Melaleuca Cajuputi Research Articles

Green facile synthesis of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.) essential oil loaded chitosan film and evaluation of its effectiveness on shelf-life extension of white button mushroom

This study reports first time investigation on efficacy of cajuput essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticle (CjEO-CSNP) on shelf-life of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stored at 4±1 °C for 7-days. CjEO-CSNP was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The nanoparticles exhibited spherical shapes with average particle size 43.17–97.03 nm. The nanoencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were ranged between 45.86 and 92.26% and 0.69–8.87%, respectively. The release study confirmed that CjEO-CSNP showed biphasic release patterns at different pH. Positive results were unveiled when the effect of CjEO-CSNP on shelf-life of mushroom was validated by analyzing the visual appearance and firmness. Further, CjEO-CSNP prevented weight loss and respiration rate, and improved the antioxidant activity of mushrooms. CjEO-CSNP also exhibited high safety profile (LD50= > 1200 mg/Kg body weight) without altering the sensory quality of coated mushrooms. Overall, CjEO-CSNP might be used as promising candidate to lengthen the shelf-life of button mushroom.

Genetic diversity and structure among four provenances of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) and implications for gene conservation and rehabilitation of degraded peat swamp forest in Indonesia

Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) is an important pioneer species of tropical peat swamp forests in Indonesia. We collected 95 DNA of dry leaf samples in four provenances in Indonesia (South Sumatera, Bangka, South Kalimantan, Papua) and 8 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic correlation and genetic diversity which plays an important role in providing survival, reducing inbreeding, and preventing inferior offspring to meet forest rehabilitation needs. Our study revealed that the genetic diversity of gelam was comparably high due to geographical isolation and divided into five clusters. The genetic diversity among provenances and individuals within provenances was 7.11% and 14.85%, respectively. Papua showed the highest genetic diversity, based on the effective number of alleles, Shannon index, expected heterozygosity, allelic richness, and number of private alleles. The highest heterozygosity and rare alleles were found in South Kalimantan and Bangka. However, the coefficient of inbreeding was significant within provenances (p < 0.05) for all provenances, indicating inbreeding. We detected significant differences in heterozygosity using a two-phase model and a stepwise mutation model in a bottleneck test, although there was no significant difference when using an infinite allele model. These results suggest that the high genetic diversity among provenances could promote the future breeding programs and develop conservation strategies for gelam.

Economic Value of Environmental Services of Swamp Land Ecosystem (A Case Study in the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Kalimantan Selatan)

About 22,000 hectares are planned to be converted to oil palm plantations by the local government. However, this area has been the source of livelihood for the Banjar people for generations. This economic-environmental services valuation was carried out using a total valuation approach. Previous studies have shown that swamps have economic benefits as a source of water for rice farming (Oryza sativa), timber (Melaleuca cajuputi), fisheries, handicraft crops (Eleocharis dulcis), and for drinking water. They also have ecological benefits in biological functions such as fish feed and breeding grounds, Galam (Melaleuca leucadendron) breeding, water storage, carbonate stocks, and biodiversity value. The total economic value was 21.3 million IDR per ha, with a ratio of the economic value of 7.15% and the value of ecosystem services (ecological) of 92.85%.

Effect of Compaction Pressure and Sawdust Size on Briquette Made from Ulin Wood (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) and Gelam Wood (Melaleuca Cajuputi) to Combustion Characteristics

&lt;p class="00textwithouttab"&gt;In Kalimantan, gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) grows naturally in the swamp forest reaching 40 m with a diameter around 35 cm. Gelam wood is very resistant to acid soil in the swamp forest. Despite of it’s small diameter, gelam wood is very strong. This wood is usually used as the main house, as mold or mall support in casting concrete. Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is a typical plant of Kalimantan. In this study, the ignition duration, burning speed, and ash weight from briquette made from mixture of ulin and gelam sawdust was investigated. Size of sawdust used for briquette was varied for 40, 50, and 60 mesh while compaction pressure during briquette production was varied for 100, 125 and 150 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The study shows that the highest combustion temperature at 178 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C occurred for briquette with compaction pressure of 150 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Meanwhile, the lowest combustion temperature was obtained in briquette witch compaction pressure of 100 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

Antiviral Potential of Eucalyptus Oil (Melaleuca cajuputi) as the Primary Protease Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Revealed by Molecular Docking

