Zhytomyr Region Research Articles

Water Quality from the Sources of Non-Centralized Water Supply within the Rural Settlements of Zhytomyr Region

Abstract The research was conducted within the territories of rural settlements of Zhytomyr region. A total of 72 sources of non-centralized water supply were surveyed. Water quality was assessed by physical and chemical (pH, iron total, total water hardness) and toxicological (nitrites, nitrates, and ammonium) indicators, the content of which was compared with the norms given in the State Sanitary Regulations and Standards 2.2.4-171-10 “Hygienic Requirements for Drinking Water Intended for Human Consumption.” The assessment of drinking water quality was carried out in accordance with DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 and with the water quality index (WQI). It was found that the largest deviations from the norm among toxicological indicators were observed for nitrates – 63.9%. In terms of water quality classes according to DSTU 4808:2007, drinking water from sources of non-centralized water supply of villages showed the following distribution: 2.8% of the samples belonged to class 1 (excellent water quality), 72.2% to class 2, and 25% to class 3. According to WQI, 16.7% of the examined sources of non-centralized water supply had excellent water, 63.9% had good water, and 19.4% had poor water. Despite the fact that the water from the investigated sources of non-centralized water supply was of acceptable quality, it is impotable due to the excessive nitrate content. The results obtained show that there is a need for monitoring of drinking water quality from the sources of non-centralized water supply, especially in rural settlements that are not provided with centralized water supply.

Current trends in the distribution of ice deposit fields on the territory of Ukraine during 1991-2020 regarding 1981-2010

The presented article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the spread of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine in the last thirty years of 1991-2020 (new climate standard) relative to the period 1981-2010. recommended by WMO. The conducted research is related to the research work on the study of climate change carried out at the UkrSMI. Question status. Despite certain achievements in the study of the distribution of ice-frost deposits in the territory of Ukraine in the past, the task of determining the existing trends and subsequent changes in their distribution under the influence of climate change remains unresolved. The purpose of the study was to determine the current state and features of the distribution of the field of ice deposits on the territory of Ukraine with the identification of centers of increase and decrease in the average amount of such deposits, as well as trends relative to another observation period. Materials and methods. Data of actual instrumental observations of ice deposits at all meteorological stations of Ukraine for two periods 1991-2020 and 1981-2010 were used for processing. The main research methods were physical-statistical with the determination of the normalized values of the number of cases of such deposits and cartographic with the visualization of the results. The information obtained is not only informative, since it reflects the current trends in the distribution of one of the types of ice-frost deposits, which are adverse weather phenomena, but also allows you to plan the work of weather-dependent industries in more detail, ensuring their uninterrupted operation. Main results. It has been established that most of the deviations of the average number of ice cases for the study period relative to the period of 1981-2010. were insignificant, but in some areas during the cold season, especially in winter, they reached higher values. values. It has been established that in January and December there is a predominance of positive deviations of the average number of ice cases in Ukraine. Most of the centers of positive deviations are based on the territory of the western region from Volyn. Rivne and Zhytomyr regions to the Carpathians, as well as in the north of the Chernihiv and Sumy regions, as well as in a number of central regions from Vinnitsa to Poltava and Dnepropetrovsk regions. Also, noticeable foci of such deviations are observed in the north and east of the Kharkiv region, as well as in the north of the Luhansk region. They are noticeable in the south of the country. In February and March, foci of negative deviations were most often encountered. The most pronounced of them were observed in the western region in the territory from the Zhytomyr region to the Carpathian region, as well as in some central regions. In February, a focus of positive deposits was discovered in the north of the Chernihiv region. In April-October, the field of ice deposits for 1991-2020. compared to 1981-2010 practically did not change. In November, an increase in the number and spatial distribution of positive deviations of the average amount of ice deposits was revealed. They were mainly distributed in the central regions from Vinnitsa to the Poltava and Dnepropetrovsk regions, as well as in the east of the Kharkiv region and the north of the Luhansk region.

