Military Development Research Articles

Методический подход к созданию универсального пользовательского интерфейса

In the course of research in scientific organizations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the priority is given to the tasks related to the military sphere, and the obtained results, i.e. technologies, methodological support, models, etc., are intended for military specialists. In such research, the accompanying scientific results are technologies, methods and models which have a civilian focus and can be used by industrial enterprises in the course of military development. This paper describes a promising technology for automatic programming of data preparation software. In computer science, the term “automatic programming” identifies a type of computer programming in which some mechanism generates a computer program to allow a human programmer to write code at a higher level of abstraction. As a new abstraction, which is supposed to be applied in programming within the framework of the proposed technology, “the scenario of user actions on the user interface controls” is used. The information required to build a software architecture based on scenarios of user actions is: a list of program functions and the structure describing these data, types of controls, types of input manipulators and types of program events generated by control elements as a result of input manipulators.

Щодо можливості застосування кластерного підходу під час розроблення та виробництва озброєння та військової техніки в Україні

У статті висвітлено сучасний стан та проблеми створення та організації серійного виробництва нових зразків озброєння та військової техніки для Збройних Сил України. На основі аналізу виробничо-економічних процесів та форм організації виробництва в оборонній промисловості окремих країн світу розкрито сутність, переваги й шляхи реалізації кластерного підходу, що може бути застосований під час розроблення та серійного виробництва нових зразків озброєння та військової техніки в Україні. Запропоновано загальну структуру такого кластеру, деталізовано порядок його створення та принципи функціонування, а також можливий вплив на підвищення ефективності реалізації програм технічного оснащення Збройних Сил України.

БОЙОВИЙ СТРЕС ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ ЙОГО ПСИХОТРАВМУЮЧИХ НАСЛІДКІВ

The conflict in the East of Ukraine and its large-scale psycho traumatic effects made it necessary to examine in-depth the combat stress phenomenon. The need to increase the serviceman resilience to the combat actions caused the scientific research on the development of the effective coping-strategies of the destructive effect of stressors overcoming. The objective of the article is the theoretical investigation of the “combat stress” concept, its main substantive elements and the formulation of theoretical conceptual synthesis as for the determination of the key coping-strategies to overcome the combat psycho traumatic effects on the personnel. Based on the results of the theoretical studies the combat stress is determined as the process of the combat situation factors influence on the human psyche. It causes the substantial changes in the cognitive, affective, emotional and behavioral spheres of the servicemen, it significantly influence on the effectiveness of their professional activity and depends on the individual and typological, individual and psychological, situational and environmental, social and political, social and psychological factors.The author identified the main coping-resourses and basic coping-strategies of the psycho traumatic effects of the combat stress overcoming. She pointed out the necessity of the examining of the psychological aspects of the stressors impact on the person that will make it possible to predict the behavior of the serviceman in the extreme circumstances, cause the appropriate response on the situational changes, become the prerequisite to maintain the psychological health, and in the case of the exorbitant psycho traumatic damage will contribute to the faster rehabilitation without the chronic pathological consequences.The article substantiates the feasibility of the further in-depth study of the combat stress, the development of the effective strategies and the robust practical methodologies of its destructive effects overcoming. The author identifies that one of the perspective directions is the searching for new approaches as for the development of the personal resilience to the stressors as the integrated feature, that provides person’s optimal functioning in the complicated emotional, extreme and combat conditions and gives the opportunity to develop the harmonious personality with the high level of resilience, ready for the self-improvement, self-control and effective self-regulation. The article gives the reason to the necessity of the comprehensive program for the highly professional military psychological training development that will act as a prerequisite for the reducing the number of the psycho traumas and as a precondition of the maintaining the psychological health of the serviceman as well as the recourse for his or her personal development. The program will include activities to increase the servicemen resilience to stress and the methodology for them to master the ways for the self-regulation and the psychological self-correction of their physiological and emotional state as well as the use of the preventive measures in order to maintain the psychological health during the preparation for the professional activity in the contemporary combat conditions.

