Extract Gel Research Articles

Potential Nano Gel Extract of Avocute Fruit (Persea Americana Mill) as Alternative in Prevention of Inflammation in White Rats White Rats Post-Extraction Wounds

Complications after tooth extraction include inflammation, bleeding, edema, discomfort, and dry socket. Both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat inflammation. Using chemo drugs is not without side effects. Avocado seed is an herbal substance that is needed as an alternative therapy to reduce wound inflammation caused by tooth extraction. To prove the potential of nano gel (avocado seed extract) and can be applied as an alternative to prevent inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction of white rats. True experiment with randomized posttest with control group design. Consisting of intervention group nano gel avocado seed extract 10%, positive control group povidone iodine 10% and aquadest. Observations were made for 7 days. The variables studied were inflammation of the wound after tooth extraction of rats and histopathological examination (Lymphocytes, Neocapillary and Fibroblasts). According to the unpaired test results, there was no significant difference between the avocado and povidone groups (p=0.143), a significant difference between the avocado and aquadest groups (p=0.001), and a significant difference between the povidone and aquadest groups (p=0.001). p = 0.015). Application of avocado seed extract nanogels at concentrations of 10% and 10% povidone-iodine showed the same ability during wound regeneration and new blood vessel enlargement, and also reduced the number of lymphocyte inflammatory cells, as shown by histology Check confirmed. The administration of nano gel of avocado seed extract is effective and can be applied as an alternative to prevent inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction in white rats.

Thermoreversible gel of green tea extract: Formulation and evaluation for the management of periodontitis

Plant products have been extensively investigated for their application in the treatment of periodontitis owing to their therapeutic benefits with no major side effects. Further, increasing antimicrobial resistance associated with a constant intake of synthetic antimicrobials has led to a change in paradigm towards the use of phytochemical based formulations as antimicrobial therapy in periodontitis. With this background, our present investigation focuses on developing a novel thermoreversible gel of green tea extract (GT) which is well known for its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. In the first stage, the antimicrobial activity of GT was assessed against a panel of microbes (S. mutans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans). Antimicrobial activity of GT extract showed MBC value of 1.25 w/v % with desirable antiadhesion (34–69%) and antibiofilm activity (47–69%). In time kill assay, GT demonstrated time dependent killing varying sensitivity against tested pathogens. In the second stage, based on the MBC value, the thermoreversible gel of GT (GTTG) was formulated using thermosensitive polymer poloxamer 407 (19.5% w/v) and mucoadhesive polymer carbopol 934 (0.4%w/v). Formulated GTTG showed gelation temperature of 29 ± 1 °C, gelation time of 44.67 ± 1.15 s, gelation strength of 45 ± 1 g, the viscosity of 1659 ± 86 cPs and mucoadhesive strength of 1960 dyne/cm2. GTTG showed maximum release and permeation of marker phytochemical Epigallocatechin gallate in 48 and 96 h respectively. Finally, formulated GTTG when compared with gold standard antiplaque agent chlorhexidine gel for its antimicrobial potential showed greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) when tested against key periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis. Hence, the formulated novel GTTG could serve as an effective alternative local drug delivery with ease of administration and accurate dosing for the treatment of periodontitis.

Effect of aloe vera on lipid and sugar levels in male rats exposed to high doses of dexamethasone therapy

The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Aloe vera gel of the reduction in blood glucose and lipid level in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia rats. Twenty four male rats were divided into four groups (6 rats/group) and treated as follows for 28 days.G 1 were intubated orally distal water serving as control while, G2 were administrating of Dexamethason -induced diabetic 1 mg/kg/bw. Intraperitoneally, G3 were administrating of diabetic rats given Dexamethason 1mg/kg/bw. + Aloe vera leaf gel extract (300 mg/kg) using an intragastric tube, G4) were administrating of diabetic rats given Dexamethasone 1 mg/kg/bw. intraperitoneally + Aloe vera leaf gel extract (500 mg/kg) using an intragastric tube, the following criteria were measured sugar levels and blood lipid profile. The findings show that Aloe Vera had a significant decrease influence in serum glucose, cholesterol, TG, and VLDL and a significant decrease HDL. In conclusion, this study mention a new evidence of the role of Aloe Vera on the decreasing glucose, lipid profile.

