Extract Gel Research Articles

Study of Genetic Diversity of Native Indonesian Catfish Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the ND1 Gene

One of the native catfish to Indonesia is the baung fish (Hemibagrus). Baung fish are found in rivers in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Java. The catfish population is declining, thus conservation is needed to prevent extinction. To conduct an effective conservation efforts, molecular studies are needed to confirm the fish species from the three islands. Mitochondrial DNA is one of the markers that is often used to see the lineage and kinship of animals for conservation purposes. The purpose of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit I (ND1) gene catfish from each of these locations, can be used as a genetic marker. Samples were obtained from their natural habitat, namely Magelang (5), Palembang (3), Riau (2), Samarinda (2), 2 from Sintang, and 3 from Banjarmasin. The DNA of the fish sample was then isolated and then used as a template for amplification of DNA fragments using PCR techniques. Amplikon (PCR product) was then purified by gel extraction and then sequenced to determine the DNA sequence. The potential of DNA sequences as catfish genetic markers was proven by analyzing genetic diversity between species using the MEGA version 7.0 program (Kumar et al., 2016). The sequencing results 972 nucleotides composing the ND gene, and found differences in 268 nucleotide sites and 47 amino acid sites. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the ND1 gene, catfish from the Progo river (Magelang, Central Java), the Musi river (Palembang, Sumatra), the Kampar river (Riau), the Kapuas river (Sintang, Kalimantan), the Martapura river (Banjarmasin), the Mahakam river (Kalimantan) is included in the Hemibagrus sp.; catfish from the Elo river (Magelang, Central Java) belongs to the genus Mystus sp.; catfish from the Bengawan Solo river (Bojonegoro, East Java) belongs to the Pangasius sp.

Effect of Combination of Carbopol-940 Base and HPMC Gel Extract of Aloe Vera Flesh on Physical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Propionibacterium acnes

ABSTRACT Aloe vera (Aloe chinensis Barker.) has been shown to be efficacious as an antibacterial which has the potential to treat acne caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The use of this combination can increase the viscosity, dissolution, diffusion, and bioavailability of the preparation. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Carbopol base and HPMC as a gelling agent on the physical properties and antibacterial activity of aloe vera gel against P. acnes bacteria. Aloe vera flesh extract was obtained using 70% ethanol maceration method. The gel preparation has an active substance concentration of 0.50% using a combination base of Carbopol:HPMC with a ratio of 1.00:0.50; 0.75:0.75; and 0.50:1.00. The tests included tests of adhesion, dispersibility, and viscosity as well as measurement of antibacterial activity by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the media. The resulting data from the physical properties of the gel were analyzed by linear regression correlation. While the data on the results of the antibacterial activity were analyzed by statistical tests using the ANOVA method. The results showed that with increasing concentration of HPMC, the adhesive power and viscosity decreased, but the dispersion power increased. The three gel formulations had different zones of inhibition due to differences in diffusion that occurred in the test medium. Keywords: Aloe Vera, Gel, Propionibacterium Acnes.

Effect of topical ethanolic extract of noni leaf on post-extraction wound by observation of wound diameter and osteoblast cells

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of noni leaf ethanol extract gel on post extraction wound of rabbit teeth observed from wound diameter and osteoblasts cell count. Tooth extraction is one of the treatments performed in the oral region that cause wound. Application of substance or medicine might help accelerate and improve wound healing.
 Material and Methods: Twenty-four rabbits divided into three groups: negative control, positive control with 10% povidone iodine, and treatment group with 10% ethanol extract gel of noni leaf. The tooth was extracted from the mandibular left incisor. The diameter of the wound area was examined on day 0, 3, 7, and 14 while the osteoblasts cell count was obtained from rabbits’ specimen in each group on 14th day. Measurement of wound diameter was done by using calipers, while the number of osteoblasts were calculated using toluidine blue histochemistry stain and light microscope with 400x magnification.
 Results: The ratio of wound diameter were better in treatment group with significant difference (p=0.048) while osteoblasts cell count were not significantly different among all groups.
 Conclusion: Topical application of noni leaf had an effect in decreasing mucosal wound diameter but there was not any evidence yet that it was increased osteoblast cells on socket wound healing process.

