Extract Gel Research Articles

Investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of leaves ethanolic extracts of Cedruslibani and Pinusbrutia

This investigation aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cedruslibani and Pinusbrutia leaves. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay and Albumin denaturation assay using Sodium diclofenac as a positive control. To evaluate the analgesic property, formalin and tail flick tests were carried out using ethanolic extracts at a dose of 30 mg/kg and gel containing 2% (w/v) of ethanolic extract of each plant. Diclofenac sodium, diclofenac gel 1% and lidocaine gel 2 % were used as positive controls. ResultsThe effect of inhibiting hemolysis was observed at concentrations (2.5–12.5) μg/ml for P. brutia, and (2.5–25) μg/ml for C. libani. Moreover, albumin denaturation test showed protection effect for both plant extracts with IC50 of 47.74 and 81.50 μg/ml for C. libani and P. brutia extract, consecutively. In Formalin test, both extracts could significantly reduce paw licking time, and in tail flick test, each plant extract gel showed greater efficacy than diclofenac gel by calculating the maximum possible effect (MPE %) for both extracts and Diclofenac. ConclusionWe concluded that both extracts showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentrations when compared to standard drug of diclofenac as well as analgesic activity in formalin and tail flick tests.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava) AND SENDUDUK LEAVES (Melastoma malabathricum L.) EXTRACT GEL TOWARDS THE INFLAMMATION MARKERS AND COLLAGENS ON INDUCED MALE RATS (SPRAGUE DAWLEY) WITH DIABETES

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a mixed extract gel from Melastoma malabathricum L. (ML) and Psidium guajava leaves (PG) on inflammatory markers and collagen distribution wound tissue in rats (Sprague Dawley) induced with diabetes. This was an experimental study with a randomized block design to 20 male rats divided into 4 treatment groups. Group 1 is negative control (gel blank), Group 2 is positive control (clindamycin gel), Group 3 used 4% gel formula mixture of ML + PG leaves, and Group 4 used 6% gel formula, a mixture of ML + PG leaves extract the gel. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.001) in total Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) treated with 6% extract gel (ML + PG) from a level of 25.0 pg/mL on the 2nd day to 1.68 pg/mL on the 6th day. The smallest wound diameter was 0.75 mm2 as observed on the 6th day in rats treated with 6% extract gel (ML + PG). The largest distribution of collagen area was 219,8 (86,2%) treated by 6% extract gel (ML + PG).

Efektivitas Gel Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Peningkatan Jumlah Fibroblas pada Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Gingivektomi

Gingivectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at eliminating pseudo pocket in gingival hyperplasia, and also to obtain a good gingival margin aesthetic. The process of wound healing after gingivectomy takes a long time. Fibroblasts are cells that takes an important role in the process of wound healing. One alternative treatment giving medication by applying Robusta coffee bean extract gel which acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in the wound healing process. The objective was to determine the potential and optimal concentration of Robusta coffee bean extract gel to increase the number of fibroblast cells in post-gingivectomy wound healing phase. This study used 32 male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. All male wistar rats were treated with gingivectomy in the left mandibular first molar tooth area. The first group as a negative control did not apply any drug, the second group applied 40% robusta coffee extract gel, the third group applied 50% robusta coffee extract gel, and the fourth group 60% robusta coffee extract gel was applied. On the 3rd and 7th day, the experimental animals in all groups were decapitated to do a histological examination of fibroblasts in post-gingivectomy wounds phase. The result showed that applied robusta coffee extract gel present higher number of fibroblasts than the negative control group. The group of 40% dan 50% shows a significant difference of the number of fibroblasts on the 3rd and 7th day. The conclusion was robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) potential to increase the number of fibroblasts in wound healing phase after gingivectomy, with an effectivity concentration of 40% and 50%.

