University Discipline Research Articles

Methodology of applying structural and logical schemes in the study of general physics in a technical university

A structural and logical scheme is a visual image of the logical connection of the main elements of knowledge within the framework of a training course, section or topic. When studying physics as an applied discipline in a technical university, its professional orientation and applied knowledge corresponding to this function come out in the first place. But applied knowledge as a consequence of physical theories is not enough for the development of a modern quantum-relativistic worldview. The idea of our research is to precede the systematic study of general physics with systematic ideas about the place and meaning of each physical theory, namely: before studying classical physics, to show its connection with quantum and relativistic physics. To do this, it is necessary to apply a preliminary and final generalization at different stages of the study of physics with the help of appropriate structural and logical schemes. When implementing this idea, the following methods were used: the method of structural and logical analysis of the course of general physics with the allocation of knowledge elements, the method of systematization based on clarifying the connection between physical theories and the method of generalization, leading to the construction of new generalized schemes of this course. In the proposed schemes "Connection of mechanical theories" and "Scales of the Universe-Velocities", we identify structural elements that reveal the specifics of the methodological representations of the theory in accordance with its place in the Universe and the velocities of its objects. The proposed methodology is based on two types of generalization: preliminary and final. The preliminary generalization shows the place of physical theory in the system of physical knowledge in the course of general physics, the final generalization is used to make students aware of the specifics of the entire range of methodological concepts used in this physical theory. The methodology is aimed at forming students ' systematic knowledge of general physics and at developing their modern quantum-relativistic worldview.

Origins of the teaching accounting in russian universities

The authors of the paper explore the life and professional activity of Stepan Mikhailovich Usov (1797-1859), as well as his views on the theory and practical implementation of new accounting techniques in agriculture. Usov was a talented researcher, an expert in agricultural sciences, political economy, history, and the publisher and editor of a number of Russian magazines. He worked hard all his life to disseminate knowledge aboutprogressive technologies of agronomy and farm bookkeeping. Usov became one of the first lecturers in accounting, which he taught at St. Petersburg University in 1836 and this is in the focus of the study. Based on the Actor–network theory of Bruno Latour (ANT), the authors contribute to the previous literature within biographical studies and accounting education by identifying Usov’s role in the development of Russian accounting as a mediator inthe network of educational institutions, which transformed accounting into a university discipline.

Application of the «pecha-kucha» format in the organization of practical classes at the university

An important component of the organization of the educational process is currently the use of innovative educational technologies, including modern tools of pedagogical activity. In addition to professional competencies in their field of activity, a university teacher must be able to creatively implement innovative pedagogical technologies. In the presence of various methods, forms and means of information and digital pedagogical technologies, the problem of the effectiveness and adequacy of their application becomes urgent. The article discusses the use of the pecha-kucha format in the training of undergraduates in the field of study 44.04.01 Pedagogical education (Secondary general education (Teacher of basic and secondary general education (by subject area)) of the Sevastopol State University discipline Standardization of school education. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of the pecha-kucha format is effective. The article provides practical recommendations for creating presentation material, organizing a speech and conducting a discussion.

FEATURES OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE «INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING PHYSICS» AT THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"The use of information technology in teaching physics is especially relevant at the present time. This article describes the experience of teaching the discipline «Information technologies in teaching physics» for students-future physics teachers at a pedagogical university. The article discusses the features and problems of teaching this discipline in a pedagogical university, describes the effective methods and technologies used in the study of the discipline, ways of enhancing the cognitive activity of students taught by means of information technology. The difficulties and problems arising when using a computer in education are also described, methods for analyzing electronic educational resources are described. The use of electronic educational resources allows to provide positive motivation for learning, improve knowledge control, provide access to various reference systems, electronic libraries and other information resources. While studying the discipline «Information technologies in teaching physics», future physics teachers get acquainted with information technologies, network Internet resources and the possibilities of their use in physics lessons at school. The use of information technology in teaching physics at school increases the motivation of students to learn, and also contributes to an increase in the information culture of students. "

The Use and Abuse of University Discipline

Mark Mercer argues that discipline against university faculty is improperly used to right a wrong, “correct” thinking, mollify aggrieved parties, and signal the university’s “care and concern.”

