Discourse In Brazil Research Articles

Far-right discourse in Brazil

Far-right discourse in Brazil

Bubble reachers and uncivil discourse in polarized online public sphere.

Early optimism saw possibilities for social media to renew democratic discourse, marked by hopes for individuals from diverse backgrounds to find opportunities to learn from and interact with others different from themselves. This optimism quickly waned as social media seemed to breed ideological homophily marked by "filter bubbles" or "echo chambers." A typical response to the sense of fragmentation has been to encourage exposure to more cross-partisan sources of information. But do outlets that reach across partisan lines in fact generate more civil discourse? And does the civility of discourse hosted by such outlets vary depending on the political context in which they operate? To answer these questions, we identified bubble reachers, users who distribute content that reaches other users with diverse political opinions in recent presidential elections in Brazil, where populism has deep roots in the political culture, and Canada, where the political culture is comparatively moderate. Given that background, this research studies unexplored properties of content shared by bubble reachers, specifically the quality of conversations and comments it generates. We examine how ideologically neutral bubble reachers differ from ideologically partisan accounts in the level of uncivil discourse they provoke, and explore how this varies in the context of the two countries considered. Our results suggest that while ideologically neutral bubble reachers support less uncivil discourse in Canada, the opposite relationship holds in Brazil. Even non-political content by ideologically neutral bubble reachers elicits a considerable amount of uncivil discourse in Brazil. This indicates that bubble reaching and incivility are moderated by the national political context. Our results complicate the simple hypothesis of a universal impact of neutral bubble reachers across contexts.

Tourism, social inequality and the public policy discourse in Brazil

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir algumas referências teóricas e históricas que possam iluminar a discussão sobre a formação social brasileira e como o turismo tem contribuído para reforçar um modus operandi, ancorado na desigualdade social, que sempre orientou a atuação do Estado nacional em comunhão com os anseios de uma elite conservadora, racista e neoliberal. Para tanto, foram utilizadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com o intuito de desvendar a relação entre a atividade turística e a manutenção da desigualdade social no discurso das principais políticas públicas de turismo implementadas pelo governo brasileiro nas últimas décadas. Como resultado principal, constatou-se que o discurso de combate à desigualdade social tem sido o mote das principais políticas públicas de turismo implementadas no país, servindo para legitimar as suas reais intenções frente às populações que residem nos territórios que recepcionaram essas ações.

Review of van Dijk (2021): Antiracist Discourse in Brazil: From Abolition to Affirmative Action

Review of van Dijk (2021): Antiracist Discourse in Brazil: From Abolition to Affirmative Action

“Masking” Makeup: Cosmetics and Constructions of Race in Rio de Janeiro

This article examines applications of bright, eye-catching makeup on the periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Tracking the aesthetic decisions of makeup artists and their clients, I analyze how colorful manipulations of the bodily surface relate to local constructions of race. But the bodily surface does not simply reflect established and conventional understandings of race, nor are the aesthetics described herein merely symbolic of assumptions of difference. Instead, the aesthetic practices portrayed in this article may also be regarded as experimental, “nondiscursive” moments—operating on a complementary semiotic register—in the production of yet-to-be actualized ideas about race and being. This research shows how makeup practices often disrupt the aesthetic and conceptual links that tie insides to outsides, essences and souls to physical appearance, and in so doing chip away at the foundations on which race in Brazil has historically been built. Through sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork (2019–2020) in Rio’s northern suburbs, I observed as disparate aesthetic practices—namely, beautification and transformation—merged with eclectic understandings of the body and notions of being. Through these alternating lenses, makeup enthusiasts often interpreted material signs of the body as pointing to categorical constructions of race, on the one hand, and to beauty, sex, and desire, on the other.These semiotic oscillations and their interpretations often stood in conflict with established racial discourses, and yet rather than being exceptional, I argue that such exploratory, sensuous aesthetics are in fact mundane. Taking as a starting point the understanding that racial discourse in Brazil, as elsewhere, is internally ambiguous and rife with epistemic conflict, this article describes nondiscursive aesthetic practices as strands of material disorder—latent with possibility but often incongruous with what we think we know about race—working to forge novel understandings of race, beauty, and the body.

