is emerging.
 A distinctive feature of the development of modern freestyle wrestling is the growth of athleticism and general physical training of athletes. The main condition for the high efficiency of physical training of wrestlers in the adolescent period is a strict accounting of the age and individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of athletes and individual stages of adolescent development, characteristic of this period.
 Sports training, as a separate type of physical training, is a specially organized and consciously managed pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to improve or maintain at the required level basic and special developed physical qualities, various motor skills and abilities, high functional capabilities of human organs and systems, as well as knowledge related to them.
 General physical training is a process of harmonious development of the main physical qualities that have a positive effect on achieving results in a specific sport and the effectiveness of building the training process as a whole.

Improvement of the special physical conditioning of boxers aged 11-13 years using means with increased requirements for coordination of movements and vestibular stability

Competitive activity of young boxers involves the performance of specialized motor actions of high coordination complexity in various functional states and different environmental conditions. Purpose: to determine the impact of a comprehensive methodology for the development of coordination of movements and vestibular stability of boxers aged 11-13 years on the level of their special physical conditioning. Methods: theoretical analysis of literary sources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Organization. The following tests were used number of strokes in 8 seconds; average force of strokes in 8 seconds; number of strokes in 40 s; average force of strokes in 40 seconds; accuracy of strokes; coefficient 8/40. The pedagogical experiment involved 25 athletes (CG, n=12 and EG, n=13). The experimental program provided the author's set of means with increased requirements for coordination of movements and vestibular stability in the preparatory and main parts of a training. Results. It was established that for all tests for determination of special physical conditioning in boxing , young athletes of the experimental group received a significant advantage. In all cases, it acquired at the level of p≤00.01.The advantage of boxers experimental over the control group had a sufficiently large spread of values. The smallest significant differences were observed in the "Accuracy of strokes" test − 0.46 beats, 5.9% at p≤0.05, while the largest recorded in the control exercise "Strokes in 40 seconds" − 21.41 strokes, 19.3% at p≤0.01. Conclusions. Under the influence of the author's program, athletes of the experimental group significantly increased the level of development of special physical qualities, as evidenced by a comparison of the test results at the beginning and end of the study.

A study of the special physical fitness of qualified 16-17 year old cyclists over two intense weeks

The paper analyses the results of physical tests of 16-17 year old cyclists against the background of recovery and fatigue after a week-long intensive micro-cycles. The aim of the work is to determine the level of special physical qualities of 16-17 year old cyclists by type of temperament under the influence of load in weekly micro-cycles. Result. The results were determined on the background of fatigue after two weeks of intensive micro-cycles. Sanguine cyclists had better results in the one- minute pedal turnover test by 4 turns and in the 1 km race by 4 seconds; worse results in the 5 km race by 15 seconds and in the 10 km race by 29 seconds; choleric perform better in the one minute pedal revolution test by 3 revolutions, worse in the 1 km race by 4 s, in the 5 km race by 29 s and in the 10 km race by 57 s; phlegmatic have better test results in pedal revolutions per minute by 3 revolutions, worse in the 1 km race by 2 s, in the 5 km race by 38 s and in the 10 km race by 31 s;; melancholics perform better in the one-minute pedal stroke test by 8 revolutions, worse in the 1 km race by 8 seconds, in the 5 km race by 29 seconds and in the 10 km race by 1 minute.

Structure and content of special physical training of fencers at the stage of specialized basic training

The article examines the structure and content of special physical training of fencers at the stage of specialized basic training. The goal is to analyze the structure and content of special physical training of fencers at the stage of specialized basic training. The results. The training process includes several aspects of training, namely: physical, technical, tactical, psychological, theoretical and integral training. The main tasks at the stage of specialized basic training, which served to create prerequisites for increasing the level of general physical training, developing special physical qualities, increasing the level of special work capacity, improving the technique and tactics of fencers and success in competitive matches, were considered. The training process at the stage of specialized basic training of athletes is organized in the form of individual and group, educational and training, training and competitive classes of a selective and complex orientation. It is at the stage of specialized basic training that the prerequisites for effective training and competitive activities are created. Since this stage is characterized by the focus on creating a high-quality foundation for versatile special physical training of athletes, as well as creating prerequisites for the effective implementation of technical and tactical actions in fencing based on means, a wide functional impact on the organs and systems of the athlete's body, with a certain amount of special exercises that will contribute sports improvement and effectiveness of implementation of competitive activities of fencers. Conclusions. Sports training of rapier fencers is characterized by speed with various movements and their unexpected changes, high demands are made on various types of preparation (physical, technical, tactical, psychological, theoretical, integral) which affects the performance in competitive activities. One of the acute problems in the theory and practice of training rapier fencers is increasing the level of special physical training, the relevance of which increases with the improvement of sports results and the peculiarity of the structure and content of their training. In recent years, relevant scientific approaches to improving the training process of fencers at the stage of specialized basic training have been formed.