BROWNFIELDS REGENERATION, BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE FORMER MILITARY SITES IN ORADEA, ROMANIA

The post-Cold War conditions, following the collapse of the USSR, brought radical socio-economic changes in Central and Eastern Europe, including the process of military restructuring – a process of military relocation, which resulted in huge amounts of under-used land. Many regions are facing development dilemmas while experiencing demilitarization transformations, as the process has left behind in many cities large areas of abandoned and potentially contaminated tracts of land. The paper deals with the multitude of military brownfields redevelopment benefits, explaining the case of the city of Oradea (Romania) which implemented effective land restoration through (re)development projects in order to address the considerable contemporary demand for new lands to sustain the residential, commercial and other socio-economic needs. The cultural-historical context of the former military constructions has to be mentioned, as the involved heritage buildings have a special architecture, being a direct result of the military development process under the historical influences.

A Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Military Equipment Contractor Capacity Based on Grey Target Decision Theory

It’s difficult to obtain and standardize the contractor capacity information during the process of the military equipment contractor evaluation. This paper analyzed 8 main influencing factors of contractor capacity and established a comprehensive evaluation model of military equipment contractor capacity based on grey target decision theory. Taking the military software production and development project as an example, the evaluation model was used to evaluate the capacity of five contractors, and the effectiveness of the model was verified. The evaluation model realized the comprehensive evaluation of the qualified influencing factors of the contractor capacity, and put forward an effective method to evaluate contractor capacity under the limited sample information situation.

Mechanical system design of water air amphibious variable wing UAV

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of UAV is more and more extensive, but the application of UAV is only limited to a single space field. In addition, other space explorers such as vehicles, ships and submarines are also greatly limited and fail to break through the space restrictions. The market needs a UAV that can fly in a variety of environments to be applied in more realistic scenarios. In view of its limitations, the water air amphibious variable wing UAV combines the advantages of traditional UAV and submarine, and has great development prospects in the fields of marine rescue, environmental survey, biological tracking, entertainment experience and military development.

MILITARY AND DEMOGRAPHIC INTER-LINKAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LITHUANIAN SUSTAINABILITY

This paper aims at investigating military and demographic inter-linkages in the context of the Lithuanian sustainability. The investigation combines three important economic aspects such as demographic, military and sustainable development. The authors have revealed that demographic trends should be seen as a necessary conditions for ensuring the functioning of the military sector contributes to public security and sustainable development in general. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis, also Monte Carlo forecasting method have been applied for this purpose. Research results have revealed statistically significant interrelationship between military personnel as a share of total labour force and population growth rate, population median age, total fertility rate as well as birth rate. Moreover, Monte Carlo forecasting method allowed revealing for the next 10 years a steady slight increase in armed forces personnel, stable population growth rates, a rapid aging process and a slight decline of total fertility rate. Military and demographic estimations and future projections allow government to incorporate information into planning and sustainable development policy. The insights from this research may contribute to implementing the goals of sustainable development related to eradication of poverty, inequality, social exclusion, improvement in education, well-being and employment and tackling climate change.

Forecasting of socio-economic security in the region on the example of Lower Silesia

Nowadays, the concept of security has a much broader range of meaning than in the past, mainly associated with dynamic social, technical, military, and political development. This article aims to present the forecasting process in the region in the “Multifactorial model of socio-economic security” (research project No. 108/WZA/61DzS conducted as part of statutory research at MULF). The paper presents the process and results of forecasting socio-economic security in the region on the example of Lower Silesia counties. In the first part of the paper, the choice of the topic was justified, and the methodological assumptions were presented. Then, the forecasts of socio-economic security for the studied region in the form of a table and maps were presented.