SLAVERY DISCOURSE AND ABOLITION IN BRAZIL: THE CASE OF BANCO DO BRASIL (1885-1902)

Objective: The article aims to study the slavery discourse in Brazil at the end of the 19th century.
 Method and approach: Specifically, carry out a critical analysis of the discourse of Banco do Brasil's financial statements and annual reports between 1885 and 1902 using concepts from Karl Marx's political theory: reification, commoditization and dehumanization.
 Main results: We argue that the ideology practiced in relation to the slave shows the superstructure necessary for the structure. We suggest that the discourse employed reified the slave, considering it as a thing; commoditizing the slave, including its exchange value, as an asset, as a guarantee, depriving it of all form of human dignity (dehumanization).
 Contributions: By studying accounting with a critical purpose, we can contribute to other uses of our discipline, such as discourse employed and its dialectics in accounting practice. In this sense, the discourse is justified and makes slavery part of the national ruling class's conception of the world, which must permeate throughout society.
 Originality/relevance: This paper contributes to the understanding of how accounting, including its discourse and concepts can be used by the ruling class to justify racism and slavery in Brazil.

Authoritarian populism in Brazil: Bolsonaro’s Caesarism, ‘counter-trasformismo’ and reactionary education politics

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the rise of authoritarian populism in Brazil following the election in 2018 of Jair Messias Bolsonaro to the Presidency and reflect on the consequences of his far-right-wing politics for education. Our focus is broadly on three historical blocs (with five different presidents of the Republic) which make up the policy trajectory of Brazil over the period 1995–2019. We explore the complex cultural political economy surrounding more than a decade of left-wing government by Lula da Silva (2003–2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016) of the Workers Party (PT). In what has been described as simultaneously a tragedy, a farce, and a soap opera, Bolsonaro’s rise involves the impeachment of Dilma, accusations of corruption, the imprisonment of Lula and the resignation of multiple ministers of the government. The intersections of right-wing conservative discourse, evangelical proselytising and populist discourse in Brazil, coupled with resentment from those whose fortunes had been diminished because of declining economic competitiveness, contributed to the election of Bolsonaro in 2018. A final section focuses on the education policy in Brazil, the ways in which any progressive gains have been erased and what this means for Brazilians.

Changes in Brazilian education policy and the rise of right‐wing populism

This article shows the intersections of right‐wing conservative discourse and evangelical religious proselytism in shaping right‐wing populist discourse in Brazil and its implications on the education policy in the last decade. Since re‐democratisation in the 1980s, the policy path sought to guarantee progressive and inclusive public education, which became under threat due to the escalation of right‐wing populist activism. In the last few years, the ‘No Party School Movement’ (NPSM) and the ‘Evangelical Parliamentary Front’ (EPF) established a tactical alliance. Affiliated members have been trying to pass various bills in different states and cities, stating that educators should not rely on ideological, political and partisan views, and should respect the ‘traditional values’ of families. Othering was a fundamental articulating mechanism of right‐wing populist movements and politicians’ actions to forge a discourse that attacks Paulo Freire’s pedagogy, gender ideology and ancestral African religions. Through the analysis of different types of data, this interpretative case study deepens our understanding of the importance of right‐wing discourse in forging influential political alliances influencing education public policy in Brazil. Understanding how right‐wing populist activism creates enemies through othering educators, women, LGBT and black people is essential to analyse its influence on recent policy changes.