Influence of boxing classes on physical preparedness senior school students

The article reflects the actual problem of physical fitness of high school students. Scientists propose to optimize the system of physical training of children and youth by introducing sports-oriented forms of organizing classes, namely, a school sports section in boxing. The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of boxing on the physical fitness of senior school boys. Research methods: analysis of scientific methodical and special literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiments, testing the level of physical fitness of schoolchildren; methods of mathematical data processing. Scientific novelty lies in the introduction of boxing into the program of the school sports section in order to improve the physical fitness of high school students. The specificity of boxing required versatile physical readiness of boxers and a particularly high level of development of special physical qualities, which, first of all, include speed and strength abilities, general and speed endurance, speed-strength capabilities. The experimental methodology is based on the following provisions: the educational-training process had a developmental and health-improving orientation; both aerobic and anaerobic exercises of moderate and high intensity were used as means of physical education; the means and methods of physical education were adequate to the morpho-functional characteristics of senior pupils and contributed to the improvement of the physical fitness of boxers. A quantitative analysis of the results of pedagogical testing of physical readiness among high school students showed that the results of power abilities of the experimental group boxers, speed-power abilities, endurance and speed abilities received the greatest gain. Conclusions. The study showed that boxing in the school sports section had a positive effect on the studied indicators of physical fitness of high school students.

Analysis of the psychophysical state military officers under the influence of special exercises

The article considers the theoretical and methodological principles of military personnel's physical training. Despite the constant technical modernization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, modern combat conditions today associate with considerable physical stress. The combat activity of many military specialists in modern conditions has features of considerable physical work, which is associated with large, and in some cases, with maximum physical exertions. The results of research also presented the requirements for the physical preparedness of military personnel, the level of development of their general and speed-strength endurance and the degree of formation of military-applied motor skills. According to the results of the conducted research was analyzed the character of the physical activity showed by military personnel in the process of training and combat activities. Has been proven the fact that mainly prevailed physical exercises of considerable and moderate capacity, which aimed at the development of general endurance, and at the same time insufficient attention is paid to the development of special physical qualities and the formation of military-applied motor skills. It is justified that one of the effective ways to solve this problem is to use physical exercises and applied military sports. It is substantiated the special orientation of physical training in the system of military-professional activity: the task of physical training is divided into two groups of military specialties, which are taught in military educational institutions. Higher educational institutions with a expressed motor component (a direct relationship between physical preparedness and the effectiveness of future professional activity) and higher educational institutions that train specialists with an unexpressed motor component in the structure of future professional activity. The article provides data that determine the interaction of special physical training and the psychophysical state of military personnel, presents the method of developing special psychophysical qualities of military personnel by means of physical education. It has been developed practical recommendations on the use of special focused exercises during military activities and their influence on the psychophysical condition of military personnel.

Features of planning multi- year sports training in sports swimming

The article presents various aspects of the planning of the educational and training process in sports swimming, reveals the peculiarities of planning at various stages of multi-year sports training, in particular, long-term, annual and operational, as well as the general structure of the training of athletes-swimmers and the peculiarities of building macro-, meso- and microcycles of various types.
 In addition, the historical aspects of the formation and development of the process of planning long-term sports training, as a pedagogical system are analyzed, which aims to ensure consistent performance of training tasks by swimmers, using various means, methods and organizational forms and is a particularly important factor for building a successful sports career.
 It has been established that the planning of the educational and training process in sports swimming is extremely important, which makes it possible, to a certain extent, to predict the conditions of training, to determine effective means and methods for solving certain tasks faced by swimmers in order to achieve expected sports results. A properly planned process of sports training will help the coach and the swimmer to determine specific tasks for mastering technical and tactical skills, special physical, moral and psychological qualities. Training then was quite chaotic, as the planning of training programs, physical and technical training of athletes developed mainly in an unsystematic manner.