Open Educational Practice and Workforce Competence in Cultural Studies

This paper presents findings from the first half of a study focusing on workforce competence (WFC) and open educational practices (OEP) in a core unit for university students. Approximately 500 students per semester from across college disciplines take the unit in cultural studies. This unit has been redeveloped by our team at a university in remote northern Australia with a well-established blended delivery practice. I used developmental evaluation and content analysis to identify criteria for developing WFC skills in unit content, students’ feedback, and work samples. Initial findings suggest that OEP, interdisciplinary use of educational technology and critical pedagogies embed WFC skills for many students. Students endorsed how we used technologies, OEP and unit content as vehicles for desirable skills. OEP can cultivate workforce skills in different qualifications and could sidestep the conflicting dilemmas graduates face with futures that demand flexibility and specific job fit. This short piece shares initial analysis of emergent links between OEP and WFC and points to ways OEP, related interactions and workforce skills can improve learning design strategies across the education sector.

Register cartography and Giovanni Parodi’s research: Registerial profiles of school subjects and university disciplines

In this article, I explore the functional varieties of language, i.e. registers (or genres), used in different school subjects and university disciplines, examining the ranges of registers used in a selection of subjects and disciplines - their registerial profiles. I draw on Giovanni Parodi’s research into registerial profiles of university disciplines and on systemic functional work on registerial profiles of school subjects, showing how they complement one another. I sketch an outline of a comprehensive view informed by these pioneering contributions so that future research can fill in gaps and further illuminate registerial profiles of different fields of study, curricular composition and sequence of registers and learner paths through institutions of education seen in terms of expanding personal registerial repertoires. For the sake of conceptual clarification, I also touch on different approaches to the phenomenon of functional variation within language according contexts of use under the headings of ‘register’ and ‘genre’.

Effectiveness of Gender Education in Ukraine as the Implementation of the Principle of Gender Parity

The purpose of the study was to investigate gender stereotypes and prejudices that negatively affect women and men. It is important that students be aware of gender issues and are able to critically reflect on their own prejudices and gender "matrices" of the education system in the context of ‘gender v sex’. A questionnaire was the main method of data collection. A sociological survey, "Students on the problems of gender equality" was conducted at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukraine). The survey was conducted based on a three-level probability sample, which ensures the representativeness of the data. The effectiveness of aspects of gender education in secondary schools and higher education institutions has been assessed. At school, the problems of gender equality are not discussed enough; more than 80% of all respondents did not learn anything at school on this topic. Every third student discussed the issues of gender parity in the university classes. As a rule, this was done in general courses (sociology, philosophy, law), as there are no special disciplines on gender parity in society. The study reached the conclusion that respondents were unfamiliar with gender issues, so they might sometimes not see (perceive) certain gender prejudices and oppression in a student body, which encourages more attention to the development of gender-oriented disciplines of Ukrainian universities.

Victorian Artists’ Letters: Rhetoric, Networks, and Social Capital

Victorian artists were remarkably literate; they wrote autobiographies, diaries, and essays and befriended writers and journalists. Writing had become a way to present themselves on the open market and to generate a public image as individuals and collectively within the new professionalism emerging in the century. Letter writing was purposed to solidify and improve artists’ social capital, and their comments were always embedded in social relationships and practices. Thus, artists’ letters reveal much about the artworld structure; its players; and its overlapping spheres of social, economic, and professional identities. Their letters combined frankness with rhetorical pleading and contained their own press releases, studio invitations, and responses to criticism and were often intended for public consumption if used in critics’ reviews. Through letters, artists and critics revealed their reciprocal authority and agency and did not simply reflect the artworld but shaped that world. In their letters, economic gains were sublimated by artists’ desire for fame, Royal Academy acceptance, and a place in art history, then an emerging university discipline, seeking symbolic investments in their reputations and demonstrating that the market is cultural, not just economic. In their letters artists made clear that commodification does not destroy or pollute subjectivity.