Veterinary and sanitary assessment of food products on quality and safety indicators in Zhytomyr region

The veterinary and sanitary assessment results of food products according to SLVSE agro-food markets of Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr region and Zhytomyr regional state laboratory of the Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection for 2021 are presented. In total, 68.151 tons of products were not allowed to be sold, and 8866 positive research results were obtained, including 50 carcasses and 3305 cases of invasive and non-communicable diseases. The main reason for the rejection of offal in 2021 was invasive and non-communicable diseases, which significantly worsened the sanitary indicators of product quality. MAFAnM of the liver, which was cleaned due to fasciolosis, is higher than in the same organ obtained from healthy animals by 86.0 %. The highest percentage of affected samples for E. coli was found in the study of the lungs (50.0 %), in the presence of Klebsiella – the heart (50.0 %.). In terms of quality and safety (the content of toxic elements, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, radionuclides), the studied 212838 food samples in 47 exceeded the content of 137Cs following the State Hygienic Standards. The most dangerous are the gifts of the forest. Excess was found in 30 samples of fresh mushrooms and 13 – dry. The specific activity of 137Cs in the sample of fresh mushrooms from Popelny exceeded DR-2006 6.9 times, five samples from Lugin – 1.4–2.0 times, nine samples from Narodychi – the maximum exceedance 2.2 times, six samples from Novograd – 1.2–1.8 times, six samples from Ovruch – 1.2–1.7 times. The specific activity on the content of 137Cs in 3 samples of dried mushrooms from Narodychi exceeded DR-2006 by 2.1–6.7 times, two samples from Olevsk – by 1.6 and 5.6 times, 1 sample from Lugin – by 2.6 times, four samples from Ovruch – 1.0–1.6 times, three samples from Yemilchino – 1.0–1.1 times). The system of monitoring sanitary-hazardous pathogens and residual amounts of toxic substances and radionuclides remains the guarantor of food safety in Ukraine. To eliminate the risk of food consumer hazards, it is necessary to improve the control system of raw materials used to manufacture products, safety indicators at all stages of production “from the field – to the table”, and remove substandard products.

War and Post-War Zones: A Deficit of Staff Members in the Private Practices

The war on European continent continues… 57 days of Russian invasion with tanks, fighters, combat helicopters, warships, missiles attacks but also a heroic defense of Ukrainian army and nation completely changed the work of many private practices in Ukraine. Deficit of staff members in a war and post-war regions has been developed due to the two main reasons (1) temporary/permanent change of residence of clinic staff from the eastern, southern and northern regions of Ukraine to the central and western regions and (2) departure/evacuation abroad for temporary/permanent residence. More than 5 million people have left Ukraine for almost two months of Russian full-scale invasion. The majority (90 percent) of those people are women and children; among them a significant number of dentists, nurses, and clinic administrators can be noted. Female orthodontists (i.e., doctor-stomatologist-orthodontists), pediatric dentists (i.e., pediatric doctor-stomatologists), oral surgeons (i.e., doctor-stomatologist-surgeons), interns, students of dental faculties are those health workers who have been evacuated from Kyiv during the last two months according to our data. Also, among the evacuated persons of Kyiv`s clinics are nursemaids, nurses, and administrators. We can state with assurance that gender will be used as a basic guideline for the present and future hiring for the clinic in the war zones (e.g., Kyiv city and region, Chernihiv region, Sumy region, Zhytomyr region, etc.)5. This is evidenced by the fact that male employees of the military age (18-60-year-old men) are the subject to a possible mobilization in the army and do not have the opportunity to leave the country during the acting martial law.