Российско-монгольское сотрудничество в военной сфере (1930-е годы)

Goals. The article investigates Russian-Mongolian military cooperation in the 1930s. Methods and Materials. The work examines collected documents and materials housed by the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. Results and Conclusions. The early 1930s were characterized by the aggravation of the international situation in the Far East: Japan attacked China and occupied a considerable territory. Japan’s external policy was turning more and more towards expansionism, giving rise to sentiments to seize mainland territories which meant а direct threat to Mongolia and Soviet regions. So, the period witnessed a series of regular top-level meetings between the Soviet and Mongolian governments. The Kremlin negotiations of November 1934 proved essential enough for the further development of Soviet-Mongolian military and political cooperation. The Kremlin, thus, took the strategic lead and got actively involved in Mongolian affairs. Records of the Soviet-Mongolian negotiations of November 27 underline the vital need for Mongolia to have strong national armed forces, and report the expediency of signing non-aggression and mutual respect treaties was being discussed. The Protocol of mutual assistance between the USSR and the MPR of 12 March 1936 set a new global trend for intergovernmental cooperation and strategic partnership in the context of increasing international tensions. Active joint military actions against imperialist Japan in 1939 at Khalkhin Gol, efficient coordination of foreign policy steps thus became an important stabilizing factor in the region, being a bright page in the history of relations between the countries.

Development cost prediction of general aviation aircraft using combined estimation technique

Obtaining accurate development cost estimation results of general aviation aircraft is crucial for companies to adopt the best strategy in the development process. To address this problem, this paper proposes a combination of three commonly used single prediction methods. The optimal weight values of the three single prediction methods are determined by utilizing the shortest ideal point method. Ten cost datasets collected from literature are utilized for fitting and testing the combined prediction method, and the weight coefficients of the three individual prediction methods are calculated as 0.6859, 0.0035 and 0.3106, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the developed method has better fitting and estimation accuracy than that of the three individual methods, with average fitting and predicting error values of 2.60% and 6.43%, respectively. Additionally, the cost data of military and civil aircraft development from literature are collected for verification. The results further confirm that the proposed method is not only superior to the single prediction methods in terms of high precision but has wider applications. More importantly, this research can provide important reference for general aviation aircraft companies in term of product cost planning and corporate sales strategies.

English War Discourse: Diachronic Aspect

The article considers the features of English military discourse development over several centuries (11 th –21 st centuries). Particular attention is paid to modern signs of the war discourse, which is treated as a part of political discourse. The material for diachronic analysis is represented with the written sources of ancient and Middle English epics. Modern English military discourse is considered on the basis of media publications. Historical sources give information about the methods of waging war with the use of steel and firearms, its scale, and the heroism of warriors. The analysis undertaken has made it possible to single out the features of modern English discourse of war: the use of euphemisms, numerous neologisms and techniques of speech manipulation. Euphemisms are often represented with lexemes from dictionary entries referring to the word war or lexical substitutes with the most generalized non-specific semantics. Neologisms of military discourse arise as a result of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Linguistic factors are the creation and use of euphemisms for statements about the unsightly facts of war. Extralinguistic factors include the emergence of new types of warfare and military technology. Some new types of warfare that use information technology are considered. Conclusions concerning international character of military terminology and rapid development of war discourse at present are drawn in the article.

헤즈볼라의 정치군사적 발전에 대한 분석과 전망 : 제1, 2차 레바논전쟁을 중심으로

1982년 제1차 레바논전쟁 중에 창설된 헤즈볼라는 단순한 테러조직에서 이제는 아랍세계를 대표하는 대 이스라엘 저항군, 그리고 레바논의 핵심 정치세력으로 성장했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 헤즈볼라를 테러조직으로만 보는 시각이 여전히 존재한다. 이것은 헤즈볼라에 대한 올바른 이해를 방해하고 헤즈볼라의 주 활동무대인 레바논의 정치상황, 더 크게는 중동지역의 정치상황에 대해서도 잘못된 예측을 하게 만든다. 따라서 헤즈볼라에 대해 올바로 이해하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다.<BR> 이 논문에서는 헤즈볼라의 정치군사적 발전과 전망에 대해 살펴보았다. 헤즈볼라는 제1차 레바논전쟁을 통해 군사중심적인 행태를 보였으며 정치적 역할은 상대적으로 약했다. 그러나 제2차 레바논전쟁을 통해 정치적 역할이 강화되었다. 여기에는 전쟁에서의 승리와 효과적인 전후 복구사업 등을 통한 국민들의 지지가 큰 역할을 했다고 볼 수 있다.<BR> 앞으로 헤즈볼라는 레바논의 핵심 정치세력으로서 역할을 확대할 것이고, 저항군으로서의 역할도 계속 유지할 것이다. 그러나 테러는 정치 및 저항군으로서의 역할에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문에 그 역할은 줄어들 것이다. 다만 헤즈볼라가 처한 대내외적 상황, 즉 헤즈볼라를 후원하는 이란 및 시리아의 상황전개, 헤즈볼라에 대한 국내정치적 지지 변화 등이 향후 헤즈볼라의 역할변화에 중요한 변수가 될 것이다.