<strong>Effect of 20% ethanol extract of Subang pineapple gel on oral mucosa incisional wound length</strong>

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Incisional wound in oral mucosa is usually performed during oral surgery but can also be caused by injury. Although wounds can naturally heal, the application of medicine might help accelerate wound healing. Proving the effectiveness of natural ingredients is currently being promoted because Indonesia owns many plants that are used empirically. The use of natural substances is also supported because it is relatively easy to obtain and safe if used properly. Subang Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is one of the produce of West Java that people consume and empirically use on wounds. Its fruit and core contain active ingredients that affect wound healing, such as bromelain enzyme, flavonoids, saponin, and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the effect of fruit ethanol extract gel of Subang pineapple on Wistar rats oral incisional wound observed from wound length. Methods: 25 rats were divided into five groups: baseline, negative control, positive control with 10% povidone-iodine, positive control with AloclairTM gel, and treatment group with 20% pineapple ethanol extract gel used as wound model on the buccal mucosa. The length of the incisional wound area was examined on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Measurement of wound length was performed using a periodontal probe. Results: The mean of wound length was smaller especially on day 3 in the treatment group. Post-Hoc Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05 considered significant) showed the wound decrease with Subang pineapple extract was better than the negative control (p=0.008) and povidone-iodine group (p=0.007) but didn’t show a significant difference with the Aloclair™ gel group (p=0.0118). Conclusion: Topical application of pineapple extract affected oral mucosa incisional wound healing and had a potential to accelerate wound closure. Further study with different concentrations and another type of wound can be suggested.Keywords: incisional wound; pineapple extract; subang pineapple; wound healing

Effect of Robusta coffee extract gel on fibroblast and collagen during proliferative phase of IIB degree-burn on Long Evans rats

IIB Degree-burn takes longer to heal because only a small epithelium component remains. It requires a topical agent that can accelerate the wound healing process. One of the wound healing signs is the increased collagen formation as an extracellular matrix produced by fibroblast in the proliferative phase. This study aimed to prove the effect of Robusta coffee extract gel as a topical agent on increasing the number of fibroblasts and collagen density in IIB degree-burn treatment on Long Evans rats. This study used 24 Long Evans rats which were divided into three groups, namely positive control (silver sulfadiazine), negative control (gel base), and treatment group (2.5% of Robusta coffee extract gel). The results showed a higher number of fibroblast (p<0.05) and a denser collagen density (p<0.05) of the Robusta coffee extract gel compared to the control group on day 8 and day 14. These results indicated that the number of fibroblasts and collagen increases that can scavenge free radicals and stimulate the release of cytokines that play a role in increasing fibroblast proliferation. Robusta coffee affects expanding the number of fibroblasts and collagen density to be an alternative topical agent of second-degree burns treatment.

Formulation and characterization of Sauropus androgynous (L) Merr leaf extract Gel in Combination with CMC-Na and Carbopol 940 Using DPPH Method

Introduction: Katuk Leaf (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) from Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia is a type of plant that contains chalcone which is used as an antioxidant. This study aims to formulate a gel preparation from Katuk Leaf extract using various concentrations of CMC-Na and carbopol 940, to see the stability of the physical properties of the Katuk leaf extract gel Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Methods: Katuk Leaf Extract was obtained by percolation method using 70% ethanol as solvent. The gels were made in formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a concentration of CMC-Na and carbopol 940 at 0:10; 1:9; 2:8; 9:1; 10:0 ratio. Antioxidant activity was tested with DPPH, observed for its physical stability including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH dispersion, adhesion, and gel stability using the process of freeze thaw action. Results: The results showed that the concentration of carbopol 940 increased viscosity and adhesion and decreased dispersion and pH, while CMC-Na increased dispersion and pH and decreased viscosity and adhesion in the physical properties of the Katuk Leaf extract gel. Test results with IC50 extracts of Katuk Leaves at 73.815 ppm, showed that the formula 3 with a concentration of carbopol 940 and CMC-Na at 2: 8 percent by ratio, is a gel with antioxidant activity being most effective with the value of the IC50 100.814. Conclusion:So, it can be concluded that the stability of the physical properties of the gel shows the formula 3 with concentration carbopol 940 and CMC-Na at 2%: 8% gel with the best stability of physical properties.