“Lembrar é resistir”(?): Discursos sobre o regime militar em disputa

Inscrito no quadro teórico-metodológico da análise de discurso de base materialista, que se desenvolve a partir das proposições de Michel Pêcheux, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar discursivamente sentidos em curso para o regime militar no Brasil, em diferentes materializações no espaço urbano. Com foco nas tensões e contradições que inscrevem tais discursos na cidade, em nossa conjuntura sócio-histórica, traz para análise um corpus constituído pelo vídeo institucional disponível no site do Memorial da Resistência, em São Paulo, e flagrantes urbanos de cartazes que fazem apologia à ditadura e aos métodos de tortura e morte por ela empregados no Brasil. As análises realizadas possibilitam vislumbrar a contradição entre os discursos de resistência, que ganham o espaço do Memorial, e o discurso cínico e(m) gestos de violência, flagrado no espaço urbano. Tais flagrantes apontam para a necessidade de questionamento das evidências de sentidos, de modo a fazer da lembrança um gesto de resistência.

A crise do pensamento constitucional da Primeira República

O artigo busca reconstruir e analisar criticamente como se desenrolou a crise do pensamento constitucional da Primeira República no plano da História das Ideias. O objetivo desse estudo é resgatar os debates que tomaram conta da inteligência jurídica brasileira durante a década de 1920, mostrando as diferentes percepções da crise do discurso liberal no Brasil a partir da lente dos seus juristas.

Pontos de contato: as relações entre o discurso da extrema direita e a religiosidade evangélica no Brasil

Este trabalho analisa as conexões entre os discursos da extrema direita no Brasil e sua forte base de apoio formada pelos evangélicos. Demonstra-se aqui, por meio de pesquisa documental, observacional e bibliográfica, que os principais componentes desses discursos — quais sejam: a revalorização da família tradicional, a predominância da fé sobre a razão, a organização da sociedade via disciplina e ordem e o macarthismo — criaram vínculos com a religiosidade evangélica por meio da exploração de apelos a valores comuns ao extremismo de direita e a uma certa compreensão da fé cristã, predominante entre evangélicos. Conquanto haja tensões e contradições nessa relação, os evangélicos se constituíram num dos segmentos sociais mais fiéis às teses do governo de extrema direita, emprestando-lhe apoios ideológico, parlamentar e eclesiástico. A intermediação da relação entre extrema direita e a religiosidade evangélica é feita por meio do uso intenso da comunicação política via redes sociais e pela influência de líderes de igrejas comprometidos com o bolsonarismo. Sendo assim, dadas as dimensões da presença evangélica na população brasileira, o comportamento político desses religiosos tem implicações diretas na sustentação do governo Bolsonaro e se apresenta como importante objeto de estudo para investigações que têm como foco o desenvolvimento da democracia brasileira.

The translation of affirmative action into legal discourse in Brazil

Abstract Several studies have recently discussed legal translation beyond the transfer of equivalent linguistic and terminological features from a source language to a target language. Such perspectives can provide linguistics, translators and legislators with a framework for translating outside events of social life, including its demands, knowledge, wishes and cultural developments throughout periods of time into legal discourse. In this paper, we aim to discuss a broader approach of legal translation to depict how public policies on affirmative action have been introduced in Brazil in the light of institutionalization and further instrumentalization by law. In particular, we make an attempt to show how domestic legislation is translated and enacted considering both the context (as the source ‘language’) and legal discourse (as the target language). Our claim is that the process entails a transformation or translation of context (common sense achieved by society) into legal discourse (law) by means of categorization of everyday concepts into legal concepts to meet both the socioeconomic and historical contexts at hand and the framework of written law. The analysis is based on the Rio de Janeiro state law 5346/2008, a landmark law ruling affirmative action in Brazil insofar as it expands the categories of beneficiaries – the so-called quotistas – taking into consideration the social, political and economic context then. In addition, we argue that the criterion of categorization is not arbitrary but is rather cultural, economic and historically driven and objectivates the human production of a role identity of the beneficiaries beyond subjective intentions. To conclude, this analysis was only made possible with the contribution of more comprehensive viewpoints on legal translation and the role played by social perceptions in the translatability of domestic legislation in monolingual jurisdictions.