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN JUDO COACHES

The article examines the peculiarities of the process of formation of professional ethics of judo coaches as the value-content basis of their professional competence. Judo as a sport, according to Japanese traditions, has its own philosophical component and is based on three main principles: mutual help and understanding to achieve progress; the best use of body and spirit; submit to win. The creation of conditions for the formation of professional ethics of a judo coach significantly affects the learning process and the formation of positive ethical guidelines for future coaches. Professional ethics is a multifunctional discipline that is reflected in all spheres of human life. Thus, physical culture and sports act as transmitters of high spiritual and moral values in athletes, the formation of which is influenced by the coach, since he must possess the appropriate knowledge, abilities and skills.
 The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the formation of professional ethics in future judo coaches.
 It has been proven that the professional activity of a judo coach has specific features that are determined by this type of martial arts and its philosophy. The core of the general culture of the individual is education and education in their harmonious combination. Compliance with ethical norms in judo is an undeniable truth, because in the modern realities of sports matches, controversial issues and violations of professional ethics by coaches constantly arise. The training of a judoka is a complex hierarchically structured system, which includes not only the formation and development of special motor actions and physical qualities or abilities, but also the education of certain moral and spiritual values and norms. An important element of this system is the trainer. It was established that among the important factors that shape the professional ethics of judo coaches is the understanding that: 1) students are not perfect and, accordingly, can make mistakes; 2) creation of a favorable climate in the sports team, where interesting competitive tasks dominate, which increases mutual understanding between the coach and the athlete; 3) the use of various teaching techniques and pedagogical influence improves the quality of the training process; 4) young judokas are able to learn the educational and training program in different ways. Indicators of the professional ethics of a judo coach during training and competitive activities are: sociability (17.2%), benevolence (15.4%), tact (8.7%), tolerance (10.7%), sense of proportion (13.2%), striving for self-improvement (12.4%), justice (11.8%), striving to understand others (5.3%), creative activity (2.6%), etc. These qualities characterize the level of professional and personal development of the coach in professional interaction with the standards of behavior that follow from the ethical code of judo. The structure and content of professional ethics, ethical qualities and pedagogical values of judo coaches is carried out in the training process, where the target direction, content and nature of professional and pedagogical activities are determined.

Improving the special motor qualities of experienced female volleyball players living on the territory of martial law

Background and purpose. The training of athletes in conditions of limited freedoms (COVID-19 pandemic and martial law in the territory of residence) does not allow for the full training of athletes in team sports. The purpose of the study is to determine the organizational forms and means of training sessions aimed at improving special physical qualities under martial law. Material and methods. The study involved experienced volleyball players of one team (n=12). Volleyball players live in the territory of martial law (Kharkiv, Ukraine) and the restrictive measures of the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiment was carried out for 6 months in 2022 during martial law in Ukraine. The organization of the training was carried out with an emphasis on independent individual work. Pedagogical testing was carried out. 5 test exercises were used: each volleyball player performed independently. Volleyball players are offered an individual training plan that takes into account: safe living conditions (presence of special shelters – underground metro stations near the place of residence, special shelters, basements of houses, etc.); availability of electricity and means of communication (mobile, Internet); availability of means of life support (drinking water, food). Results. It was determined that the team is homogeneous only in the test exercise “long jump from a place”. The indicators of the other four tests indicate the heterogeneity of the group of volleyball players. The use of the ZOOM videoconference to monitor the performance of tests by volleyball players under martial law has been substantiated. Conclusions/ Exercises for the development of certain physical qualities of volleyball players are proposed. Also, schemes of remote self-training are proposed to level the heterogeneity of the group.