Formulation and evaluation of guava leaf extract gel for mouth ulcer management

The highlight of this study was preparation of microparticles using the extract of guava leaves which led to novel drug delivery of the herbal extract. The aim of the study was to formulate a microparticles loaded gel for management of mouth ulcer. The microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method using the polymer, oil and liquid phase. Then the preparation of gel base was done with incorporation of microparticles. The evaluation of the microparticles and the gel was done. This study is an effort to develop a herbal gel for mouth ulcers offering better compatibility and lesser discomfort. We used Psidium guajava leaf extract microparticles for the preparation of gel. The gel formulations prepared were transparent and homogeneous within the pH range of 6 to 6.8. The formulation showed acceptable spreadability, extrudability and rheological properties. The formulation showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and E coli. Therefore, developed formulations have the potential to treat mouth ulcers. The Psidium gujava leaf extract microparticles loaded gel is a good mucoadhesive gel for mouth ulcer management. Therefore, herbal ingredients can be used for novel drug delivery and make it safe for administration with lesser risk of adverse reactions.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN ANTISEPTIK DARI BUAH RIMBANG (Solanum torvum) SEBAGAI HAND SANITIZER

Rimbang fruit (Solanum torvum) has properties as a skin antiseptic. Rimbang fruit extract (Solanum torvum) which has been isolated has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This is because the Rimbang fruit extract (Solanum torvum) contains compounds such as solasonins, glucosides, saponins, and sterolins. Formulation and testing of antibacterial activity of hand sanitizer gel preparations of Rimbang fruit extract and evaluation of the physical quality of hand sanitizer preparations. Rimbang fruit extract was made by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. Then it was evaporated using a rotary evaporator and the remaining solvent was evaporated until a thick extract was formed. Testing of antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method using disc paper against Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth. The concentration of Rimbang fruit extract and hand sanitizer gel formula used (F1) 0.5% and (F2) 1%; Evaluation of the physical quality of the hand sanitizer preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, and pH test. The results of the antibacterial activity test of Rimbang fruit extract against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 0.5% with an inhibitory diameter of 5.2 mm. Meanwhile, the results of the gel hand sanitizer activity test of Rimbang fruit extract obtained the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 1% with a diameter of 9.0 mm.

Introducing a bionanocomposite (Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of Ag nanoparticles embedded Aloe vera gel) for the treatment of cervical carcinoma

Regarding applied, facile, green chemical research, a bio-inspired approach is being reported for the sonochemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by Aloe vera gel extract as a natural reducing/stabilising and solid support agent without using any toxic and harmful reagent. The biosynthesized Ag NPs/A. vera gel bionanocomposite was characterised by advanced physicochemical techniques like ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and elemental mapping study. It has been established that Aloe vera gel-stabilized silver nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a mean diameter of around 35–40 nm. To investigate the antioxidant potentials of Ag NPs/A. vera gel, one of the common antioxidant techniques i.e. DPPH was used. The results of DPPH test proved the excellent antioxidant properties of Ag NPs/A. vera gel in comparison to the positive control used i.e. butylated hydroxytoluene. The IC50 of Ag NPs/A. vera gel was 42 µg/mL in the antioxidant test. Thereafter, on having a significant IC50 value in radical scavenging assay, we extended the bio-application of the desired nanocomposite in the anticancer study. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human cervical carcinoma effects of Ag NPs/A. vera gel, MTT assay was used on CC1-PI19, SiHa, HeLa and HNCF-PI52 cell lines. The IC50 of the Ag NPs/A. vera gel was 16, 13, 15 and 11 µg/mL against CC1-PI19, SiHa, HeLa and HNCF-PI52 cell lines, respectively. As mentioned, the Ag NPs/A. vera gel had significant antioxidant and anti-human cervical cancer effects. After approving the above results in the clinical trial studies, the Ag NPs/A. vera gel can be used as a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of several types of cervical cancers. According to the above results, the significant anti-cervical cancer effects of Ag NPs/A. vera gel are confirmed.

