Objective: To identify the challenges faced in training in palliative oncology care by members of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Health. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study, developed with residents of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Health at the Hospital Oncológico Ophir Loyola, in Belém do Pará. The data collection included a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire, containing questions related to palliative care and the perception about the structure and functioning of the program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, G test (adherence) and Chi-square, using Excel® 2013 and Bioestat 5.0 software. Results: The findings reveal a shortage of content about PC during graduation. Although positive aspects of the program were pointed out, the articulation between theory and practice and the encouragement of scientific studies and research, were identified as challenges to be faced in the face of the intense demand for activities. Conclusion: There is a need to revise the pedagogical project of the program, so that the theoretical and practical contents on oncological PCs are more adequately distributed throughout the program load. In addition, encouraging scientific production and opening spaces for dialogue with the program management proved necessary to improve teaching activities.