Effect of aloe vera on antioxidant in male rats exposed to high doses of dexamethasone therapy, and histological on liver and pancreas

The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Aloe vera gel of the Antioxidant and histological on liver and pancreas. Twenty_four male rats were divided into four groups (6rats/group) and treated as follows for 28 days.G 1 were intubated orally distal water serving as control while, G2 were administrating of Dexamethason -induced diabetic 1 mg/kg/bw. Intraperitoneally, G3 were administrating of diabetic rats given Dexamethason 1mg/kg/bw. + Aloe vera leaf gel extract (300 mg/kg) using an intragastric tube, G4)were administrating of diabetic rats given Dexamethasone 1mg/kg/bw. intraperitoneally + Aloe vera leaf gel extract (500 mg/kg) using an intragastric tube, the following criteria were measuredAntioxidant and histological on liver and pancreas. The findings show that Aloe Vera had a significant decrease influence in serumAntioxidant (MDA, ACE, and HSP70). In conclusion, this study mentioned a new evidence of the role of Aloe Vera on the decreasing of antioxidant.

Formulasi Sediaan Gel dari Ekstrak Metanol Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Sebagai Penyembuh Luka Sayat Pada Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus)

The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a fruit that is often found. This versatile fruit has many benefits for humans. The benefits of avocado are as anti-hyperlipidemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, hypercholesterolemic, wound healing and prevent cancer. The aims of this study was to make avocado seed methanol extract into a gel preparation and to determine the effect of avocado seed methanol extract gel and at what concentration the effective treatment for wounds in mice and its comparison with Star Ag gel as a positive control. The research was conducted using an experimental method. The manufacture of avocado seed methanol exstract was carried out by maceration method using methanol as a solvent. The result of the study were statistically analyzed using One Way Anova. The result of the data analysis at a concentration of 5% obtained a sig value <0,05. Based on One Way Anova analysis of the five treatments, the most effective was avocado seed methanol extract gel with a concentration of 5%.

The compound losartan cream inhibits scar formation via TGF-β/Smad pathway

The role of angiotensin receptor blocker in wound healing and cutaneous fibrosis has become a hotspot in recent years. We have developed a losartan cream that is comparable to triamcinolone ointment in inhibiting scarring. Considering the effects of chitosan and asiaticoside on wound healing and scarring, we added them to the losartan cream this time and improved the formula, expecting to get a better anti-scarring effect. The effects of creams were investigated on mouse scar model with triamcinolone ointment, onion extract gel, and commercial asiaticoside cream set as positive controls. A preliminary exploration of the mechanism involved in TGF-β/Smad pathway was performed in vivo and in vitro. With all results of anti-scarring, the compound losartan cream (containing chitosan, asiaticoside, and losartan) shows the best effect, followed by the chitosan asiaticoside cream. The treatment of the compound losartan cream inhibited expression of TGF-β1, collagen, and Smads, and decreased phosphorylation of Smad in vivo. These inhibitory effects were also confirmed in vitro. Our findings indicated that the compound losartan cream could inhibit scarring via TGF-β/Smad pathway. This cream might be an effective option for scar treatment.

Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activity of Diterpenes and Bisnorsesquiterpenoides from the Latex of Euphorbia resinifera Berg.