UJI AKTIVITAS OBAT HERBAL GEL EKSTRAK DAUN GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke) TERHADAP LUKA DIABETES PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

A study to test the activity of gel extract of gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke) leaf extract against diabetic wounds in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research was conducted experimentally with the method of pre-test and post-test with group design. Gaharu leaf extract gel was formulated with concentrations of 4%, 6% and 8% and then tested for its activity on non-diabetic male white rats and diabetic male rats with alloxan induction. The negative control was given gel base and the positive control was given bioplacenton gel. The gel was administered once a day and the wound length was measured every day for 14 days. The results showed that all gel formulas of gaharu leaf extract had wound healing activity in non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats, the higher the concentration of the extract, the faster the wound healing and the greater the percentage reduction in wound length. The group of non-diabetic rats treated with gaharu extract gel with a concentration of 8% showed a wound length of 0,00 ± 0,00 mm (wound healed) on day 6 with an average percentage reduction in wound length of 100,00 ± 0,00 %. The results of statistical testing with Kruskal Wallis obtained p-value > 0.05 (p-value = 0.315) so it can be concluded that there was no significant difference between the treatment groups.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BAYAM MERAH (Amaranthus Tricolor L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus & Eschericia coli

Red spinach has function as skin antiseptic. It has antibacterial activity because it contains compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. The purpose of formulation and test of antibacterial activity of hand sanitizer gel preparation red spinach extract and evaluation of physical quality of hand sanitizer. Antibacterial activity test was measured by diffusion method using paper disk to measuring the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zone of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Concentration extract ethanol of leaf red spinach (and formula of hand sanitizer gel used (F1) blanco; (F2) 5%; (F3) 10%; (F4) 20% and (F5) control positive/detol. Evaluation of physical properties of hand sanitizer gel include of: homogeneity test, stability test and pH test. The results has found showed that antibacterial activity test of gel extract leaves red spinach (on Escherichia coli inhibited at without extract/blanco was 0 mm, concentration of 5% with diameter of inhibit was 14,99 mm, concentration of 10% with diameter of inhibit was 17,26 mm, concentration of 20% with diameter of inhibit was 18,26 mm and using control positive was 19.33. And then for bacteri Staphylococcus aures at concentration of without extract/blanco was 0 mm, 5% with diameter of inhibit was 15,5 mm, concentration of 10% with diameter of inhibit was 15,96 mm and concentration of 20% with diameter of inhibit was 17,43 mm and using control positive was 18.33 mm. So we can conclude that hand sanitizer gel of leaf red spinach have less inhibited growth against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Physical Stability Test and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Fruit Mesocarp Extract Gel Preparation

The content of flavonoids in the white skin or mesocarp of watermelon has antioxidant power so that the active substance can be used in the manufacture of cosmetics, one of which is a gel dosage form. This type of research is observational with a descriptive research design. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the stability of the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) mesocarp extract gel preparation using the cycling test method. Physical stability evaluations were carried out, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, and viscosity. The results showed that the organoleptic observation of the preparation was in the form of a semi-solid, had a characteristic aromatic odor of the extract, and had a brownish-yellow color. As for the test results for the entire homogeneous cycle, the average pH range is 4.75 - 5, adhesion is 2.45 - 3.96 seconds, dispersion is 5.59 - 6.67 cm, and viscosity is 5426 - 6830 cps, and total flavonoid content of the gel preparation was 5.27%. This study concluded that the gel preparation was physically stable before and after 12 days of storage and contained 5.27% flavonoids.

A novel pentacyclic triterpene acid from the stem barks of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm (Combretaceae)

A phytochemical study was carried out on stem bark of Combretum fragrans F. Hoffm., a medicinal plant belonging to the Combretaceae family and used traditionally in the treatment of various ailments. Column chromatography separation on silica gel of the crude methanol extract from stem barks of C. fragrans led to the isolation of a new pentacyclic triterpene acid, with a 3,6-epoxide bridge and trivially named as fragransinic acid (1), along with four known compounds: betulin (2), betulinic acid (3), bellericagenin B (4) and a mixture of β-sitosterol (5) and stigmasterol (6). Structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with literature data. The above compounds were isolated for the first time from C. adenogonium. Implications for chemosystematics and traditional medicine were briefly discussed.