Ecological and parasitological characteristics of the “Fasciola hepatica L.–Lymnaea (Galba) subangulata” system

Background. Fasciolosis is one of the most common zoonoses in the world, caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica L. This helminthiasis leads to significant economic damage in animal husbandry and can pose a direct threat to human health. Today, in the context of climate change, detailed knowledge of the biological characte­ristics of the trematode F. hepatica circulation will make it possible to predict outbreaks of fasciolosis on farms in detail and plan effective measures to combat this dangerous disease. The purpose of this work is to clarify some aspects of F. hepatica biology within Berdychiv district belonging to the forest-steppe zone of Zhytomyr region. Material and Methods. The work was carried out during 2020–2021. Collections of mollusks from water bodieson the territory of Berdichevsky district of Zhytomyr region served as the material for the research. Their identification was carried out by conchological features. Conventional methods were used for the parasitological study of mollusks. In total, more than 2000 mollusks Lymnaea (Galba) spp. were examined. Sampling of water and mollusks was carried out from four pasture reservoirs. Results. The main intermediate host of F. hepatica is the mollusk L. (G.) subangulata in the territory of Berdychiv region; L. (G.) truncatulaplays a secondary role in the distribution of this trematode. It was noted that the carriers of F. hepatica partenites are mainly mollusks with a shell height of 4.0 to 8.2 mm. New data on the dynamics of infection of L. (G.) subangulata with the trematode F. hepatica was obtained. The dynamics of infestation of these mollusks with F. hepatica cercariae shows a stable uniform character in the form of a two-peak curve, with peaks in May (2.51 ± 0.88 %) and August (9.19 ± 1.78 %). The overall prevalence of L. (G.) subangulata invasion by fasciola cercariae in the studied water bodies in 2020 was significantly lower than in 2021. Conclusions. In modern climatic conditions, in the territory of the region, permanent water bodies have become fasciolosis foci and common places for the settlement of L. (G.) subangulata, infected with F. hepatica cercariae. The most favorable environmental conditions for fasciola and its intermediate hosts develop in spring; accordingly; for the definitive hosts, this period is quite dangerous in terms of infection of animals.

Modeling of forest fires based on the Bayesian forecast model and geoinformation technologies

Today, a variety of information about forest ecosystems can be obtained using remote sensing methods. The use of space data for forest monitoring is cost-effective because it allows you to quickly obtain the objective information needed by foresters to solve practical problems. Satellite data provide wide coverage of forest lands, high accuracy of results, as well as high frequency of data obtained. Space images of the Ovruch district of the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine in the summer of 2020 were selected for the study. Determination of breed composition was carried out by the methods of controlled classification, namely the Bayesian classifier. It was found that 70 % of forests are pine, less aspen, hornbeam, birch, alder and ash tree species. According to statistics, during 2000-2020, 51.4 thousand hectares of forest plantations in Ukraine were damaged and destroyed by forest fires. Therefore, objective and timely information on the consequences of fires is needed to solve a wide range of applied problems of forestry. An important task in assessing the environmental and economic damage caused to forestry as a result of forest fires is to determine the area of damaged forests. The paper considers technologies for determining the area of the forest where the fire took place, using space images of the Landsat 8 satellite. The normalized NBR fire index before and after the fire and the DNBR index are used to identify areas burned by fire and impression levels. To predict forest fires, a mathematical model based on Bayes' theorem was created and a thematic map with fire hazard classes on a quarterly basis was created. To check the accuracy of the results of the created forecast model, the thematic map was combined with a layer of defined fire areas. This software product is quite flexible and versatile, it can be easily adapted for use not only to identify burned forest lands, but also for other areas.

Оцінка можливості повернення до господарського обігу виведених, внаслідок аварії на ЧАЕС, пасовищ і cіножатей

A radiological assessment of hayfields and pastures (Narodychy district, Zhytomyr region), which were taken out of economic use due to contamination after the Chornobyl accident, was performed. The possibility and ways of returning the lands to original use were considered. Maps of 137Cs and 90Sr soil contamination densities for the field were made and the corresponding statistical characteristics of the contamination were estimated. Estimates of 137Cs and 90Sr activity concentration in natural grasses, cow milk, and meat as well as the risks of exceeding by the values the permissible levels have been calculated. The possibility of using the land for the production of milk and meat has been shown in the example of the considered radioactively contaminated pastures.