Euphorbia resinifera latex has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine due to its range of bioactivities. Chromatographic separations on silica gel of ethanol extract of E. resinifera latex led to the development of a new procedure for isolating resiniferatoxin (4) via dried E. resinifera latex and the identification of nine compounds. Among these, catechol (7), protocatechuic acid (8) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (9), known phenolic compounds, were identified for the first time in E. resinifera latex. Herein we investigated the effects of major compounds of the latex of E. resinifera on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the growth of Aspergillus carbonarius, a widespread fungal contaminant, and on the breast cancer cell line MCF7 as well as on MCF10A normal breast cells. 12-deoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate-20-acetate (2) had an inhibiting effect on the growth of A. carbonarius, and 7-p-metoxyphenylacetate-3,8,12-triacetate ingol (3) showed a negative effect on yeast cell growth and also a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell line MCF7, but not on MCF10A cells. Deglucosyl euphorbioside A (5) and euphorbioside A (6) showed a discoloration effect that was possibly related to mitochondrial functionality in yeast, and also cytotoxicity only on the cancer cell line that was tested. Interestingly, treatment of MCF7 cells with 7-p-metoxyphenylacetate-3,8,12-triacetate ingol (3) and deglucosyl euphorbioside A (5) not only led to a specific cytotoxic effect but also to the increase in the level of intracellular ROS.

Formulation and Physical Stability Test Evaluations of Golden Sea Cucumber Extract Gel (Sticopus Hermanii) as Anti Periodontitis using Variations in Base Concentration

The prevalence of periodontitis is still quite high, which is about 74.1%. Periodontitis therapy is currently a combination of root debridement and antibiotica is still not satisfactory, especially for severe periodontitis and systemic diseases. Golden sea cucumber is a natural ingredient of marine life containing proteins and active ingredients that function as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The goal in this study was to test the formulation and physical stability of the gold sea cucumber extract gel preparation (Sticopus Hermanii) as an anti-periodontitis using variations in gel base concentrations. Gold sea cucumber extract gel with HPMC is tested formulation, stability, pH and viscosity. Stability test at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 checked for changes in consistency, color, odor stability testing using climatic chamber pH test using pH meter. Viscosity test is performed in Week 1. Measurements by using LVDV-E type Brookfiled viscometers with spindles The best stability test is obtained on formulas with HPMC 5%, the highest pH obtained on formulas with a CMC base of 3% and obtained at the measurement of the 8th week is 8. The results of the optimasi test resulted in a concentration of 5% HPMC that met organoleptic, pH, stability and viscosity tests.

Aloe vera gel as a stimulant for mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and a natural therapy for radiation induced liver damage

Aloe vera is a medical plant that has been used, traditionally, in treatment of several dermal disorders. In addition to its role as an anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Aloe vera gel extract contains several compounds like minerals, enzymes, hormones and carbohydrates. Therefore, Aloe vera as well as its bioactive constituents have been studied to determine its intriguing potential roles in medicinal science. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are biologically active precursor cells that can self-renew and develop into a variety of cell types. Plant extracts have been used, in vitro, to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lyophilized Aloe vera gel together with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs transplantation against radiation induced liver damage (RILD) in X-ray irradiated Sprague dawley male rats. By determining the oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver tissue homogenate, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lyophilized Aloe vera gel were investigated. The degree of liver damage and NF-κB expression were determined using histological and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The results showed that treatment of irradiated rats with lyophilized Aloe vera gel and MSCs transplantation has led to an improvement in liver function and a decrease in fibrotic markers, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; as well as, a reduction in the pathological alterations in the rats' liver and a reduced NF-κB activation. Lyophilized Aloe vera gel provided two important functions; where it stimulated the differentiation of transplanted MSCs and alleviated the radiation induced damages in liver. Aloe vera's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have enhanced liver function, as well as, creating a favorable environment for MSCs development in the liver. MSCs, in combination with lyophilized Aloe vera gel, hold promise for regenerative medicine; where, it has a considerable impact on MSCs differentiation.