Antitumor and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera leaf gel extract

The purpose of the study was to determine the in-vitro antitumor and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera gel extract by evaluating the cytotoxic effect of extract and Zoladex (goserelin) on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), in addition to measure the antioxidant activity to find out this kind of anticancer drug, which is a cheap, safe, less toxic, and more active drug contrasted to chemotherapy drug. The cytotoxic effect evaluated by cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay), while the activity of the Aloe Vera gel as antioxidant was tested using a scavenging test of free radical (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity)(ORAC). Treatment of the extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), in all concentrations, indicateda decrease in cell viability percentage with the concentration increasing. Aloe vera extract showed its best activity in the concentration of 400 ìg/ml. The same results observed with Zoladex treatment for breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) which represented a decrease in cell viability percentage with the concentration increasing. Aloe vera gel extract was more than to the activity of Zoladex drug and revealed that Aloe vera extract exhibits good cytotoxic activity. The antioxidant properties of the Aloe vera gel extract was effective. Antioxidant activities of Aloe Vera gel extract were estimated using different concentrations starting with 200 µg/ml, 100µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml and, 12.5µg/ml. Aloe Vera gel extract have the maximum scavenging activity at 200 µg/ml.

Efektivitas Gel Esktrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap Penyembuhan Ulser Pada Tikus Wistar

Ulcer is a lesion that is often found in the oral cavity that causes discomfort, pain, difficulty speaking and difficulty eating. Nowdays, herbal ingredients are widely used as alternative medicine choice besides drugs on the market. Pandan leaf contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and polyphenols which have antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant abilities, allowing faster healing of ulcers. Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pandanus leaf extract gel on healing ulcers and determine the most effective concentration in healing ulcers. This study used 25 Wistar rats divided into 5 groups, which were applied CMC-Na gel, aloclair gel, 25%, 50% dan 75% pandan wangi leaf extract gel. Each rat was made ulcer by heating the stopper amalgam on the bunsen fire for 30 seconds, then touching to the left buccal mucosa for 1 second, and waiting for 2x24 hours to form an ulcer. Giving the gel every morning and evening and measure the diameter of ulcers every day. This study showed healing time and decrease ulcer diameter pandanus leaf extract gel faster than negative control. The average recovery day was negative control for 9.8 days, positive control for 8 days, pandanus leaf extract gel concentration 25% for 8.6 days, concentration 50% for 8 days, and concentration 75% for 6.8 days. Pandan leaf extract gel accelerated ulcer healing and 75% concentration is the most effective.

Activity Test of Taro Leaf Extract Gel (Colocasia esculenta [L]) as an Accelerated Healing of Type II Burns in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) With HPMC Base

Taro leaves have activity as an acceleration of burn healing and contain secondary metabolites of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids which are known to help accelerate the healing of burns. The gel preparation was chosen because it consists of small inorganic particles or very large inorganic atoms, which are penetrated by the liquid. The gel has a more pronounced water content compared to other semi-solid arrangements. Once the water content is gone after use, it will give a cool sensation to the skin. In this study, a gel formulation was carried out with 3 variations in the concentration of taro leaf extract of 5%, 10% and 20%. The preparations were then subjected to physical evaluation consisting of organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH analysis, viscosity, adhesion and spreadability. Based on the test results, it was found that formula III is the most optimal formula. Burns testing on 5 rabbits that had been injured found the percentage of burn healing, formula 1 was 54%, formula II was 62% and formula III was 69%. The results of statistical analysis showed that the data were homogeneously distributed (p = > 0.05) and the data were normally distributed (p = > 0.05).Keywords: Burns, taro leaf extract, Colocasia escluenta L, Rabbit, Octolygus cuniculus

Formulation and effectivity testing of pining fruit extract gel (Hornstedtia alliacea) for healing burns

Background: Pining fruit is a traditional medicinal plant employed to treat burns for its content of active natural ingredients such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins acting as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate the best formula for gel preparations and test the effectiveness of pining fruit extract gel preparations for healing burns. Methods: Evaluation tests of the gel preparations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and viscosity tests. The gel effectiveness test was conducted in five treatment groups for 14 days. The data were analysed statistically using the one-way ANOVA method followed by the LSD (Least Significant Different) test. Results: The physical evaluation of pining fruit gel preparations, i.e. organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersion, and viscosity tests on all three formulas (F1, F2, and F3), met the requirements. The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference in the experimental group with a score of 0.022 (p < 0.05). Hence, the most effective formula for curing burns was F3, with a 1.5% extract concentration and a healing percentage of 19.175%.