The disease caused by the Corona Virus has afflicted hundreds of millions of individuals. The virus that causes the disease is SARS-CoV-2. To treat a variety of ailments, the Indonesian population favours the usage of medicinal herbs. The 1,8- cineol, karyophyllene, limonene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, dan β-pinene chemicals are present in eucalyptus oil (Melaleuca cajuputi) used in traditional medicine. This research was undertaken in silico to investigate the efficacy of these drugs as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors. The 1,8- cineol, karyophyllene, limonene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, dan β-pinene chemicals were molecularly docked using AutoDock Vina. Berdasarkan hasil molecular docking diperoleh Gibbs free energy (ΔG) dari kariofilen (-5.6 Kkal/mol), 1,8-cineole (-5.2 Kkal/mol), α-terpineol (-5.0 Kkal/mol), α-pinen (-4.9 Kkal/mol), β-pinen (-4.9 Kkal/mol), dan limonen (-4.8 Kkal/mol). Based on the results, the molecular docking data on these compounds likewise demonstrated no RMSD value greater than 2 Å. It indicates that the connection between the receptor and ligand is stable and that the response can occur spontaneously. The active site of the Mpro enzyme is the amino acid residue, where the interaction between the receptor and ligand occurs. Based on the bioactivity test, it can be inferred that the 1,8- cineol, karyophyllene, limonene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, dan β-pinene chemicals have varying bioactivities on different pharmacological targets. Because they satisfy Lipinski's requirements, these chemicals can also be utilized as oral medications. In addition, the toxicity test demonstrated that the test ligands exhibited minimal toxicity.

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Major Habitats and Species in Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve, Vietnamese Mekong Delta

The study assessed the vulnerability of habitats and species to climate change in Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve (NR), Vietnam. The vulnerability assessment tools for habitat and species were developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Community members, NR managers and experts in the fields of environment, economic and rural development were involved in this study. The results showed that saltwater intrusion and inundation could cause serious threats to habitats (i.e., open water, Lung, agricultural and Melaleuca habitats) and freshwater species. The combined impacts of drought and high temperature potentially increase forest fires for the Melaleuca habitat and decrease the quantity and quality of open water habitats. The Melaleuca and Lung habitats have a high baseline conservation status, in which Melaleuca habitats are more vulnerable than Lung habitats. Conversely, open water and agricultural habitats are at low baseline conservation status, but open water habitats are more vulnerable. In addition, the proliferation of invasive alien species, encroachment on agricultural cultivation, and the degradation of water quality are also great threats to the NR. Key species, including Melaleuca cajuputi, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Chitala ornate, Channa micropeltes, were at low threat of climate change. However, C. ornate and C. micropeltes are seriously endangered by seawater intrusion, drought and poor water quality. The findings of this study can provide essential information for NR managers to formulate water management plans for the protection and management of the habitats and species in Lung Ngoc Hoang NR.

The effects of melaleuca cajuput oil (Melaleuca cajuputi) herbal treatment on clinical, laboratory, and radiological improvement and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients

The effects of melaleuca cajuput oil (Melaleuca cajuputi) herbal treatment on clinical, laboratory, and radiological improvement and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients

Association among Lepironia articulata Cyperaceae, peat soil and people in Wanggate, Mappi, Papua

Wanggate is a small village that is surrounded by water like a small island in the wetland area. A creek connecting to a main river is a mean of transportation to reach Mappi or another nearby village. Next to the river, population of grass were living and periodically waterlogged by the river. L. articulate, a species under Cyperaceae family, grows abundantly in small lake or pool that has connection to the river. Dark green color is a sign of L. articulata presence. The grass could reach up to 2 m tall and lives above water. Relationship among people, plants with peat soil has been present since a long time. The research was undertaken to understand more about the association. The nature of this study was descriptive with interviews to obtain ethnobotanical data. Fifty plot-wise sampling technique was used to collect data. The result shows that L. articulata shrub was the habitat of freshwater fishes like nila (Oreochormis niloticus), Channa sp. and shrimps. People has been dependent to fisheries from the lake and grasses for living. They make bags, arm straps, traditional hats, umbrellas, mats, kitchen utensils like baskets and plates, clothes and roofs from L. articulata. Peat soil was found in 31 plots and 28 of those plots were covered by L. articulata. Association index between of L. articulata and peat soil was 0.875 and dominance index of the plant was 0.868. The other plants, Melaleuca cajuputi, were found in 3 plots. The research discovered Paspalum conjugatum, grass-type vegetation, which associated with mineral soil like sago palm (Metroxylon sago).

