Military Development Research Articles

ПРИНЦИПИ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ГАРАНТУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ ЗА ДОСВІДОМ КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО

Introduction. In the article was reviewed experience of NATO’ member states in sphere of the guarantee of high military education quality, which must be using in the process of the national guarantee of high military education quality system projecting principles implementation . Purpose. Analyses of the guarantee of high military education quality system projecting principles in the NATO’ member states. Methods. The author used system analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, classification, generalization and systematization methods. Results. European approaches for guarantee of high military education quality system development at institutional, national, European levels in NATO’ member states there are in the process of evolutional development in connecting with other key instruments of Bologna process realization. Originality. The guarantee of education quality carried out at institutional, national, European levels and contents such elements: standards and recommendations about software of education quality at the level of high education institution; standards and recommendations about outdoor software of education quality (at state level); standards and recommendations about agency of quality software. Conclusion. The guarantee of high military education quality is based on system background, that provide the clear, understanding and consistent law norms, institutional forms, organizational mechanisms and procedures.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ПІДГОТОВКИ ОФІЦЕРА-ЛІДЕРА

The article examines and analyzes the modern theory and practice of training an officer-leader in the leading armies of the world and the universities of Ukraine. The conceptual bases of military leadership by NATO standards are revealed, innovative approaches to forming the leadership position of officers in the US and Canadian armies are traced, the best practices of military leadership development in the national military high school are summarized.

China in the contemporary world order: grand strategy, military modernization, and balance of power

The aim of this paper is to analyze the military determinants of China's strategic posture at the beginning of the 21st century, especially after the wide-ranging military reform introduced by Xi Jinping in 2015. China has faced major challenges in combining military modernization and Peaceful Development in a strategic environment marked by the balance of power logic. In this context, this paper points out the importance of military modernization for China’s grand strategy, even if it means the risk of growing tensions with regional and global military powers.

THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE CONTEMPORARY SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE CONTEMPORARY SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spread, Awareness and Strategic Containment

Whenever, there is introduction of new medicine, medical intervention, new technology, studies, research, etc., world feels excited. The reason for this excitement is that everyone feels that lives will become better on this earth. On the contrary, the world of 21st century has been caught unaware from the dreadful Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that is killing thousands of people every day irrespective of their economic or social status, and affiliation to developed, developing and under-developed countries. While writing this paper, the unfortunate death toll due to COVID-19 is highest in USA, known as strongest nation of the world due to its economic, military and technological development. This paper is an attempt of understanding the awareness level of people towards the precautions for containing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in India through the engagement and integrated approach of Indian Government; based on the factors - social distancing, washing hands effectively and frequently, staying at home. On the basis of conducting survey and analyzing the data related to awareness (towards the precautions to combat this dreadful virus) of people in India, the results show that the government was able to make people aware in the shortest time. The awareness of public about the precautions and utility of lockdown proved useful resulting in much lessor causalities in India in comparison to the countries which delayed in taking these initiatives. Indian model of confining the virus seems to be valid till the appearance of COVID-19 treatment. How to cite this article:Sarin A, Sarin A. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spread, Awareness and Strategic Containment. J Commun Dis 2020; 52(1): 22-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202004

ANALYSIS ON THE LEADING TRENDS AND CAPABILITIES OF UAV‘S AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE EUROPEAN COOPERATION PROJECTS

The European Defense Agency (EDA) is the key institution of the European Union in the implementation of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) resource provision measures. The Agency has set objectives in the field of military resource development, defense research and development, pan-European cooperation projects on armaments, strengthening the industrial and technological structure and as a key direction, the creation of a joint competitive market for military and dual-use products. Significant progress has also been made in the area of unmanned aerial vehicles (Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems, RPAS). The aim of the project is to introduce unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the internal airspace. The Agency coordinates the interaction of the UAV national operators, the European Commission represented by the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport and the European UAV Leading Group. Keywords: European defense agency, military integration, unmanned aerial vehicles, European cooperation projects.