Letters to the Fight: The Liga Newspaper and its Sayings about / to the Peasant’s Education

In this paper, we worked on the modes of saying to or about the peasants in their movement of education and instruction for fighting, which are materialized in clippings of the Liganewspaper. Based on these clippings, we will work in order to understand the imaginaries that are implicated in this process of saying the peasant and the necessary raise of their awareness, especially observing the insistence of knowing the peasant and their way of life in order to recreate new sense paths regarding these subjects and their way of existence, which allows them to become subjects for the fight. These reflections are based on notions from the theoretical framework of Pecheux’s Discourse Analysis, which guides us through the work of describing and interpreting the setting of the peasantry's discourse in Brazil between 1955 and 1964.

COVID-19: Scientific Arguments, Denialism, Eugenics, and the Construction of the Antisocial Distancing Discourse in Brazil

Since March 11, the world has been experiencing a pandemic of Sars-Cov-2, the new coronavirus, which emerged in China in late December 2019 and causes the COVID-19 disease. Pandemics are characterized by pathogen´s ability of emerging or re-emerging across geographical boundaries, simultaneously affecting a large number of people around the world, due to the sustained transmission in humans. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed in real time the dissemination of different types of information about it and strategies used to contain the rate of virus contamination. Our main goal in this study is to analyze the discursive production of the Brazilian journalistic media about vertical isolation as a supposed scientific strategy, and to demonstrate how that has been used in the denialist approach adopted by the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. The research was carried out on the Google platform, using the following descriptors: coronavirus and herd immunity; coronavirus and the Imperial College herd immunity strategy; vertical isolation; Bolsonaro and vertical isolation. 36 articles were selected for a qualitative analysis besides the original article by David L. Katz (published in The New York Times), where he claims the creation of the vertical confinement strategy. All documents of the analytical corpus are open and free of charge. The articles were submitted to discursive analysis and the main results shows that Brazilian media highlighted Bolsonaro´s proposal of vertical isolation and amplified his pandemic denial and eugenics policies The mass media vehicles play a central role in the dissemination of information and should commit to the publication of reliable and trustworthy information, as well as to objectively situate the areas of knowledge of the specialists whose opinions are being published

Las configuraciones locales de odio. Discursos antimigratorios y prácticas xenofóbicas en Foz de Iguazú, Brasil

El objetivo del artículo es describir etnográficamente los impactos sociales de los discursos de odio antimigratorio en la ciudad brasileña de Foz de Iguazú (en la triple frontera del Paraná). Analizamos el actual contexto político brasileño indagando el impacto presente de los imaginarios del militarismo distendido en estas fronteras desde 1970. Utilizamos una metodología etnográfica, con la realización de 60 entrevistas cualitativas y un grupo focal con 11 participantes (estudiantes migrantes internacionales, profesores y personal técnico de la Universidad de la Integración Latinoamericana). Los resultados arrojan que la xenofobia fue convertida en discurso oficial en Brasil, articulándose a enunciados que preconizan la intolerancia hacia las minorías y sectores vulnerables. Esto incide de forma particular en Foz, dadas las configuraciones fronterizas y militares de la ciudad. Asimismo, el estudio permite concluir que tanto los discursos como prácticas xenofóbicas están articulados por imaginarios racistas que impactan más fuertemente a las mujeres migrantes.

A representação do imigrante pela imprensa brasileira: uma revisão de literatura

The main objective of this article is to conduct an investigation into the representation of immigrants in public media discourse in Brazil, with the intention of understanding the use of stereotyped terms, as well as their frameworks. The work performs a literature review on media discourse related to immigration and its effects, focusing on Brazilian news coverage. The method of analysis and research was configured from the survey of academic productions in scientific journals in the country, between the years 2010 and 2019. It seeks to understand how the frameworks and representations are capable of producing meanings, especially when dealing with immigration as a fundamental problem.