Special physical fitness factors of athletes involved in pole sports

Purpose: to determine the peculiarities of training female athletes engaged in Pole Sports on the basis of the factor analysis of physical, special physical qualities and functional capabilities.
 Material and methods: the study involved 15 female athletes (age 12-13 years), who are engaged in the sports club "Atmosphere" in Pole Sport and aerial acrobatics, Kharkov. Athletes are in the group of initial training (amateur level) and have the experience of sports activity 1-1,5 years. The study was conducted in September 2021. All participants and their parents agreed to participate in the experiment. Methods: theoretical analysis of literary sources; methods of testing physical development (height, weight); physical fitness (Push-ups 30 s, jumping rope for 3 min, lifting the trunk in sitting position in 1 minute, dynamometry of right and left arms, tilt of the body forward from the sitting position); special physical condition (chopper, pulling up on the pole, jumping rope for 3 min, jumping " Heels back", jumps with turning 180°, jumps with turning 360°, jumping into grouping); methods of functional capabilities (Genchi and Ruffier tests), mathematical and statistical methods using "EXCEL" and "SPSS" computer programs (factor analysis by principal component method was used). Results. A factor analysis of physical development indicators, physical training, functional athletes specializing in Pole Sport. It was found that in the structure of preparation of the athletes of this group overcomes the first factor "Special endurance" (15,21% of the total total dispersion), then the second "Functional abilities" (14,54% of the total total dispersion), the third factor "Power capabilities" (14,12% of the total cumulative variance) and the fourth factor " Coordination abilities" (14,02% of the total cumulative variance), the fifth factor " Flexibility " (13,52% of the total cumulative variance), the sixth factor "Technical capabilities" (12.37% of the total cumulative variance). The percentage contribution of these factors indicates the equivalent importance of these factors.
 Conclusions. The training means for the development of special physical qualities and techniques, the dosage of the volume and intensity of loads for athletes 12-13 years old involved in Pole Sports are presented.

Development of physical qualities of volleyball players

The paper considers that playing volleyball requires maximum manifestation of physical capabilities, willpower and the ability to use acquired skills from athletes. Physical training is one of the most important components of the training of athletes specializing in volleyball. It is aimed at the development of such motor qualities, namely: strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordination abilities. Physical training in volleyball is usually divided into general and special. General physical training is aimed at the harmonious development of motor skills in volleyball, which indirectly contribute to achieving high results in this game sport. The special physical training of athletes specializing in volleyball is aimed at the development of movement qualities, strictly in accordance with the requirements set by the specifics of the sport, the specifics of the intended activity and the duration of the competition. In volleyball, physical qualities are conditionally divided into general and special. General – strength, speed, endurance, dexterity, flexibility, which largely determine the comprehensiveness of physical development and health of athletes. On the highly developed base of the physical qualities listed above, special physical qualities are developed, which are necessary for playing volleyball: "explosive" strength, speed of movement and jumping, speed, jumping and game endurance, acrobatic and jumping dexterity. The main tasks of physical training are to constantly increase the functional capabilities of the volleyball players' bodies, which determine the level of development of their physical qualities and gradually bring them to intensive loads that ensure the growth of special work capacity and the achievement of optimal sports results.

The Effect of Smart Training on a Number of Physical Variables for Football Players

The aim of the research is to find out: 1- The effect of smart training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the experimental group. 2- The effect of traditional training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the control group. 3- The statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control). The researcher hypothesized that: 1- There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the experimental group. 2- There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the control group. 3- There are statistically significant differences in some of the physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control). The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance to the nature of the research. The research community was deliberately determined from the youth players of the Mosul Sports Club in football for the sports season (2020-2021). It consisted of (40) players, (24) players were selected as the research sample. By following the random selection method using lottery, the sample was divided into two groups: experimental and control with (12) players for each group. The following statistical methods were used: (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (T) test for linked and independent samples, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), mode, skew coefficient) and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used to process the data. The researchers concluded that: 1- The training design for smart training implemented by the experimental group made a significant development in some physical variables which are (strength characterized by speed of the legs, explosive power of the legs, maximum transitional speed, motor response speed, speed length of the legs, flexibility, compatibility) with the exception of the adjective of elongation that did not reach the moral level. 2- The training design for the trainer, which was implemented by the control group, made a significant development in the physical variables (the explosive power of the legs, maximum transitional speed, flexibility). 3-The experimental group that used smart training in the post-test outperformed the control group that adopted the trainer’s training in the physical variables (strength characterized by speed of the legs, speed of motor response, speed length of the legs, agility, compatibility). After identifying the scientific conclusions related to the topic of the research, the researchers recommend the following: 1- Paying attention to smart training when developing training designs for youth teams, as the results of the research showed the development of physical attributes. 2- Paying attention to special physical qualities, and comprehensive practical training by football coaches. 3- Applying smart training to other age groups, such as the cubs and juniors' category, to show its impact on the development events of these groups. 4- Applying smart training with other exercises to determine their impact and importance for football players.