Predicting Demographic Indicators by Splines

The current demographic pattern in Ukraine features the decreasing birth rate and the increasing mortality, resulting in ageing and decline of the population, which breaks the favourable demographic balance. At the Ukrainian territories affected by radioactive contamination because of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, these processes differ from those on other territories. Given the considerable impact of emergency situations on the course of demographic processes, developing and testing prediction techniques specifically designed for those territories has essential importance.
 The purpose of this work is to forecast changes in demographic indicators (population number, birth rate, mortality,infant mortality and stillbirth) by spline functions, forthe areas with the heaviest radioactive contamination after the Chornobyl disaster, which are located in Zhytomyr region (Korosten, Luhyno, Narodychy, Ovruch and Olevsk), for 2020–2023, and the town of Korosten for 2021–2023.The data sources for the research were State Statistic Service of Ukraine for 1979–2020, and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 At the first phase, spline functions were used to forecast the abovementioned indicators in 2017–2020 by data for 1979–2016 for the town of Korosten. A comparison of the resulting forecast with the actual data led to the conclusion that that spline models of observations could be an effective tool for short-term forecasting of population number, birth rate and mortality. The most adequate prediction of population numbers could be achieved with cubic splines, whereas the best prediction of birth rate and mortality – with linear continuous splines.
 The forecasts of birth and mortality rates for 2017–2020 proved to be quite optimistic. However, in the pandemic conditions, a deviation of the predicted population numbers, birth rate and mortality was revealed: actual numbers for all the three indicators in 2020 were beyond the confidence region, which had not been the case in 2017–2019. The actual figures in 2020, found to be far worse than the predicted ones, may be caused by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which is an unpredictable factor. The extra mortality caused by COVID-19 in 2020 was estimated for the town of Korosten.
 At the second phase, probable changes in the population number, birth rate and mortality were predicted for 2021–2023 in all the areas. The 95% confidence region and confidence intervals were built for the predictions. It was found that the last years’ trends in demographic indicators in radioactively contaminated territories would continue in a short-term perspective. It was shown that because annual numbers of infant mortality and stillbirthcould not be predicted due to their significant variations, averaging for 5-year periods should be used.
 A forecast of the average numbers was made for the 5 five-year periods where actual data were unknown. Also, it was emphasized that for the indicators predicted with linear continuous splines, actual numbers might turn to be far from the forecasted ones, because of the existence of extreme points, with growth suddenly changing for decline, and vice versa. Because such points cannot be predicted by extrapolation of observed trends, it is necessary to find other methods for their prediction.
 Further research will focus on other prediction methods, to achieve higher prediction accuracy,and on inclusion of economic indicators in the prediction models.

New floristic finds in the Forest-Steppe part of Zhytomyr Region

Results of the conducted botanical surveys in the Forest-Steppe part of Zhytomyr Region are provided. Nine alien taxa (mainly xenophytes) new for the flora of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe have been identified: Allium altissimum, Amaranthus deflexus, Aphanes arvensis, Artemisia umbrosa, Crataegus sanguinea, Epilobium pseudorubescens, Erigeron strigosus, Polygonum calcatum, and Silene coronaria. Localities of these species are described and botanical-geographical comments are provided for most of taxa. There are also 64 taxa newly reported for the Forest-Steppe part of Zhytomyr Region, of which 31 are native plants, 32 – alien plants, and 1 species of unidentified origin. Twelve taxa are rare and protected at different levels. Invasive plants in need of monitoring are identified among newly reported species. According to the new data, flora of the Forest-Steppe part of Zhytomyr Region includes more than 1320 taxa of vascular plants. An important result was the discovery at the border of Zhytomyr Polissya and the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of localities of five expanding species of the genus Rubus with predominantly Central European ranges: R. bertramii, R. gracilis, R. hirtus, R. montanus, and R. plicatus. Expansion of these species of blackberries in the eastern direction within the territory of Northern Ukraine is associated with natural migration and is probably caused by the gradual climate warming.