The Relationship between Chemokine Ligand 3 and Allergic Rhinitis

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic and frequent condition characterized by an excessive response of the immune system to innocent substances encountered in the nasal mucosa. These reactions are mediated by many factors, including chemokines. Chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3, a macrophage inflammatory protein 1α) is a chemokine implicated in the activation of mast cells - white cells shown to be highly involved in orchestrating allergic reactions. The present study evaluated the role of CCL3 in AR.Material and methodsThirty-nine participants, including 24 patients with AR and 15 healthy controls, were evaluated for allergies to dust mites, cat and dog danders, cockroaches (Blatella germanica), molds, grasses, weeds, and tree pollen using skin prick tests. Participants were also evaluated for inflammatory conditions by measuring total blood count with differential; concentrations of rheumatoid factor, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CCL3 in blood samples was measured at the Immunology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Institute for Military Medical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania, using Human Multianalyte Profiling Base Kits (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN).ResultsMean serum CCL3 concentration was significantly higher in patients with AR than in controls (15.03 ± 7.11 pg/ml vs. 8.34 ± 4.46 pg/ml, p = 0.001 [t-test] and p = 0.026 [Mann-Whitney test]). CCL3 concentrations correlated with polysensitization, defined as two or more positive prick tests per patient (r = 0.325, p = 0.046) and seasonal AR (r = 0.482, p = 0.002).ConclusionsElevated levels of CCL3 were seen in our patients with AR. We have observed correlations with polysensitization and seasonal allergies. These results suggest that chemokines might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR. In the future, chemokines might be used in endotype classification of patients with AR and as a possible target in the treatment of AR.

Югославяне в этнокультурном пространстве Кубани в конце XVIII – начале XX века.

The study deals with some aspects of the Yugoslavs resettlement to the Kuban lands in the historical past. The Slavic community appears to us as a complex world of systematic mutual enrichment and merging of various ethnic groups. This was facilitated by the process of the Yugoslavs resettlement to the Kuban territory in connection with the tragic events in the places of their former residence. The peoples remained faithful to the Orthodox Church, namely Serbs, Bulgarians and Russians, became participants in the cultural exchange and mutual enrichment during a long historical period. In the modern world, this experience is extremely useful, as it strengthens and develops multifaceted ties between peoples of Slavic origin. The work is based on the works of pre-revolutionary researchers, as well as modern local lore scientists. Various archival materials and statistical sources were involved. The paper uses case studies to show the fruitful cooperation of the Slavic peoples who left a significant mark in the history of the Black Sea region. Analytical studies have shown that the Yugoslavs fitted perfectly into the ethnocultural space of the region. Some representatives of the Yugoslavs gained fame in the military field, the exploration, development and improvement of the new territory.

A study of blockchain technology development and military application prospects

Once blockchain technology is successfully applied, it will certainly trigger revolutionary changes in the military development and combat mode, which are beyond the traditional military command and management scope. In the future, blockchain technology, by combining with military artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing and big data, will have priority to be applied in military management, support, security and even command. It is of great significance to excavate the military application potential of blockchain technology and scientifically predict its impact and influence on the military field, so as to improve the combat effectiveness of the army and promote its transformation and development.

The Chamorro Creation Story, Guam Land Struggles, and Contemporary Poetry

AbstractThis essay focuses on the creation story of the Indigenous Chamorro people from the western Pacific Island of Guam. The essay presents and analyzes the deeper meaning of the story of Puntan and Fu’una as they birth the island of Guam and the Chamorro people. Moreover, it maps the history of Catholic missionization that displaced and replaced the Chamorro creation story. The essay covers the related issue of how colonization removed Chamorros from their ancestral lands and appropriated these lands for imperial, military, tourism, and urban development. Then it highlights the decades-long struggle of Chamorro activists to reclaim the land. Lastly, it turns to contemporary Chamorro poetry to illustrate how authors have revitalized and retold the story of Puntan and Fu’una to critique and protest the degradation of Chamorro lands and to advocate for the protection and return of the land.