Effects of 3% binahong ( Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract gel on alveolar bone healing in post-extraction tooth socket wound in Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus)

Background: Binahong ( Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) STEENIS) is a widely available herbal plant in Indonesia and has been intensely researched for its healing abilities due to its biological activities, but few have studied its capability in accelerating hard tissue healing in post-extraction tooth sockets. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of 3% binahong leaf extract gel on alveolar bone healing in post-extraction sockets in Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to twelve groups. After the extraction of the left mandibular incisor, sockets in Group I to IV were given 3% binahong leaf extract gel, group V to VIII were given a control gel, and group IX to XII were given Gengigel ® for 14 days. The residual socket volume (RSV) and fibroblast proliferation were observed on the 3 rd, 7 th, and 14 th day post-extraction, while the osteoblast and osteocyte proliferation were observed on the 7 th, 14 th, and 28 th day post-extraction. The RSV data were analysed using repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, while the histopathological data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the binahong group had the lowest RSV and the highest fibroblast proliferation compared to the other groups on the 7th day (p<0.05) and the highest osteoblast and osteocyte proliferation compared to the other groups on the 14 th day (p<0.05). Conclusion: The experiment showed that 3% binahong leaf extract gel could accelerate wound closure, which was characterized by a greater decrease in the RSV value in comparison to the other treatment groups and could enhance alveolar bone healing by increasing the proliferation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF THE GEL AND LEAF OF Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis MILLER) ON SELECTED MICROORGANISMS

Objectives: Phytochemical constitutents and antimicrobial property of the aqueous extract of the gel and leaf extract on some pathogenic microorganisms. The phytochemical determined include Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids and Alkaloids. The gel of Aloe vera extract had its highest antibacterial activity on B. subtilis (23.33±0.88) and highest antifungal activity on C. albicans (16.00±2.31). While the leaf of Aloe vera extract had its highest antibacterial activity on B. substilis and S. aureus (21.33±0.88) and highest antifungal activity on C. albicans (21.00±3.22). Comparatively, the Aloe vera gel extracts showed better antimicrobial activity than the Aloe vera leaf extracts against the pathogenic microorganisms in the study. The antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf extracts were compared to those of orthodox antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Ketoconanzone). From the results, the Aloe vera plant (gel and leaf) extracts showed better antimicrobial activity than the orthodox antibiotics, therefore, Aloe vera plant extracts have shown to have the ability to overcome antibiotics resistances amongst microorganisms. Results of the study on the gel and leaf extracts of Aloe vera indicates its potential as a source of chemotherapuetic agent that may be useful in medicine.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF POLYHERBAL FACE CREAM

Objective: The aim of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate polyherbal face cream using ethanolic extracts of Aloe Vera gel, Neem, Turmeric and Mint.&#x0D; Methods: Extraction was done by the cold maceration technique. The cream was prepared by using the slab technique for homogeneous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extracts. Three formulations of Oil in Water (O/W) type herbal cream were developed, namely F1, F2, and F3.&#x0D; Results: All the formulations were evaluated for various physical characteristics viz. pH 6.1-6.3, Spreadability 5-7.5gcm/sec, Viscosity 591-638 Cps, Extrudibility 2564-5102 g/cm2, good appearance and no phase separation was observed. Based on the results, F1 was found to be an optimized formulation with a smooth texture, good spreadability, extrudability and adequate viscosity. Stability studies as per ICH (International Council on Harmonisation) guidelines, revealed that the optimized formulation was stable at 25 °C±1 °C and 6% RH.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results and discussion, the prepared formulations were found to be yellow in colour with a pleasant odour and smooth texture. All the formulations had almost constant pH, homogenous, emollient and non-greasy. As single plant extract possibly cannot increase the extent of efficiency of medicinal and cosmetic property compared to polyherbal plant extract. Considering that, we mixed polyherbal extracts to improve the cosmetic properties of the prepared polyherbal face cream. Hence it can be concluded that the cream was stable and can be safely used topically.