Создание модификаций – основное направление развития военно-транспортных самолетов

Создание модификаций – основное направление развития военно-транспортных самолетов

Socio-Environmental Impacts of Mobility on Inuit People and Its Consequences in the High Arctic Region of Canada

This study examines the socio-environmental impacts of mobility on Inuit people and its consequences in the High Arctic region of Canada. Mobility is the part of Inuit culture, the Inuit people moved for hunting on familiar distances and sites that is the part of their life through generations. These patterns of mobility represent an admirable appreciation and familiar knowledge of the environment in the aboriginal people. The system of mobility as social change is related to the environmental stress, food shortage, fur-trade, construction of military bases, state policies, forced resettlement and non-renewable resources development projects in the Arctic region. Since 1950s, the Inuit of Canadian Arctic region have experience forcefully the mobilities in form of relocation, new-settlements, medical moves and residential schools as well as environmental mobility. The effects of relocation from their original lands have sustained through generations. There is another sad story of the DEW-line (Distance Early Warning) construction. The construction was started without any consent or notification to the local communities. Inuit people were displaced into other places with non-respectable way from their indigenous land. The residential school system was another a misfortune form of mobility which removed Aboriginal children from their parents and forcefully teach them ‘white manners’. This unfair treatment to the Inuit becomes big debate in the country from the several decades ago. Experience of mobility either it was due to relocation, displacement, individual or residential schools and mobility due to climate change are common story of Inuit people in the Arctic region of Canada. A number of families are still dealing with this intergenerational distresses.

Analyzing the key trends in scientific and technological development of the space industry in the face of grand challenges

Subject. “Grand challenges” are traditionally taken into account for the formation of science and technology and innovative State policies of countries. One of the most important challenges is the need for effective development and use of space, including the strengthening of Russia's positions in the field of economic, scientific and military development of outer space and airspace. Objectives. The aim of the study is to highlight key trends in the scientific and technological development of the space industry. Methods. Using econometric methods and our own approach, we analyzed various aspects of the space market, identified the most effective approaches to assessing its segments, and determinants of its development. The study rests on logical and systems approaches, methods of grouping, comparison, generalization, analysis and synthesis. Results. We formulated the subject and highlighted conditions for the emergence of grand challenges in the rocket-and space area. Based on the analysis of the state of the industry, we underlined trends and laws of its development. The study proves that non-compliance with these laws and principles is fraught with halting growth prospects of the industry. Conclusions. The paper offers an enlarged structure of the space market enabling to consider relationships between segments and highlight the most promising ones; reviews the main trends in the global space market and the space segment.

ЛИНГВОСТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ МИЛИТАРНЫХ СЛЕНГИЗМОВ В НЕОФИЦИАЛЬНОМ МИЛИТАРНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

This article is devoted to the analysis of military slang peculiarities. Military discourse is a topical issue in the context of modern military conflicts and military contacts development of the 21st century. Mentioned above discourse is the main instrument not only for giving commands and orders, strategies and doctrines, but it also aims at forming ideology in society, embracing the whole discourse. So communication in military circles and the discourse itself should transfer cultural models based on specific elements and phenomena. Army is known to be one of the most important social institutions of many governments including a complicated system of individuum relations realized by communication rules and regulations. Thus studying some peculiarities of military discourse verbalization as a social professional subcode is a really important issue. It emphasizes the applicability of this research.