Military chaplaincy in Sweden: A contemporary perspective

Pastors serving as military chaplains have been an integral part of the Swedish Armed Forces for hundreds of years. This close relationship has continued even after the Church of Sweden was formally separated from the state in 2000. Yet contemporary research drawing from experiences of Swedish military chaplains during their pastoral and spiritual assignments within a military context is virtually non-existent. This research explores the contemporary situation for military chaplaincy in Sweden through the lenses of proportional accessibility for military personnel, availability to civilian congregations, increasing cultural and ethnic diversity, religious embeddedness in military culture, theological tension, and personal identity development among chaplains. It furthermore suggests that military chaplains navigate a complex situation: they are expected to serve professional service members, many of whom have war zone experiences, in addition to shepherding increasing volumes of conscripts now that conscription has been reinstated, all within a new interreligious paradigm.

Research on the Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph in Military Domain

Construction of military domain knowledge graph is the foundation of military application intelligence development, current research hotspots and development situation of domain knowledge graph at home and abroad are introduced, application scenarios of military domain knowledge graph is given in the state of peacetime and wartime respectively, points out the problems needing attention and corresponding countermeasures in each life cycle.

The Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade’s development potential in the context of regional security

Since January 2017 the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) is fully operational to influence and shape not only regional security but also international peace out of Europe. Its development potential can contribute to support Ukraine in its current military reform as well as in an accession process to NATO. It can positively impact military competencies, capabilities, and capacities of all founding nations and contribute to a stronger regional identity based on common values, interests, experiences and threats perceptions either. Now is the time for the founding nations to decide whether to keep a status quo of the brigade or to further build its “trademark” upon its strengths and competencies. If they choose the second option, the Brigade has to become more visible and active in the security sphere which leads to the necessity to demonstrate its effectiveness and utility in practice. The purpose of this article is to answer the questions: where is the development potential of the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade and how it can be used in the context of strengthening both tripartite cooperation and security in the region. In the introduction, the author collides different perspectives on the future of LITPOLUKRBRIG. In the first part, he argues that the brigade can help Ukraine to join the Euro-Atlantic family. In the second part, he justifies that the brigade can have a positive impact on military capabilities development and the interoperability of the armed forces of all founding states. In the third part, he justifies that the brigade has the potential to shape regional security. In the fourth part, he argues that LITPOLUKRBRIG can contribute to building a stronger regional identity and tripartite cooperation based on common values, interests, experiences and common threat’s perception.

The idea of creating a national armed forces in the socio-political discourse of the Ukrainian SSR in the 80s–90s of the 20th century

The article deals with the process of initiation and implementation of the idea of creating the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the social and political discourse of the USSR in the late 1980s – early 1990s. The positions of key pro-Ukrainian public associations and movements, their programs, and statements concerning the "Ukrainianization" of the military forces that were located in the USSR are explored. An estimation of the position of these forces on public policy in the military sphere is given. It has been found out that the majority of the public associations and movements created under the conditions of "restructuring" insisted on the need for de-ideologization and demilitarization of social and political life. In most cases, members of such organizations required on the need to form military units based on the existing USSR armed forces exclusively from residents of the republic, who would report directly to the leadership of the USSR. Besides, the demand for military service by USSR citizens only within the republic remained one of the principal in the speech of Ukrainian associations and movements. The main proposals for possible reform of the military sphere on the territory of the republic are outlined. The author points out that among the Ukrainian intelligentsia, there were different visions regarding the ways of creating such forces. One part insisted on the creation of armed forces subordinated to the government based on and in the composition of the armed forces of the USSR. The other required a complete reboot of the military sphere, the introduction of a new approach to the army formation, and, ultimately, the creation of an army of an independent Ukraine. Much attention is given to the youth’s opinion about the ideologization and militarization of the Soviet high school. Representatives of the student youth were much more active than other social groups, expressing their dissatisfaction with the current situation, which resulted in spontaneous protests against the authorities. It was concluded that, at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the issue of military development was one of the key issues in the activities of Ukrainian unions, movements, and the first political parties. The members of these organizations were aware of the need to create an armed force in Ukraine that could counteract potential threats to state sovereignty. Such policies have resulted in numerous political actions, strikes, and demonstrations, which have been used as a mechanism to put pressure on the authorities to achieve individual political goals. In the end, under public pressure, as well as in the context of disintegration processes in the USSR, these requirements were fulfilled, which created the necessary basis for the creation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