Larvicidal Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Aloe vera Gel Extract against Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Background:There is a worldwide interest in metal nanoparticles synthesized by various chemical reactions for use in biomedical applications. These processes exhibit a broad range of toxicity in non-target organisms. To avoid chemical toxicity, green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Aloe vera (A. vera) leaf extract is a medicinal agent with multiple properties, including antibacterial effects. Its constituents include lignin, pectin and hemicellulose, which can be used in the reduction of silver ions to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).Objective:The study aimed at the use of naturally occurring compounds as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and investigation of the insecticidal activity of these compounds against Musca domestica (M. domestica) larvae.Methods:Phytochemical analysis of A. vera gel extract was done and the phytochemical components were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. AgNPs and encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles (CsNPs) were prepared by an eco-friendly method using A. vera gel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. A. vera-AgNPs and A. vera encapsulated CsNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis spectrum), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Then the insecticidal activity of these compounds was investigated against late second instar larvae of the house fly.Results:The most active ingredients identified by GC-MS analysis were Terpene and Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average size of about 12-75 nm, as revealed by TEM. While encapsulated CsNPs ranged between 34-75 nm and the shape seemed spherical with dark parts confirming the encapsulated plant extract. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the successful encapsulation of the gel extract within the chitosan nanoparticles. Results proved the insecticidal potential of the tested compounds against M. domestica larvae, and the relative potency of encapsulated CsNPs was nearly 148.51 times more potent than A. vera crude extract whereas AgNPs was nearly 40.65 times more potent than A. vera crude extract. Furthermore, a prolongation of larval duration and reduction in the percentage pupation and adult emergence were observed.Conclusion:Overall, green-synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles have the potential for application as a biopesticide for house fly population control through the use of a safer and costeffective approach.

The effect of an 8% cocoa bean extract gel on the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction in Wistar rats

Background: Alveolar osteitis is a well-known complication that occurs following a tooth extraction when the clot within the socket breaks down too early, causing increased localised inflammation and extreme pain. Alveolar osteitis delays the wound healing process of the socket. The polyphenols in the cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) can stimulate the wound healing process. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of an 8% cocoa bean extract gel on the healing of alveolar osteitis following a tooth extraction. Methods: This study is an in vivo experiment with a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a negative control, positive control and an 8% cocoa bean extract gel. A tooth extraction was performed on the mandibular incisor, and alveolar osteitis was induced by the application of adrenaline using a paper point on the socket. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days, the clinical wound size of the extraction socket was measured, and the rats were sacrificed to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts and osteoblasts microscopically. A two-way analysis of variance test and post hoc least significant difference test were used to analyse the data (p &lt; 0.05). Results: The data analysis showed a significant difference in the clinical wound size of the extraction socket and the number of macrophages, fibroblasts and osteoblasts between the 8% cocoa bean extract gel and the control groups (p = 0.000). Conclusion: An 8% cocoa bean extract gel stimulates the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction in Wistar rats.

Wound Healing Activity of Galam Flower (Melaleuca Cajuputi Subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow) Methanol Extract Wistar Rats

Wound is an incontinence condition of skin or mucosal epithelial tissue due to physical or thermal damage. One of the plants that has the potential as a wound healer is gelam (Melaleuca sp). Gelam flower methanol extract has antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory level of 1.7 mg/mL. This study aimed to analyze the wound healing activity of gelam flower methanol extract (Melaleuca sp.) in Wistar strain rats that were initiated by the wound seen from the histology of the rat skin. This research uses posttest only method with control group design. Thirty male wistar rats were divided into five groups consisting of a positive control group, a negative control group, 1% gelam flower extract gel, 2% gelam flower extract gel, and 4% gelam flower extract gel. Based on histological data, the positive control treatment group and 4% gel treatment group gave the same results. Both indicate that the skin tissue has begun to connect. The conclusions the three gelam flower methanol extract gel formulas showed wound healing activity and the 4% gelam flower methanol extract gel (Melaleuca Sp.) gave the greatest wound healing activity.&#x0D; Keyword: Melaleuca sp, antibacterial activity, wound initiated healing

Formulasi Sediaan Gel Dari Ekstrak Etanol Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urb)