Symbiosis Mechanism of Academic Journals and Discipline Construction in Chinese Colleges

Academic journals and discipline construction in colleges are two major drivers of scientific progress. There is a complex interactive mechanism between the two drivers. The synergy between the two is worthy of in-depth research. The research aims include better developing academic journals with discipline advantages and back-feeding discipline construction with academic journals. The symbiotic theory provides a new research perspective for the cooperation mechanism between college academic journals and discipline construction. Drawing on the symbiotic theory, this paper explores the root causes and interactive logic of the collaboration between college academic journals and discipline construction, from the angles of the symbiotic unit, symbiotic environment, and symbiotic model. The results show that the symbiosis between academic journals and discipline construction in Chinese colleges mainly relies on two essential parameters, namely, academic talents and research results; although colleges provide a positive environment, the symbiosis between the two factors mostly takes place on unofficial information platforms and cooperation mechanisms, for the relevant policies are relatively new and mostly discipline-oriented; the symbiosis between college academic journals and discipline construction is mutualistic but remains in the intermittent stage. Therefore, it is important to find a more effective symbiotic path for college academic journals and discipline construction, following their symbiotic law.

Special aspects of teaching medical genetics to future doctors

Aim. Improving educational process in teaching Medical Genetics as part of the Medical Biology in order to improve the quality of professional training of future doctors. Methods. Study of methodological developments and analysis of work programs of biological disciplines of various medical universities, as well as development of methods for optimizing an educational process. Results. Due to constantly growing requirements for the quality of education and training of highly qualified specialists in the modern settings, it is important to actively search for new methods and forms of training that would help bring students' training to international standards as close as possible. Scientific progress requires a significant improvement in the forms of teaching, development of complex training programs, presentation of a large amount of information for uptake at a higher, qualitatively new level. Preparing future doctors, teachers of the Medical Biology Department apply all the necessary activities that not only help to get fundamental general biological training, but to master the skills necessary for practical and research work. Conclusions. Broad involvement of modern methods of teaching in a pedagogical process in higher education, such as interactive methods, is a significant step towards qualitative changes in education, in particular, obtaining better results of the educational process and professional training of students.
 Keywords: medical genetics, students, higher education, learning optimisation methods, educational process.

TRAINING PRE-SERVICE TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS TO DEVELOP SCHOOLCHILDREN’S TECHNICAL LITERACY

Technical literacy is a component of professional competence of the pre-service technology teacher. However, the course content of technical disciplines in the pedagogical universities of Ukraine is not consistent with the content knowledge subsequently used in teaching practice of a technology teacher. Also, there is a need in general technical literacy of the students, yet it is developed only in its engineering design aspect. In the paper, it was proved that for the general technical literacy of pre-service technology teachers the basic concepts are the following technical phenomena: motion transmission, changes in kinematic parameters of motion, changes in force parameters of motion. Natural and scientific foundations of the machine drives were used as the basic topic-specific knowledge. It was hypothesized that effectiveness of teaching technical literacy to children would raise if the narrative about the technical phenomena is included in the content of the “Utility machinery” course for the pre-service technology teachers. The pedagogical experiment was performed in the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University (Ukraine). It included ascertaining, formative, and control stages. At the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment, the students’ readiness level to study technical phenomena was determined. At the formative stage, the students’ readiness to develop children’s technical literacy was measured. At the control stage, students’ readiness level to develop technical literacy was estimated in experimental and control groups. Theoretical value of the results is in substantiating technical topic-specific content knowledge as necessary for the pre-service technology teachers. Practical significance of the results is in implementation of the narratives about technical phenomena in the learning practice of the students of pedagogical university. Keywords: multidisciplinary approach, narrative approach, technical phenomena, technology teachers