Formulation of Roselle Flower Extract Gel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) as a Disclosing Solution

Background: Plaque is a soft deposit attached to the teeth consisting of various types of microorganisms from saliva and food waste. Plaque cannot be seen because it is transparent, like the color of translucent white glass. The way to see plaque is to use a contrast material such as a dye (red/purple) in the form of a liquid or gel called a disclosing solution. It is usually found in gel and liquid form. But in use in humans there are many shortcomings because they are expensive, quite expensive and often contain harmful chemicals. One of the herbal plants that can be used as an alternative material as a disclosing solution is Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) which can be used for its properties in the field of Prevention of Dental and Oral Diseases and has antibacterial and remineralizing effects. Methods: This research is an experimental study on the development of Rosella Flower Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in the form of a gel in disclosing solution. The research was carried out from June to August 2021 at the Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Food Analysis, Health Polytechnic of Jakarta II and Dental Health Laboratory, Health Polytechnic of Jakarta I. Disclosing solution prepared from dried Rosella Flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was obtained as much as 1000 grams. from the Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants, Bogor. Hedonic testing was carried out on 34 students of the Department of Dental Health, Health Polytechnic of Jakarta I. Results: The disclosing solution preparation in the form of a gel from rosella flower extract had good organoleptic test results. The expected red color corresponding to the color of the disclosing solution is at a concentration of 70%. The average pH of the disclosing solution in the form of a gel was 4.95. The average dispersion of the gel preparation is 5.7. 5. The average adhesion of gel preparations at all concentrations is 1.44 seconds. The hedonic test was obtained that most of the respondents had a neutral opinion on all disclosing gel preparations. Conclusion: The preparation of Roselle Flower Extract Gel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) can be used as an alternative disclosing solution

Studying the Formulation of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Ethanol Extract Gel as Treatment of Excision Wounds in Rats

Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.Onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain alkaloid compounds and saponins which can accelerate the wound healing process. Therefore, a study was conducted on the wound healing effect of excision of ethanol extract of onion bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the form of a gel against mice (Rattus novergicus). The purpose of this research was to study the stability of the preparation as well as the effectiveness and optimum concentration in excision wound healing from the ethanolic extract of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in gel dosage form. The concentration variants used were 5%, 10%, and 20%. The method used was sample extraction by maceration and wound gel was made in 3 concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 20% then a stability test was carried out on the preparation by cycling test method at 4⁰C and 40⁰C for 6 cycles. Besides that, gel base was also used as a negative control and octadine® gel as a positive control, then the back skin of a rat (Rattus novergicus) was injured using a surgical knife. The results of the observation of the stability of the wound gel preparation were stable both at 4⁰C and at 40⁰C. Reduction of the length of the wound at the beginning of the treatment until the wound was completely closed showed that the ethanol extract gel preparation of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.) could reduce and heal cuts in rats with a concentration of 20% which showed the most effective wound healing effect.

The effect of roselle leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract gel on wound healing.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) belongs to the genus Hibiscus with proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Scientific evidence associated roselle content with bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Most studies focused on their petals, while research on leaf extract on wound healing has never been done. This study aimed to assess the effect of roselle leaf extract on wound healing in rats. This was an experimental laboratory study with a posttest-only control group design. There were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: negative control, 5%, 10%, and 15% roselle leaf extract, and positive control (bioplacenton). The parameters assessed in this research were wound size and histological assessment. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness in the 15% group were the largest (84.17%; 64.69 µm). The lowest value was recorded in placebo (64%; 36.33 µm). Meanwhile, wound healing percentage and epithelial thickness of rats in the 5% and 10% groups were 68.53%, 43,57 µm, and 78.11%, 56.49 µm, respectively. Finally, positive control had a 77.44% wound healing percentage and 49.7 µm epithelial thickness. There were no significant differences in wound healing and epithelial thickness among the groups. Roselle leaf extract at 15% concentration showed greater wound healing properties based on clinical and histological assessment. Although there were no statistically significant differences, roselle leaf showed an opportunity to be further investigated as a potential wound healing therapy.