Indonesia is a rich country in terms of flora and fauna diversity. Indonesia's wealth with various types of flora is a highlight for science, one of which is the gotu kola herb (Centella asiatica (L) Urb). The chemical compound asiaticoside is part of the triperoids contained in the gotu kola herb which has the potential as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cellulite on the skin, suitable for topical preparations such as gels. This study aims to formulate a gel preparation from the ethanolic extract of the gotu kola herb (Centella asiatica (L) Urb) which meets the requirements of a good gel. The formulation of the gel preparation was carried out with concentrations of 20%, 25%, and 30%. Extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol and in a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract. Evaluation of the gel preparation was carried out by organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersibility test, adhesion test and irritation test. The results of the evaluation carried out with the three concentrations met the requirements of the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, adhesion test and irritation test, but the ethanol extract gel of the gotu kola herb at concentrations of 20%, 25% and 30% did not meet the requirements for the good dispersion test

Antitumor and antioxidant activity of Aloe vera leaf gel extract

The purpose of the study was to determine the In-vitro antitumor andantioxidant activity of Aloe vera gel extract by evaluating the cytotoxic effect of extract and Zoladex (goserelin) on breast cancer cell line (MCF- 7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), in addition to measure the antioxidant activity to find out this kind of anticancer drug, which is a cheap, safe, less toxic, and more active drug contrasted to chemotherapy drug. The cytotoxic effect evaluated by cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay), while the activity of the Aloe vera gel as antioxidant was tested using a scavenging test of free radical (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity)(ORAC). Treatment of the extract against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), in all concentrations, indicated a decrease in cell viability percentage with the concentration increasing. Aloe vera extract showed its best activity in the concentration of 400 μg/ml. The same results observed with Zoladex treatment for breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) which represented a decrease in cell viability percentage with the concentration increasing. Aloe vera gel extract was more than to the activity of Zoladex drug and revealed that Aloe vera extract exhibits good cytotoxic activity. The antioxidant properties of the Aloe vera gel extract was effective. Antioxidant activities of Aloe vera gel extract were estimated using different concentrations starting with 200 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml and, 12.5 μg/ml. Aloe vera gel extract have the maximum scavenging activity at 200 μg/ml.

Protective Effect of the Pearl Extract from Pinctada fucata martensii Dunker on UV‐Induced Photoaging in Mice

Although the effect of pearl powder has been recognized for more than a thousand years from healthcare to beauty care, there has yet to be an in-depth understanding of its anti-photoaging effect. In the present study, the protective effect of pearl extract (PE) on UV-induced photoaging in mice was evaluated. First, the amino acid analysis of PE was carried out. Then, different dosages of pearl extract gel (PEG) were applied topically on the shaved dorsal skins regions of mice before UV irradiation. Skin physiological and histological analysis, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factor test were used to evaluate the anti-photoaging effect of PEG. The results showed that PEG contained 14 amino acids, and could inhibit UV-irritated skin wrinkles, laxity, thickness, and dryness. Moreover, PEG upregulated the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, SOD and decreased MDA level, and suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 , TNF-α, and COX-2 in UV-irradiated mice. The therapeutic effect in high dose PEG group was superior to those of positive control (Vitamin E). This study demonstrated the underlying mechanisms of PEG against UV-irritated photoaging. And PEG possesses a potential use in photoprotective medicines and cosmetics.

Protective Effects of Aloe vera Gel Ethanolic Extract Against Streptozotocin-induced Hepato-pancreatic Toxicity in Female Albino Rats