Индивидуальные особенности уровня специальной физической подготовленности стрелков

The purpose of the study is to specify the individual characteristics of an athlete in practical shooting in relation to the level of special physical training. In this study, we turn to the study of ways to achieve a high level of special physical fitness of an athlete in practical shooting, which remains relevant to the present due to its significant correlation with the effectiveness of the technical execution of the shooter shot. The importance of special physical training is due to the specific features of competitive activity in practical shooting, characterized by high energy consumption, physical and psychological fatigue. The scientific novelty of the study consists in establishing the ratio of general and special motor skills and abilities formed within the framework of the training process of shooters, and substantiating their significant correlation with the effectiveness of the technical execution of the shooter shot. As a result, a set of special physical qualities was revealed that are significant in the organization of training sessions with athletes in practical shooting, taking into account their individual characteristics and the level of special physical fitness, which made it possible to develop a methodology for their improvement and significantly raise the level of motor readiness of shooters, confirming its effectiveness with the results of a pedagogical experiment.

FEATURES OF TECHNICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

Introduction. One of the most important methodological conditions for the growth of technical skills in volleyball already at the early stages of long-term training is the relationship between the structure of movements and the level of development of physical qualities and abilities. Compliance of the level of physical fitness of an athlete with the parameters of his sports equipment possession is the most important condition for an effective method of technical training in volleyball. The article presents the results of a study aimed at the implementation of training programs for the technical training of 9-10 year old volleyball players.
 Purpose: to develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of exercise complexes for the development of physical and psychomotor abilities of young volleyball players (muscle strength of the hand and phalanges of the fingers, the speed of contraction of the muscles of the hands, the ability to differentiate muscle tension, etc.), which are of decisive importance in the process of technical training of athletes at the initial stage.
 Methodology. The following methods were used in the study: generalization and analysis of literary sources; pedagogical testing; biomedical; pedagogical observation; statistical data processing.
 Results. The conducted research confirmed the put forward hypothesis that the development of technical elements in volleyball already at the early stages of training is determined by the proper level of development of special physical qualities and abilities. At the end of the pedagogical experiment using the new methodology, volleyball players from the experimental group significantly outperformed the athletes from the control group in almost all parameters of technical readiness.
 Application area. The developed sets of exercises can be used by sports teachers when compiling work programs within the framework of basic and additional education at the Volleyball course.

Requirements for technical preparation of volleyball players at the stage of initial training

The development of sportsmanship of volleyball players is directly related to the mastery of technique actions and the possibility of their use in competitions. This requires the study of the content of technical preparation starting from the stage of initial of preparation. Purpose: to determine the requirements for technical preparation of volleyball players at the stage of initial training on the basis of program and normative documents. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature, synthesis, comparison, analogies, inductions and deductions, analysis of documentary materials, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It have been clarified the basic tasks for the stage of initial training. They are mostly related to improving health, promoting proper physical development and versatile physical preparedness; development of special physical qualities and abilities; instilling a lasting interest to volleyball sessions; mastering the technique and tactics of the game (initial training, confident mastery); adaptation to game conditions and competition conditions; education of manifestations of volitional qualities in the conditions of variable resistance of the opponent. Determined shares within the technical preparation of young volleyball players, which are 39 hours, 44.82% (defensive actions) and 48 hours, 55.18% (offensive actions) in the first year of training, 44 hours, 44.00% (defensive actions) and 56 hours, 56.00% (offensive actions) in the second year of training and 43 hours, 46.24% (defensive actions) and 50 hours, 53.76% (offensive actions) in the third year of training at the stage of initial training in volleyball. The recommended stages of learning the technical elements are: getting acquainted with the techniques of playing volleyball, learning the techniques of the game and tactical interactions in simplified conditions, learning the techniques of the game and certain tactical interactions in conditions close to games, consolidating game techniques. Six tests are recommended to control the technical preparedness of volleyball players in all years of initial training. Conclusions. Implementation of technical preparation involves the study of a significant part of the technique actions during the stage of initial training. However, the implementation of the content of technical preparation does not have clear regulations on the use of tools and methods at the stage of initial training of volleyball players, which significantly expands the possibilities of scientific and practical search for effective methodological approaches.