A comprehensive review of theory and technology of glass molding process

With the development of aerospace, military, medical, and 3C industries, the design of aspherical optical component has attracted more and more attention. As a substitute for the traditional manufacturing process for glass materials, the glass molding process (GMP) has the advantages of high forming accuracy, short production cycle, low cost, and non-pollution. This paper presents an overview of recent progresses of theory and technology in the glass molding process. The existing theoretical models (stress relaxation and structural relaxation) of glass material in GMP are introduced, and the most recent applications of these theoretical models are discussed. In addition, the latest advancements in theory of applying both high-frequency microwave and ultrasound-assisted techniques in GMP are detailed. Moreover, the implementations of both apparatus (heating source, ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device, molds, and measurement and controller) and whole machine of GMP are compared in detail. Lastly, the reasonable ranges and change rules of molding conditions, such as molding temperature, molding pressure, and holding time, are reviewed, and effects of GMP on performances (temperature distribution, stress, curve deviation) are discussed.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЛІКАРІВ У ВИЩОМУ ВІЙСЬКОВО-МЕДИЧНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ ЯК ПРОБЛЕМА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПЕДАГОГІКИ

Introduction. Doctors’ professional culture is multi-dimensional and covers professional, cultural and moral values, acquires both theoretical and practical relevance.Purpose. The problem of forming of future military doctors` professional culture gains more relevance in context of military medicine development. The article analyzed available scientific sources and information, clarifies how the issues of doctors` professional culture have been researched in higher medical institutions and what directions of development of doctors` professional culture have got priorities.Research methods. The analysis of scientific literature, comparison, classification, generalization and systematization of the material were used in solving the research tasks.Results. The article reveals the relation between the problem of modernization of society and the need to improve the professional culture of military doctors. The maim role in the process of enhancing the professional culture of students of higher medical institutions and students of Ukrainian military academy (UMMA) is the responsibility of the scientific and pedagogical staff of universities.The author emphasis that acquired level of professional culture of future military doctors has significant shortfalls that are inherent in modern Ukrainian society. There is an attempt to emphasize a necessary of qualitive changes in the medical student’s educational process, especially in foreign language studying, quality of mastering the law and international law.Scientific novelty and practical significance of research results. For the first time the organization and pedagogical conditions for forming the professional culture of future military doctors in higher military medical institution was theoretically substantiated as a pedagogical problem.An attempt was made to show a set of interrelated multidimensional elements of professional culture of military doctors.The system of a new views on improving the professional culture of students of higher medical institutions and UMMA`S students was improved. Among the most urgent requirements for the professional culture of future doctors, the attention is focused on the effectiveness of studying of legislation and foreign language training. Author emphasizes the need of study and implementation of EU and NATO experience in military doctors training, which will help to achieve the necessary partnership goals.Conclusions and prospects for future research. Modern research pays much attention to theoretical and practical aspects of formation of the professional culture of medical professionals. At the same time, the formation of the professional culture of military doctors in the system of training in higher medical institutions has not been sufficiently studied.The conclusions and results of further on the professional culture of military doctors trained at universities inUkrainewill help to create some proper conditions for optimization of education progress, moral and psychological support to the military doctors training.

СИСТЕМА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ І ПІДГОТОВКИ У КРАЇНАХ-ЧЛЕНАХ НАТО (БОЛГАРІЯ, УГОРЩИНА, ЧЕХІЯ, СЛОВАЧЧИНА)

Introduction. Today is very important to deepen and develop scientific maintenance of military education in Ukraine, generalization, systematization, comprehension and integration of positive experience of military education formation and development, NATO officers’ training within educational process. Purpose. Analyze the experience of military specialists’ education and training within the NATO state-members (Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech and Slovak). Methods. The system of general scientific and special methods of theoretical and empirical research (analysis of scientific literature, systematization and generalization of materials, logic and comparative, content analysis) was used in order to realize the article purpose. Results. The article deals with educational system and training of military specialists in different educational and military command level. A general structure of Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech and Slovak Armed Forces officers training provides. It is show the principles of selection, the educational process content, the training of officers and military specialists in the system of military education in Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech and Slovak. Originality. Education and training of military specialists in the Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech and Slovak Armed Forces is considered as an integral and level-based system, which is compatible with system of NATO officers’ training. Experience of formation and functioning of officers’ training in different military educational establishment of this states, and their theoretical and practical training can be practical for military education system of Ukraine. Conclusion. The transformation of military specialists training system in Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech and Slovak is base on innovative approaches implementation to national security and defense system, of it armed forces development, new requirements for military specialists training, contemporary models of military specialists training, which in the NATO state-members accepted.