Stem volume functions for Melaleuca cajuputi trees in Southwestern Region

The objective of this study was to construct standing stem and commercial timber volume functions at the individual tree level of Melaleuca cajuput plantations. The inside bark and outside bark stem volume functions were constructed from 56 sample trees at the diameter classes of 4 to 16 cm. The appropriate volume functions are tested from five candidate functions. The applicability of the volume functions were tested from 10 trees that were not included in the construction of the volume functions. The research results showed that the function V = a + b(D2 * H)c was a suitable function to build the inside bark stem volume function of Melaleuca cajuput. The function V = a + b(D2H) + c(DdHe) was a suitable function to build the outside bark stem and commercial timber volume functions of Melaleuca cajuput. The volume functions gave errors less than 5.0%. Compared with the inside bark stem volume, the average ratio for the outside bark stem volume, inside bark and outside bark commercial timber volume, and bark volume was 65.7%, 95.2%, 60.6% and 34.3%, respectively.

PENDUGAAN TINGGI TANAMAN KAYU PUTIH (Melaleuca Cajuputi) UNTUK EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN REHABILITASI DAS

Watershed Rehabilitation activities are one of the efforts in carrying out soil and water conservation. Evaluation of plant growth Watershed rehabilitation needs to be carried out to determine the success of these activities. In a case study at the Gunung Batu block location, it was found that there was a positive and strong correlation between the variable height dimension increase and crown diameter increase in Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) plants. The regression equation was built using the dimensional variables of Total Plant Height as a result of ground sampling and the diameter of the crown as a result of orthophoto drone interpretation. By using 4 regression equation models, it was concluded that the best coefficient of determination was generated from the exponential regression model with a value of = 0.96 with the equation y = 0.3016e1.3573x which was built using a height class of 20 cm. The accuracy test was carried out to see how far the standard deviation of the model was. Estimation of the height of 23 Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) plants with a height range of 1.2 to 3.5 meters was carried out using 4 regression equation models, where the data were plant data that were not used in building 4 models. The best standard deviation value produced is 0.11 meters which is obtained from the range of plant heights from 1.2 to 1.8 meters using the exponential regression model equation.

Optimization of Antibacterial Production of Endophytic Fungi with Various Sources of C, N, and pH using The Response Surface Methodology

Secondary metabolites extract of McB1 endophytic fungi from gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.) leaves have a high potential antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 with flavonoids and phenol as bioactive compound. The low production of secondary metabolites extract in the cultivation stage and the high potential antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds produced by McB1 endophytic fungi require special treatment for optimize the secondary metabolites product. This is possibly achieved by optimizing the composition of the cultivation media, where various sources of carbon, nitrogen, and pH produce different amounts and classes of secondary metabolites. The objectives of the research to obtain the optimum interaction between sources of carbon, nitrogen, and pH for the production of secondary metabolite extract using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the highest extract (0.25 g) with the composition of sucrose as carbon source, yeast extract as nitrogen source, and pH 6. Based on the optimization of the medium with a variation of 4.5 gL-1 sucrose, 0.48 gL-1 yeast extract, and pH 6.1 yielded 0.34 g of secondary metabolites extract of McB1 endophytic fungi. The chromatogram profile of the optimized secondary metabolite extract showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and tannins.

Unveiling the cellular and molecular mode of action of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. essential oil against aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored maize samples

This study aimed to reveal the bio-efficacy of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (McEO) against aflatoxigenic fungi and lipid peroxidation causing deterioration of stored maize samples. Three different toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, namely AF-LHP-M2, AF-LHP-SP2, and AF-LHP-VS8 were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of EO revealed the presence of α-pinene (49.24%) as major compound. Investigation on efficacy showed that McEO exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against growth and AFB1 production by AF-LHP-M2 (2.0 and 1.4 μL mL−1, respectively), AF-LHP-SP2 (1.2 and 1.0 μL mL−1, respectively), and AF-LHP-VS8 (0.8 μL mL−1) (p < 0.05). The McEO inhibited fungal growth via inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, cellular constituents' leakage, and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential, while AFB1 production by inhibition of intracellular methylglyoxal. Further, molecular docking study was carried out to unveil the binding affinities of major compounds with the target protein Nor-1 (primarily catalyze an important step in AFB1 biosynthesis), and the results revealed good correlation with the experimental findings. In addition, McEO showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity with IC50 values 3.16 and 4.29 μL mL−1, respectively. Interestingly, McEO inhibited AFB1 production, and malondialdehyde content in fumigated maize samples without significantly (p < 0.05) changing their sensory attributes, ascertaining its efficacy in food system with high safety profile (LD50 = 1800 mg kg−1 body weight) on mice model. The overall results proved McEO's potential as natural food preservative of stored food products.