Formulation and Physical Stability Test Evaluations of Golden Sea Cucumber Extract Gel (Sticopus Hermanii) as Anti Periodontitis using Variations in Base Concentration

Formulation and Physical Stability Test Evaluations of Golden Sea Cucumber Extract Gel (Sticopus Hermanii) as Anti Periodontitis using Variations in Base Concentration

ASSESSMENT OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF POTENT HERBAL EXTRACTS GEL IN ALBINO WISTAR RAT

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to formulate and determine the wound healing activity of gel containing the blend of potent herbal extracts from various plants such as Curcuma longa L., Tridax procumbens L., and Jatropha curcas L. Methods: The crude extracts were obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and maceration method. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for all extracts. Two different concentrations of extract gels (HF1 and HF2) were prepared using Carbopol 934 as a gel base. Prepared gels were further evaluated for different parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, skin irritation test, and stability studies. Excision wound model used to determine wound healing activity in albino Wistar rat. Animals were divided into four groups and each group contains six animals (n=6). Soframycin was used as a standard treatment. Prepared formulations were applied to wounds for all 14 days of study. Wound contraction rate was measured at specified day’s intervals during the study. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of the bioactive phytoconstituents. Both the gel formulations showed good gelling properties and homogeneity. The pH of both gels lies in the normal pH range of human skin and there is no skin irritation. Formulations were found within the specified limit in stability studies. The obtained results of wound contraction rate were higher in Group IV which was treated with HF2 gel formulation compared to the control group (*p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the prepared herbal gel formulation shows a promising wound healing effect compared to synthetic medicament.

Effect of Gel Formulation of Methanolic Extract of Leucaena leucocephala Leaves on Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis

<p><em>White lead tree (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em>) leaf extract includes antibacterial phytochemical compounds such as lupeol and flavonoids.<em> </em>The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of white lead tree methanolic extract and gel formulation against acne-causing bacteria <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, also the physical quality of the preparation. The treatments included a methanolic extract of the White lead tree and extract gel formulations. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. ANOVA analyzed data at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) by SPSS software. Gel formulations were used in five concentrations (3.12, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 %). The antibacterial activity test utilized was the agar diffusion method. The results showed the white lead tree leaf extract contains flavonoids with TFC as much as 12.33 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 0.02 mgQE.g<sup>-1</sup>. The antibacterial activity test of white lead tree leaf extract at all concentrations showed the most effective antibacterial activity against S. <em>epidermidis</em> with a zone of inhibition of 2.17 cm<sup>2</sup>, with no inhibitory zone against <em>P</em>. <em>acnes</em>. The gel preparation extract at all concentrations had no inhibitory activity against <em>P</em>. <em>acnes</em>, but the gel formulations inhibit<em> </em>S. <em>epidermidis </em>effectively at 50.00 % concentrations with a zone of inhibitions 0.82<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>0.30 cm<sup>2</sup>. The gel quality parameters looked homogeneity for 28 days; ph and stickiness were matched to the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (NSI); however, the dispersibility and viscosity were not matched to NSI. In conclusion, plant leaf methanolic extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against the acne-causing bacterium <em>S. epidermidis. </em>Further study is needed on the potential of white lead tree leaves as a natural anti-acne.</em></p>

Effectiveness of cocoa beans (theobroma cacao l.) extract gel 8% and 16% in the healing of wistar rats (rattus norvegicus) gingiva incision wound

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 8% and 16% cocoa bean extract gel in the healing of Wistar rats gingival incision wound.
 Methods: Cocoa beans were extracted using the maceration method, diluted with a concentration of 8% and 16%, and the addition of CMC-Na as gel basis. The 24tailed mice are divided into 6 mouse-tails of treatment 1 given the 8% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tails of treatment 2 given the 16% cocoa bean extract gel, 6-tailed mice positive groups given the drug Oxoferin solution 0,001%, and 6-tails of negative group given aquades. The treatment and wound length assessment of rats were carried out on the 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, 7th and 10th days, then dieutanasia on day 10 using ether anesthesia and carried out the cutting of the mandibular bone using the gingival tissue to wound re-epithelialization observation with a microscope (Olympus BX-41) 200X magnification.
 Results: One-way ANOVA and Post-HOC LSD tests presented a significant difference in the length of Wistar rats gingival wound closure between the treatment group that applied 16% cocoa bean gel extract, the negative and positive control groups, while between the 8% gel extract, the negative and positive control groups showed insignificant differences. Mean gingival incision wound re-epithelialization of each group on day 10 was 24.57 µm, 28.93 µm, 50.63 µm, 48.03 µm respectively.
 Conclusion: The 16% cocoa bean extract gel treatment is effective in healing the gingival incision wound of Wistar rats after applied for 10 days.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI GEL EKSTRAK PINING BAWANG (Hornstedtia alliacea) PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN 1%