СИСТЕМА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ І ПІДГОТОВКИ У КРАЇНАХ-ЧЛЕНАХ НАТО (ЛИТВА, ЛАТВІЯ, ЕСТОНІЯ)

Introduction. Today is very important to deepen and develop scientific maintenance of military education in Ukraine, generalization, systematization, comprehension and integration of positive experience of military education formation and development, NATO officers’ training within educational process. Purpose. Analyze the experience of military specialists’ education and training within the NATO state-members (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia). Methods. The system of general scientific and special methods of theoretical and empirical research (analysis of scientific literature, systematization and generalization of materials, logic and comparative, content analysis) was used in order to realize the article purpose. Results. The article deals with educational system and training of military specialists in different educational and military command level. A general structure of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Armed Forces officers training provides. It is show the principles of selection, the educational process content, the training of officers and military specialists in the system of military education in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Originality. Education and training of military specialists in the Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia Armed Forces is considered as an integral and level-based system, which is compatible with system of NATO officers’ training. Experience of formation and functioning of officers’ training in different military educational establishment of this states, and their theoretical and practical training can be practical for military education system of Ukraine. Conclusion. The transformation of military specialists training system in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia is base on innovative approaches implementation to national secure and defense system, of it armed forces development, new requirements for military specialists training, contemporary models of military specialists training, which in the NATO state-members accepted.

POLSKO-UKRAIŃSKA WSPÓŁPRACA WOJSKOWA W LATACH 1992–2017

Military cooperation is an important part of international relations, alongside diplomatic, economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation. The invitation to the "joint soldier's table" brings armies together, giving them the opportunity to get to know each other. The military cooperation makes it possible to compare the structural arrangement of the armed forces, the training process, military equipment, and training experience. It is also an opportunity to learn about the latest trends in the development of combat technology. Due to it, the risk of an outbreak of open armed conflict significantly decreases, which contributes to strengthening international security. The military cooperation is a very important element of international security because "mature" states see in this form of contact both their interests and the interests of the partners. The history and traditions of Polish-Ukrainian military contacts are as long as the relations between the two nations. Intensive military cooperation dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. Its basis was the pursuit of military development of the Cossacks, which are a paramilitary form of self-organization of the local society. The next chapter of Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation began shortly after the end of World War I. While analyzing the political and military situation, the Polish state authorities noticed Ukraine's significance for the future balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and its impact on Poland's security in the East. That was of particular importance in the context of the growing threat from Bolshevik Russia. The arrangements made on 14 January 1992 during the visit of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Colonel-General Konstantin Morozov. In formal terms, the legal basis for cooperation was the Kyiv Agreement between the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of Poland and the Minister of Defense of Ukraine on cooperation in the military field which was signed on 3 February 1993.

Генерал Морис Гамелен и французское военное строительство накануне Второй мировой войны

The article is devoted to one of the pressing issues in the background of the Second World War - military development in France. Having won the First World War, the country faced the problem of ensuring national security in the new conditions. Germany was weakened, but not deprived of opportunities to make a rematch. The problem had become ever more acute after the Nazis came to power. The absence of an immediate threat to the country’s territory in the 1920s contributed to the “consensus of silence” between the French military and politicians, but after 1933 they started diverging in their vision of the situation in defense policy. General M. Gamelin was one of those who realised the danger of such a situation. In 1936 he managed to establish cooperation with the Minister of War E. Daladier, who headed the government in 1938. Their tandem was able to solve the problem of re-arming the French army, but the systemic shortcomings of the political model of the late Third Republic, the degradation of its elites raised difficulties in creating a stably functioning mechanism of interaction between the military and politicians that would ensure unity of the national security strategy. The consequences of this fully manifested themselves after the start of the Second World War and became a cause of the defeat of France.