Diseases Severity, Genetic Variation, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis Wilt on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia.

Ceratocystis wilt disease has caused significant mortality in duku (Lansium domesticum) since 2014 and has now spread to all districts in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, 16 isolates from duku representing populations from various districts in South Sumatra were isolated. Analysis for the morphological characteristic of the isolate showed that the population has a uniform morphology. Genetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences verified that the population has being dominated by the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata and a new ITS group, the ITS7b haplotype that was localized in Musi Banyuasin. Both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to duku. Inoculation tests on various forest and agroforestry plant hosts showed that both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to Acacia mangium, moderately pathogenic to Acacia carsicarpa, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Melaleuca cajuputi, but weakly pathogenic to Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, and Alstonia scholaris. Therefore, this pathogen becomes a serious threat to Indonesia’s biodiversity due to its ability to infect forest and agroforestry plants, especially the indigenous ones.

The Activity of Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) at Plantation Forest in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a quite adaptive animal so it could be found in a diverse range of habitat types, one of the habitats is Plantation Forest on peatlands. This study aims to obtain the information about the activity of long-tailed macaque related to habitat utilization at Plantation The operational activities in the Plantation Forest can affect the activities of long-tailed macaque, changing of food sources, and they have a potential to attack the Acacia plants, so it’s necessary to do research about the activity of long-tailed macaque related to the habitat utilization at Plantation Forest and to acknowledge the types of plants used by long-tailed macaque for food and shelter. This research is a descriptive study and the data are obtained through a focal animal sampling method in April and May 2019 at the Plantation Forest in Sungai Penyabungan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The focal animal sampling method used at 7.00-17.00 WIB with using interval of 10 minutes. Based on the study, the long-tailed macaque used the active time to feed (24.60%), rest (25.58%), move (27.92%), and social activities (21.89%) included vocalization, agonistic, and grooming. The vegetation parts consumed by the long-tailed macaque are leaves (42.30%), fruits (34.62%), and flowers (23.08%). The vegetation used as food is Acacia crassicarpa, Melaleuca cajuputi, and Melastoma malabathricum. The plant that’s most often used as food and shelter is Acacia crassicarpa.

Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi (L.) Powell) Oil Yield and Cineole Analysis in Ex-Coal Mining Land with Monoculture and Agroforestry Patterns

Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) has the potential to be developed with monoculture and agroforestry patterns in ex-coal mining land. This study aimed to analyze the oil yield and cineole content of cajuput planted with monoculture and agroforestry and patterns in ex-coal mining land. The research design used a split-split plot design with three factors: planting pattern, fertilizer dosage, and lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) plant spacing. The variables measured included the oil yield and cineole content of cajuput. This study was conducted in cajuput monoculture and agroforestry patterns with lemongrass G2 variety and Sitrona 2 Agribun variety, with various spacing. The study was conducted for six months, with one harvest of cajuput leaves in the sixth month. The results showed that lemongrass’s planting pattern and plant spacing significantly affected cajuput oil yield. However, treatment of the dosage of fertilizer had no significant effect on cajuput oil yield. The treatment of lemongrass plant spacing only significantly affected cineole content, but planting patterns and fertilizer dosages had no significant effect. The cajuput agroforestry with the Sitrona 2 Agribun variety produced the highest oil yield (2.84%) and cineole content (50.70%), compared to the monoculture pattern and cajuput agroforestry with G2 variety. The lemongrass plant spacing of 0.5 m x 0.5 m produced the highest oil yield (2.73%) and cineole content (52.98%) compared to 1 m x 1 m plant spacing Cymbopogon nardus. Keywords: agroforestry, cineole, essential oil, ex-coal mining, Melaleuca cajuputi

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell

Melaleuca cajuputi Powell is a tree species belonging to the family Myrtaceae and is widely used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities of essential oils of M. cajuputi Powell. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using the agar disc diffusion method. The essential oils of M. cajuputi were found to exert antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The zones of inhibition for S. aureus, S. pyogenes, MRSA, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae were 12.7 mm, 10.7 mm, 10.0 mm, 8.7 mm and 9.3 mm respectively, against 0.714% (w/w) of the essential oils. These results highlighted that Gram negative bacteria are less susceptible to the essential oils of M. cajuputi. A large zone of inhibition might be a sign of a leaching antimicrobial agent. These findings suggest that M. cajuputi is a potential natural antibacterial agent.