CURRENT TRENDS OF TEACHER TRAINING IN UKRAINIAN ABROAD

The article analyzes the modernization processes in the modern education system of Ukraine, primarily in the formation of its pedagogical potential. The expediency of using in this sphere the achievements of foreign states in which Ukrainians live is substantiated. It has been proved that the most significant experience in training pedagogical staff for the Ukrainian schooling system in the diaspora has been developed in Canada. It is carried out by universities and university colleges. It is established that their educational and professional programs include academic courses, professional courses, and practical activities at school (educational practice). The task of these courses is to provide future teachers with knowledge of the subjects they will teach at school. The curricula include mandatory fundamental disciplines (development of children/adolescents, education of children with special needs, methods of teaching different subjects, theory of learning, etc.) and optional courses of professional direction offered by universities. The peculiarities of training teachers of Ukrainian disciplines in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Toronto universities and the organization of their further professional growth by public institutions of Canadian Ukrainians are analyzed. It was established that Ukrainian studies in Canadian universities have a degree structure of training specialists and cover three levels: Bachelor, Master, and Ph.D. However, different universities have different Ukrainian language training programs and, accordingly, their graduates have various opportunities for further employment. It was found that postgraduate education and professional growth of Ukrainian school teachers are provided by public organizations of foreign Ukrainians (World Coordinating Educational Council, Congress of Ukrainians of Canada, School Councils, etc.). They organize summer teacher training courses, seminars, webinars, online training, etc. The ideas of foreign experience, which it is advisable to creatively implement in the activities of institutions of higher pedagogical education in Ukraine, are distinguished.

University Discipline Governance Based on Attributes of Disciplines

University Discipline Governance Based on Attributes of Disciplines

MODELING OF INTERDISCIPLINARY PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTION IN THE UNIVERSITY

It is advisable to introduce the ideas of an interdisciplinary approach into the practice of teaching university disciplines on the basis of pedagogical interaction of teachers of various disciplines, which should take place at the "intersection" of three areas: the content-methodological areas of each of the disciplines and the pedagogical area of knowledge. The process of modeling interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction includes setting the modeling goal, choosing theoretical foundations, studying the structure of organization and coordination of methodological work at the university, conversations with representatives of the university leadership, analyzing university regulations and questioning representatives of the teaching staff. The article provides the author's definition of the concept of "interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction", a developed structural model of interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction and a description of its structural elements. The conceptual-target block contains conceptual foundations, goals, objectives and principles of interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction; the diagnostic and prognostic block is responsible for the methods used to ascertain the level of development of interdisciplinary interaction in a university; the content block takes into account the objects of interdisciplinary interaction and the classification of interdisciplinary relations; the organizational-activity block covers subjects, forms, and builds an algorithm for the procedure of interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction; the resultative block describes the results of interdisciplinary pedagogical interaction.

Samoilov Vladimir Olegovich (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)

The article briefly covers the scientific, pedagogical and creative activities of Vladimir Olegovich Samoilov, whose life and fate have been associated with his alma mater for more than six decades. May 7, 2021 Vladimir Olegovich Samoilov turned 80 years old. Vladimir Olegovich Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Retired Major General of the Medical Service, Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Vladimir Olegovich made a significant contribution to the emergence of an independent scientific discipline in medical universities of the country medical biophysics, which began to study the fundamental problems of metabolism and bioenergetics at the molecular, cellular and systemic levels. Samoilov developed original training courses in biophysics and medical electronics and headed the Department of Medical Physics for 14 years. Together with the staff of the department, he revived and rebuilt the teaching of higher mathematics and general physics at the Academy on the basis of the deductive method. Since 1974 Biophysics is taught at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov as a system of physical and physico-chemical processes underlying life activity. In 1988, V.O. Samoilov was appointed Deputy Head of the Academy for Academic and Scientific Work. In the next six years, under his leadership, the system of basic military medical education was restructured. In 2001 Vladimir Olegovich headed the Department of Normal Physiology. During the difficult time of the change of generations, the department reorganized the educational process and resumed scientific research on the main sections of normal physiology. He formed one of the brightest scientific academic schools, which consists of seven doctors and 22 candidates of science.

THE REVOLUTIONARY ATTACK ON «FREEDOM OF EDUCATION», OR THE PROLETARIAN READING OF SOCIAL DISCIPLINES IN THE 1920s: FROM CONCEPTION TO IMPLEMENTATION