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of onion pining extract gel which has anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male mice. Pining onion (Horstedtia alliacea) is a member of the ginger plant (Zingiberaceae) that grows in tropical areas including Halmanera. Pining onion is usually used as an energy supplier for hunting in the forest, treating wounds and infections, the seeds are consumed by children and adults. The benefit of this research is that this research can provide scientific and truthful information to the public regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of the pining onion plant, so that it can be used as an alternative inflammatory treatment. Pining onions contain flavonoid compounds, essential oils and several other compounds that are useful as anti-inflammatory. This study made three sample formulas with the active ingredient of pining onion extract with composition 0 (negative control), formula I 5%, formula II 10%, formula III 15% and diclofenac sodium (positive control) using the maceration method, with an interval of 30 minutes. for 8 repetitions of each suspension. Inhibition of edema in the FIII group (15% pining onion extract) had the same tendency as the K+ group (Na-Diclofenac). Meanwhile, at the lowest test dose the inhibition of edema was in the FI group (5% onion pining extract). The conclusion of this study is that administration of pining onion extract gel can show anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mice. Pining onion extract gel at a concentration of 15% is the concentration that has the best anti-inflammatory activity compared to concentrations of 10% and 5%.

A FORMULATION OF MANALAGI (Pyrus malus var. sylventris. Mill) APPLE EXTRACT TOOTHPASTE GEL PREPARATION WITH VARIATIONS OF CMC NA CONCENTRATION AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175

Background. Dental caries can be experienced at various ages which is marked by the appearance of white spots on the tooth surface by S. mutans bacteria. Manalagi apples contain compounds that are effective as antibacterial, namely polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. Gel toothpaste formula with variations in CMC-Na of F1(1.5%), F2 (2%), and F3 (2.5%).
 Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in CMC-Na concentration on the physical quality and antibacterial activity of S. mutans in the Manalagi apple extract gel toothpaste.
 Methods. In addition, apple simplicia was extracted using 70% ethanol. Manalagi apple extract 15% was formulated into 3 formulas F1, F2, and F3 with CMC-Na concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 2.5%, respectively. Toothpaste gel preparations were tested for physical quality for 21 days, stability test for 3 cycles and antibacterial activity test against S. mutans by disc diffusion method. The data were processed with Shapiro-wilk statistics, ANOVA and Krustal Wallis, followed by the Paired t test and Wilcoxon
 Results. The study showed that F1, F2, F3 affected the physical quality, among others, caused a decrease in the dispersion area but increased viscosity, pH and vice versa, and the Manalagi apple extract gel toothpaste with varying concentrations had antibacterial activity with inhibition zones 39 , respectively. 8; 39.6 and 37.3 mm, and the best formula was F1.
 Conclusion. Manalagi apple extract has activity in inhibiting the growth of S. Mutans bacteria with a strong to very strong category, statistically there is a significant difference between variations in the concentration of CMC-Na.

Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats.

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness. Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups ( p<0.05). Conclusion: Aloe vera extract could accelerate the healing process of burns in rats.

Molecular Docking and Efficacy of Aloe vera Gel Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles against Helicobacter pylori and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