Short-Term Effect of In Situ Biochar Briquettes on Nitrogen Loss in Hybrid Rice Grown in an Agroforestry System for Three Years

Kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) waste has the potential via in situ biochar briquettes to overcome the low availability of nitrogen in soil. This study evaluated the short-term effects of in situ biochar briquettes on nitrogen loss reduction and determined an optimum scenario for hybrid rice grown in an agroforestry system among kayu putih stands. This three-year experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a randomised complete block design factorial with three blocks as replications. The treatments included biochar briquettes made from kayu putih waste (0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-grain plant−1 or 0, 5, 10, and 15 tonnes ha−1) and urea fertiliser (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha−1). The results demonstrated that the eco–environmental scenario was the most efficient strategy that improved the soil quality, the physiological characteristics, and the yield of the hybrid rice with the optimum application of the biochar briquettes at 5.54-grain plant−1 and the urea fertiliser at 230.08 kg ha−1. This alternative approach illustrated a reduction in both the usage of urea fertiliser and the loss of nitrogen by 23.31% and 26.28%, respectively, while increasing the yield of the hybrid rice by 24.73%, as compared to a single application of 300 kg urea ha−1 without biochar briquettes.

Differences in Biochar Sources for Controlled Nitrogen Loss in a Hybrid Maize Agroforestry System with Melaleuca cajuputi

Biochar is used to improve soil fertility and control nitrogen loss in soil. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between biochar sources, namely Melaleuca cajuputi waste and rice husk, for controlled nitrogen loss in hybrid maize planted between Melaleuca cajuputi stands. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was composed of biochar sources (BS), i.e., without biochar application (WB), Melaleuca cajuputi biochar (MCB), and rice husk biochar (RHB). The subplot was the urea fertilizer dosage, i.e., 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg/ha. The observation parameters were nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf photosynthesis rate (LPR), nitrogen loss (NL), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and seed yield per hectare (SY). The data were analyzed with ANCOVA and LS-means. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mixing MCB or RHB in UF for all hybrid maize parameters, whereas significant differences were observed with WB. The NL values ​​of MCB and RHB were 13.85 and 13.08 kg/ha N, i.e., NL was significantly reduced by 70.90% and 72.51%, and the percentage of SY increased by 28.60% and 37.94% compared to WB, respectively.

Physicochemical properties, chemical components, and antibacterial activity of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell essential oil leaves from Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT. Essential oil (EO) was extracted from Melaleuca cajuputi Powell leaves using the steam distillation method. The main aim of this study is to determine several physicochemical properties of EO, including acid value, saponification value, ester value, relative density, absolute density, and freezing point. In addition, the chemical components were also analyzed using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. The obtained 1,8-cineol content is quite high (71.83%). In addition, these components in EO had an antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (using the paper disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing). Particularly, this EO inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923).&#x0D; &#x0D; KEY WORDS: Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant capacity, GC-MS, Essential oil, Melaleuca cajuputi Powell.&#x0D; &#x0D; Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(3), 677-683.&#x0D; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i3.18

Role of the Tree Species Selected in Developing Swampy Forest System for Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage

Coal mining is one of economic sector that requires forestry area in Indonesia. Most of coal mining concession are forestry area loan use from the government and during mining operation facing with acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD passive treatment can be integrated with revegetation process that related with better handling of overburden (OB) with potential acid forming (PAF) during reclamation processed. The most expensive methods and uncertainty process are the use of quick lime in treatment of AMD. During operation and preparing mine closure stage need to create the effective one to comply with the regulation. “Swampy Forest (SF) system” is an alternative method of sustainable and naturally process. Selecting the appropriate tree species as a preliminary process to develop a better SF system by batch experiment in the form of a forest constructed wetland. The tree species selected are Nauclea orientalis (lonkida tree) and Melaleuca cajuputi (kayuputih tree) as non-local species then Nauclea subdita (bangkal tree) and Melaleuca leucadendron (galam tree) as local species have been selected. Local species higher in Fe and Mn adsorption in pH of AMD &lt;4 then nonlocal species higher in Fe and Mn adsorption on pH of AMD &gt;4 condition.