Aims: Organ toxicity results from the accumulation of toxic substances in the organs which ultimately culminates in failure of the organ. Allopathic medications are not very effective in organ protection. Hence, it is imperative that a natural and safer organoprotective agent should be found.&#x0D; Study Design: To assess the organoprotective effect of Aloe vera gel against STZ for renal, hepato and pancreatic toxicity in albino Wistar rats.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Whole work had been completed at the Microbiology and Molecular biology labs of IMBB, The University of Lahore during 2019- 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Organoprotective ability of different doses of ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera (A. vera) gel was evaluated against intraperitoneal induction of 55mg/kg Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic, renal and hepatic toxicity in female albino Wistar rats by keeping metformin (100mg/kg) as a positive protective control.&#x0D; Results: Results revealed that 200 mg/kg ethanolic extracts of A. vera gel showed significant organoprotection as ALT (57.5±7.45I U/L), AST (39.8±3.45I U/L), ALP (438±103I U/L), urea (74.1±8.71mg/dl), creatinine (0.688±0.146 mg/dl), amylase (1247±75 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L) were significantly less than organotoxic control [ALT (103±7.23I U/L), AST (237±12.7I U/L), ALP (2092±195 U/L), Urea (153±18.6mg/dl), Creatinine (1.54±0.262 mg/dl), amylase (675±83 U/L) and lipase (12.2±1.04 U/L)], and these results were near or equal to organoprotective control [ALT (71.6±8.98I U/L), AST (121±28.1 U/L), ALP (916±103 U/L), urea (115±11.4mg/dl), creatinine (1.14±0.226 mg/dl), amylase (667±80 U/L) and lipase (16.6±2.02 U/L)]. The histopathological analysis also highlighted more organoprotection at this concentration as compared to other doses of extract.&#x0D; Conclusion: A. vera gel extract is an able organoprotective agent. This extract can be studied further for its active ingredients as a source of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agents.

WITHDRAWN: Oral toxicity studies of Ethyl Acetate Polyherbal Extract Gel Formulation Obtained from Berries and Flaxseed (EAPEG-BF) in Wistar Rats

Background: Berries family and flaxseed have been used in ethnomedicinal practice for the treatment of various disorders and different ailments. Despite its beneficial uses, no studies on its polyherbal formulated gel combination toxicity potential have been reported. The present research study was designed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity (14 days) and sub-acute oral toxicity (repeated dose) study (28 days) of ethyl acetate polyherbal extract gel formulation obtained from berries and flaxseed according to OECD TG No. 423 and 407. Objective: Male Wistar Rats were taken for toxicological screening of acute and sub-acute oral toxicity as per OECD guidelines of ethyl acetate polyherbal extract gel formulation obtained from berries (Rubus idaeus, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium angustifolium, Fragaria x ananassa) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg b.w. p.o. Methods: The rats were orally treated and screened for various behavioural patterns and the clinical signs of toxicity after administration. In sub-acute oral toxicity screening, the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg was selected for repeated dose toxicity for 28 days. The data of the results showed that no toxic symptoms were observed up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. When testing is required a dose of 5000mg/kg, only one step. There was no toxic symptoms and mortality were observed up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight during the 14 days of the observation. There is no visible change in the food intake and body weight when compared to control. Results: The toxicological study revealed that LD50 of the extract formulation gel was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight p.o. Conclusion: In comparison to the control group, there were no significant changes in levels of biochemical parameters and haematological parameters. It was concluded from the data obtained in this research study that though LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight; but there was no occurrence of observed adverse effects levels appeared in the liver, kidney, lipid profile and blood parameters.

Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. Burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, and fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that was analyzed from the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on day 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages and fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract gel could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

The Effectiveness of Mugwort Leaf Extract and Gotu Kola Leaf Extract against Acne Bacterial Activity

Acne is a problem among teenagers generally caused by bacterial infections such as Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica L.) extracts have antibacterial activity formulated in anti-acne gel preparations. The purpose of this study was to test and obtain a gel formula of mugwort leaf extract and gotu kola leaf extract which effectively kills and controls the growth of acne-causing bacteria. The methods used in this study include simplicity making, leaf extraction, making anti-acne gel preparations, testing pH, homogeneity, inhibition, and data analysis. The extract obtained by maceration was made in three concentrations, namely 2.50; 5.00; and 10.00%. The results showed that the pH value of the gel preparations obtained was in the range of 8.08-9.96. Mugwort leaf extract, gotu kola leaf, and mugwort-gotu kola have a distinctive smells with a thick texture at a concentration of 2.50% and a liquid texture at a concentration of 10.00%. Inhibition tests showed that the mugwort extract sample had a value of 16-18 mm, while the gotu kola extract and mugwort-gotu kola had a value of 14 mm. Mugwort leaf extract is able to inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria. This success was obtained because the extracts of mugwort and gotu kola leaves contain flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause acne. Mugwort leaf extract gel with a concentration of 2.50 and 5.00% had the largest zone of inhibition in inhibiting P. acnes bacteria compared to other concentrations.