The article examines the problems of the Soviet education formation in one of the most troubled periods of the Soviet history – in the 1920s. The features of the policy of the Soviet government in this direction are studied. Through the study of a number of steps taken by the Soviet government in the field of university curricula transformation, a general picture of large-scale changes in the entire educational system is given. The work focuses on social disciplines that became key ones in creating the Soviet educational system. On the example of the activities performed by two universities in the Volga region (the largest at that time) – Saratov State University and Kazan State University -the main reasons and principles of introducing new social disciplines are studied. What it involves first is Marxist-Leninist social disciplines, which are actively implanted by the new government in the educational programs of the country’s universities in general and the universities of the Middle Volga Region in particular. The process of building social institutions designed to accumulate the study of Marxist-Leninist disciplines in universities is shown. On the basis of examining the archival documents reflecting the activities of these universities, particular moments of history associated with the beginning of the introduction and teaching Marxist-Leninist disciplines were reconstructed. The emphasis is placed on studying the reflection of the higher-education teaching personnel and their individual representatives on the ongoing changes. Individual statements of university teachers, their speeches, articles, and their direct social practices became one of the main sources that made it possible to reconstruct the attitude of the university intelligentsia to the flooding of the educational process with Marxist-Leninist disciplines and to the transformation of their professional space as a whole. The paper also traces the methods of the university intelligentsia’s influencing the ongoing changes. The interconnection between the socio-cultural practices of university professors and lecturers and the results of social disciplines transformations is revealed. It is noted that the initial plans of the authorities were largely adjusted, largely under the influence of the higher-education teaching personnel. In general, the article defines the significance of socio-cultural practices of the university intelligentsia for the emerging Soviet educational system.

Connectedness and Perseverance: Examining Grit’s Relation to Age, Academic Performance and Interest, and Adult Attachment

The individual with grit is one who engages in deliberate practice in effortful perseverance toward long-term goals, despite experiencing difficulty or struggle. We investigated how age, grade point average (GPA), college discipline, and adult attachment dimensions (close, depend, and anxiety) relate to grit. Grit, a trait-level characteristic defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, has been found to predict successful outcomes, including achievement and high performance, above and beyond talent. We recruited 797 participants through a university listserv to complete an anonymous online survey. Although studies have found gender and age variably relate to grit, we found gender had no significant relationship and age had a small but significant positive relationship with grit. Age, GPA, college discipline, and adult attachment were significant predictors of grit, with close and anxiety attachment dimensions having the largest effect. Although grit may not be inherent to a college discipline, this study joins others in finding that some college disciplines have individuals with higher levels of grit than other disciplines.

Students' perception on learning methods in engineering disciplines

PurposeThis study explores the preferences for learning methods among the students of seven engineering disciplines in a Spanish technical university. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the students' views and from them contribute to the knowledge of the effectiveness of learning methodologies.Design/methodology/approachAn online anonymous questionnaire survey was adopted to collect students' perceptions. Seven learning methods were compared in seven engineering degrees. The authors sampled 1660 students, and 426 completed responses were analysed. In addition to a descriptive analysis of the results, a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was performed using R data processing software.FindingsIt was found that project-based learning and problem-based learning were perceived as the more effective ones. MCA identified response patterns between the preference and the efficiency of learning methods showing that students can be classified into two groups according to their preferred level of activeness in learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focusses on a single technical university and not all engineering degrees could be sampled. However, five different engineering fields were studied and no significant differences among them were found.Practical implicationsThe results add up to the known literature showing that students have different learning needs and consequently they perceive some methods as more effective. Instructors can use this information to strengthen their learning activities. Results also suggest that students can be classified into two groups in relation to their level of activeness in learning. This can also help to enhance general student motivation if two paths with different levels of activeness are planned.Originality/valueNo previous studies have compared several learning methods in different engineering fields. Thus, this study contributes to fill this gap and contributes to the body of evidence around learning methodologies from the perspective of students.

Analysis on the Development of Potential Disciplines in Universities Based on Incites and ESI---Taking University of Jinan as an example

We provide objective data support for the discipline planning and discipline construction of University of Jinan, and speed up the entry of potential disciplines into advantageous disciplines, increase the influence of disciplines, and improve the quality of higher education. The threshold value relative gap method is used to calculate the potential value of potential disciplines, and the most potential disciplines of biology and biochemistry are selected. We analyze the trends of biology and biochemistry from the output of papers and the total citation frequency of papers, the distribution of cooperative institutions, and the situation of publishing journals. The total number of scientific research papers in biology and biochemistry is insufficient, and the total citation frequency of these papers has dropped significantly. There are fewer international and domestic cooperation agencies and the coverage of journals is narrow.