Impact of Aloe vera gel, Ashwagandha, Brahmi, and Cassia tora plant extract on lifespan and fecundity in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster

In the present study, wild-type strain Oregon-K was used to test the impact of three different plant extracton the life span of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The current study results suggest that Aloevera gel is more effective in increasing Drosophilamelanogaster’s life span than the flies fed on a standarddiet. Although Ashwagandha, Brahmi, and Cassia tora plant extracts were also helpful in increasing Drosophilamelanogaster’s life span, Aloe vera gal’s effect was more significant.

Teknik Edible Coating dengan menggunakan Campuran Gel Lidah Buaya dan Ekstrak Daun Psidium guajava L. untuk Mempertahankan Sifat Fisikokimia Buah Jambu Biji

The synthetic chemicals is a common substance used to extend the shelf life of postharvest fruit. But it can have health impact. The use of edible coatings from natural ingredients has begun to be developed. Modification of aloe vera gel by guava leaf extract as the edible coating to increase guava fruit shelf life has not been reported yet. Guava fruit coated by several compositions of aloe vera gel and guava leaf extract have been carried out. Observations on physichochemical in fruit on the days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were evaluated. The best quality found on guava fruit treated with the compotition of aloe vera gel:ethanol guava leaf extract: CMC:glycerol (90: 5:0.25: 0.5) on the day 15. It had a weight loss of 9.88%, a spoilage of 3.33%, the decrease of water content 11.61%, titratable acidity 0.5%, total antioxidant 1.08 mg AA/g FW, total phenolic 0.51 mg GAE/g FW, and increase of total dissolved solids 3.01 oBrix. This result was significantly better than the uncoated fruit. It can be concluded that guava leaf extract can be used to maintain the physicochemical properties during storage.

Formulation and characterization of Anacyclus Pyrethrum Emulgels and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical product.

Plants containing high phenolic and flavonoids contents used widely as antioxidant agent by reducing skin photo damaging effects and play important role in skin rejuvenating. This study was performed to explore the cosmetic effects of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and to develop stable oil in water (O/W) emulsion base gel loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum 10% extract. To explore and quantify phenols and flavonoids present in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and determine its cosmetic effects on human skin. Emulgel formulation were developed by mixing o/w emulsion with carbopol gelling agent loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) extract and base gel without AP extract. In vitro study was done for the evaluation of color change, liquefaction, hardness, and pH change at different storage condition for the duration of 12 weeks. For in vivo study, emulgel applied on 13 healthy human volunteer's cheeks to evaluate its cosmetics effects and compared with placebo (base). Facial parameters including skin melanin, redness, sebum, moisture content, and skin elasticity were determined by using mexameter, sebumeter, corneometer, elastometer for the study duration of 12 weeks. Total phenolic content in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract was 80.04 ± 0.0043 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 54.64 ± 0.0076 mg QE/g. Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract found significantly effective in reducing skin photo-damage effects (p ≤ 0.05) as compared base gel. Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract being rich source of flavonoid and phenolic content, acts as strong antioxidant to protect skin against photo-damaging effect and improve skin conditions.

THE EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL PACK WITH ADDITIONAL PLANTS OF IODINE (JATROPHA MULTIFIDA L.) POST CURRETAGE

Background: Curettage is an act of scraping the granulation tissue on the lateral gingival wall of the periodontal pocket. After curettage, a periodontal pack was applied to control bleeding and keep the wound area clean. The addition of iodine leaves as an alternative because it contains flavonoids that can help the wound healing process. This study aims to determine the effect of adding 10% iodine leaf extract gel on the curettage process.Method: A true experimental laboratory study with a post-test only control group design on 20 wistar rats. The periodontal pack group and the periodontal pack group were added with 10% iodine leaf extract gel. Curettage healing was seen from the mean number of fibroblasts using One-Way Anova analysis.Result: The study showed the mean number of fibroblasts on the 5th and 7th day periodontal pack groups were 35.20 and 49.60, while those in the periodontal pack group with the addition of iodine leaf extract gel on 5th and 7th days were 45.80 and 50.80, respectively. The One-Way Anova test showed p &gt; 0.05, there was a significant difference in the mean number of fibroblasts between the study groups.Conclusion: The conclusion is that there is an effect of giving 10% iodine leaf extract gel on the number of fibroblasts in the healing process of wistar rat curettage.