The medicinal administration of Aloe vera gel has become promising in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications particularly with the development of the nanotechnology concept. Nowadays, effective H. pylori treatment is a global problem; therefore, the development of natural products with nanopolymers such as chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of gastric infection of H. pylori. HPLC analysis of A. vera gel indicated the presence of chlorogenic acid as the main constituent (1637.09 µg/mL) with other compounds pyrocatechol (1637.09 µg/mL), catechin (1552.92 µg/mL), naringenin (528.78 µg/mL), rutin (194.39 µg/mL), quercetin (295.25 µg/mL), and cinnamic acid (37.50 µg/mL). CSNPs and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs were examined via TEM, indicating mean sizes of 83.46 nm and 36.54 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra showed various and different functional groups in CSNPs, A. vera gel, and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs. Two strains of H. pylori were inhibited using A. vera gel with inhibition zones of 16 and 16.5 mm, while A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs exhibited the highest inhibition zones of 28 and 30 nm with resistant and sensitive strains, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 15.62 and 3.9 µg/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 15.60 and 7.8 µg/mL with MBC/MIC 1 and 2 indexes using A. vera gel and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs, respectively, against the resistance strain. DPPH Scavenging (%) of the antioxidant activity exhibited an IC50 of 138.82 μg/mL using A.vera gel extract, and 81.7 μg/mL when A.vera gel was incorporated with CSNPs. A.vera gel incorporated with CSNPs enhanced the hemolysis inhibition (%) compared to using A.vera gel alone. Molecular docking studies through the interaction of chlorogenic acid and pyrocatechol as the main components of A. vera gel and CSNPs with the crystal structure of the H. pylori (4HI0) protein supported the results of anti-H. pylori activity.

Effect of Papaya Leaf Extract Gel (Carica papaya) on Incision Wound Healing in Rattus norvegicus

Carica papaya is one kind of herbal plant that can help the wound healing process. Scientifically, the leaves of papaya are proven to have anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and saponin compounds in papaya leaves have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to accelerate the re-epithelization and cell migration needed for wound healing. This research aims to determine the effect of papaya leaf extract gel (Carica papaya) on the healing of incision wounds in Rattus norvegicus based on changes in wound morphology (signs of redness, edema, pus, granulation, moisture, and wound length). This research used female Rattus norvegicus aged 12-16 weeks weighing 180-200 grams, divided into five groups (NaCl 0,9%, povidone-iodine, papaya leaf extract gel with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%). Incision wounds on the back of the rat with a length of 2 cm and depth of 1 cm. The normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the homogeneity test used the Levene test. The research data were not normally distributed nor homogeneous, so they were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that the extract of papaya leaves with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% had significant differences in positive and negative control groups in the wound healing process with the differences in redness (p=0.038), granulation tissue (p=0.039), moistures (0,48), and wound length (p=0,049). It can be concluded that papaya leaf extract gel (Carica papaya) is effective in accelerating the healing process of incision wounds in Rattus norwegicus at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, so for further research, it is hoped that a histopathological examination can be carried out so that changes that occur in collagen, neutrophile cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes are seen.

Effects of Fermented Green Tea Waste Extract Gels on Oxidative Damage in Short-Term Passive Smoking Mice.

Passive smoking is extensively studied because of its harmfulness to human health. In this study, the effects of fermented green tea waste extract gels (GTEG) on oxidative damage in mice exposed to short-term cigarette smoke (CS) were investigated. The GTEG is prepared from green tea waste extract and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). The lung injury model of mice was established through passive smoking for 5 days. The experimental results revealed the following findings. (1) The GTEG induced by MTGase has obvious gel properties; (2) GTEG has strong biological activity and antioxidant properties in vitro; (3) The passive smoking model was established successfully; specifically, the lung tissue of the model mice exhibited inflammatory symptoms, oxidative stress response appeared in their bodies, and their inflammatory indicators increased; (4) Compared with the passive smoking model group, the mice, which were exposed to CS and received GTEG treatment, exhibited increased food intake and body weight; increased total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum; significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the content levels of the inflammatory factors malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); and inhibited expression of IL-6, IL-33, TNF-α, and IL-1β inflammatory genes. The results indicated that taking GTEG can relieve the oxidative stress injury of mice caused by short-term CS and has antioxidant properties.

Functionalization of Polyester Fabric with Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites using Aloe-Vera Gel Extract Assisted by Microwave and Ultrasonic Techniques

Functionalization of Polyester Fabric with Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites using Aloe-Vera Gel Extract Assisted by Microwave and Ultrasonic Techniques