Dronificação do poder, violência e dados pessoais: regulação dos drones na era da "normalização do impensável"

Este artigo analisa a regulação dos drones da perspectiva da dronificação do poder. Contextualiza a dronificação do poder, buscando associar o desenvolvimento tecnológico militar e a ideologia que carrega com a tecnologia urbana de uso doméstico; e confronta a literatura da dronificação do poder com a realidade da regulação, buscando (des)continuidades frente a um novo paradigma regulatório. Como resultados, apresenta-se, inicialmente, que a regulação atual do uso de drones no Brasil está defasada frente à ubiquidade do tratamento de dados digitais, coletados massivamente pelos drones, que operam autonomamente e analisam dados oriundos de outros objetos em tempo real. Também tem-se que uma regulação adequada deve disciplinar as empresas que que desenvolvem essas tecnologias, de modo não meramente proibitivo — sendo a auditabilidade social uma alternativa para a adesão, por parte de tais empresas, a práticas em conformidade com a proteção à privacidade. O artigo foi escrito com o uso do método de procedimento dialético, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.

Terahertz Perfect Absorber Based on Asymmetric Open-Loop Cross-Dipole Structure

Equipped with multiple and unique features, a terahertz absorber exhibits great potential for use in the development of communication, military, and other fields where achieving perfect broadband absorption has always been a challenge. We present a metamaterial terahertz (THz) absorber comprising a cross-dipole patch, four symmetric square patches and an asymmetric open-loop patch with a good perfect absorption rate for TE and TM polarizations. The average absorption of more than 96% occurs in the frequency range from 2.4 THz to 3.8 THz, in which the absorptance peak can reach 99.9%, as indicated by simulated results. Our design has broad potential applications in THz couplers, as well as in fields like biology and security.

Analysis of the Capabilities of UAV’s and the Leading Trends in their Application in the European Cooperation Projects

Abstract The European defense agency (EDA) is the key institution in the European Union in implementing resource security measures for the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The Agency has set objectives in the field of military resource development, defense research and development, pan-European armaments cooperation projects, strengthening the industrial and technological resources and as a key focus the creation of a common competitive market for military and dual-use products. Significant progress has also been made in the area of unmanned aerial vehicles (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, RPAS). The goal of the project is to introduce unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the internal airspace. The Agency coordinates the interaction between UAV national operators the European Commission, represented by the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport and the European UAV Group.

ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗАЦІЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ: ГОЛОВНІ НАПРЯМКИ, ЗМІСТ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

Introduction. Today is very important to develop the professional military education in Ukraine for higher of officer training effectiveness level, that connected with necessity to adopted the main tendencies of NATO’ military education development. Purpose. Define the main directs, content and perspectives of professional military education system forming in Ukraine in context of NATO’ state-members in this sphere. Methods. The system of general scientific and special methods of theoretical and empirical research (analysis of scientific literature, systematization and generalization of materials, logic and comparative, content analysis) was used in order to realize the article purpose. Results. The article deals with the questions of professional military education in Ukraine, the main directs, content and perspectives of professional military education system forming in Ukraine in context of NATO’ state-members in this sphere are considered. The conceptual model of future officer vision and a structure of professional training course’ for officer at the tactical, operative and strategic levels are proposed. Originality. Education and training of military specialists in the system of professional military education is considered as an integral and level-based system, which is compatible with system of NATO officers’ training. Realization of main principles, which forming the future officer vision, can make in system of professional military education that orient to forming and development the officer-leaders in intellectual sphere, ensuring they achieve a high level of professionalism in theory and practice of art of war (operations), studying the methods, technologies and form of warfighting, make proposals for defense problems solving and using Armed Forces at high political level of public administration. Conclusion. Tasks for development of professional military education need in revision of the conceptual bases for officers at tactical, operative and strategic levels training on the base of implementation the key elements the same system in NATO’ state-members, and also change the orientation of officers staff training in Ukraine to specialization and intensity of education process.