A PANDEMIA NO DISCURSO POLÍTICO DE JAIR BOLSONARO

This research is located in the areas of text and discourse, based on the Sociointeractionist perspective and French Discourse Analysis (AD) and its theme is to examine the construction of the discursive ethos of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro through the opening speech 75a UN General Assembly (United Nations). To define the characterization of the president's ethos, we examine the strategies of political discourse, according to Maingueneau, Charaudeau, Orlandi, among others. The general objective is to contribute to studies on political discourse in Brazil. Its specific objective is to examine the construction of President Jair Bolsonaro's ethos, through the lexical selection presented in the speech. The research carried out is based on the approach of developments in the pandemic to the present moment and the theoretical-analytical methodology. The collected material consists of the speech of the pronouncement at the UN. The results obtained are partial and are part of a more comprehensive research and indicate that competence, virtue, pathos of benevolence and sympathy were the masks chosen by Jair Bolsonaro for the construction of his ethos during the speech at the UN Assembly. It is concluded that there were divergences or inconsistencies in the construction of Jair Bolsonaro's discursive ethos.

O Discurso da Análise: Ensaio Epistemológico sobre as Doutrinas do Discurso

O presente texto isola uma técnica de interpretação utilizada na tradição da cultura francesa, anglo-saxã e brasileira de teoria do discurso. O problema é motivado por uma pesquisa de tese que investiga a história mais geral da relação entre o saber da linguagem e a prática de interpretar em nossa cultura. O discurso da análise ou fala analítica é uma técnica que consiste na articulação dos enunciados do saber da linguagem com os enunciados do saber da história e com os enunciados do saber do sujeito para efetivar sua interpretação. Portanto, as diferenças do discurso da análise serão pontuadas para cada um dos seus enunciados em três culturas distintas, deixando em aberto a tarefa de pesquisar sua formação entre nós. Porque o discurso da análise difere sua interpretação de acordo com a cultura considerada, sendo inadequado avaliar sua presença em l'analyse du discours, discourse analysis e nas doutrinas do discurso como uma influência que aparece em cada cultura. As doutrinas do discurso no Brasil não são uma influência estrangeira, mas possuem uma formação que pode ser buscada através do discurso da análise que funda a relação mais geral do saber da linguagem com a intepretação.

Genderless Fashion: A (Still) Binary Market

Gender is commonly associated with two distinct and opposing sexes. Over time, such binarity has engendered stereotypes commonly observed in the fashion market. However, something called genderless fashion has recently gained prominence in the media. This research first posits that discourse in specialized media can influence the issues of power; we then seek to understand how the business and factual media discourse in Brazil describe the genderless fashion market through a critical discourse analysis. The results revealed essentially that the genderless fashion market still reproduces the stereotypes and gender patterns of the binary perspective.

Average, normal, and beautiful: representations of bodies in Brazilian biotypology (1930-1940)

ABSTRACTTh present article deals with the visual culture present in the books and textbooks on biotypology in Brazil, in the 1930s and 1940s. It analyses the representations of bodies in images, all of which were employed to guide people on the reasoning and practices of bodily measurement and classification according to the main biotypology approaches. Images herein discussed expressed the following scientific modus operandi of biotypology in Brazil: anthropometry, biometry and the construction of an average body; categorisation of biotypes, physical culture and classic aesthetic; and the link between normality, beauty and moral conceptions applied to women’s body features. This analysis also seeks to shed light on some of the ways in which biotypology strayed from and was consistent with eugenic discourse in Brazil. The representation of bodies in Brazilian biotypology showed the efforts to construct normal and deviant bodies defined according to ideals of national and racial identity, perfection, symmetry, harmony, goodness, fairness, femininity and beauty.