The prolonged effect of GLUTAM 1M biologically active preparation on dairy productivity and milk quality of cows

We have studied the effect of biologically active preparation of metabolic-neurotropic action “Glutam 1M” on milk productivity of cows and quality indicators of raw milk. This preparation was used for dry cows in the last trimester of pregnancy. Studies were performed in the private agricultural enterprise “Savertsi” of Popilnyansky district of Zhytomyr region on cows of Holstein breed. The biologically active preparation “Glutam 1M” has been administered to the cows of the experimental groups under the skin behind the shoulder blade in an amount of 20 ml, starting from 270 and 265 days of gestation, once a day for three consecutive days. Cows of control groups were injected with saline in the same dose. Using the biologically active preparation “Glutam 1M”, a milk yield decreased slightly by 2% (91.9 kg). The milk yield increased by 2.9% (141.5 kg) in the control group. 305-days milk yield in the control group of cows was almost the same as in the previous lactation period. During the experiment, the experimental group of cows – has decreased by 2.9% (136.5 kg). A similar situation has been observed during the biologically active preparation “Glutam 1M” on the 270 – 272th days of pregnancy. Milk yield in the experimental group of animals for the previous lactation and after the use of preparation remained almost at the same level in the control group – decreased by 4.7% (207.1 kg). 305-days milk yield in the control group of cows for the previous and post-lactation experiment period was almost the same. In the experimental group of animals, there was an increase in this indicator by 2.7% (128.7 kg). The use of the “Glutam 1M” preparation did not affect milk quality, namely the mass fraction of fat and protein; fluctuations of the above indicators stayed within the error.

Effectiveness of Herbicides in Winter Wheat Crops

To obtain high yields of winter wheat, it is important to control the contamination of crops with weeds. It is known that yield losses can be 30% or more due to the presence of segetal vegetation in wheat crops. With intensive technology of growing winter wheat, the chemical method of protection against weeds is an extremely important element. The paper highlights data on the species composition and class of contamination of winter wheat agrocenosis. The effectiveness of herbicides and their tank mixtures in winter wheat crops to reduce the presence of the weed component, increase grain yield and quality in the conditions of Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region on sandy loam soils during 2019-2021 was studied. It is established that the structure of the weed component of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat in farm conditions is dominated by dicotyledonous weed species, namely: field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.), shovelweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.), toadpipe (Equisetum arvense L.), and blue bottle flower (Centaurea cyanus L.), the share of which is 64.8%. Graminaceous species of weeds are represented by silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.), couch-grass (Elytrigia repens L.), rye brome grass (Bromus secalinus L.). The technical efficiency of the studied herbicides with the separate and joint application was in the range of 60.8-94.6%. The highest indicator of technical efficiency of herbicides in winter wheat crops, which is 94.6%, was obtained in an experiment using a tank mixture of Granstar Pro 75 + Apiros 75 preparations, with norms of 0.025+0.013 kg/ha, as well as an increase in wheat grain yield by 2.0 t/ha compared to the contaminated control. Spraying winter wheat crops with herbicides during the growing season allows improving the quality indicators of the grain yield structure. In particular, the content of protein and fibrin increases by 1.1 times; the moisture content of grain decreases by 1.0-1.1 times, and the content of dirt impurity decreases by 2.8-6.7 times, compared to the control version

АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ЖИТОМИРСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

The article analyzes the activities of tourism entities in Zhytomyr and Zhytomyr region on the basis of a survey and static analysis of data from the Main Department of Statistics of Ukraine for 2020. The state and level of development of the market of tourist services of Zhytomyr at the level of both consumers and performers is characterized. Based on the analytical review of consolidated statistics on the activities of tour operators and travel agencies in Zhytomyr region and the results of the survey, it was concluded that Zhytomyr region occupies a weak position in the national market of tourism services, both in number of registered tour operators and travel agencies and by the number of sold tourist packages. It was found that only passive tourism is developing in the region, ie the departure of tourists abroad. Zhytomyr region "exports" tourists to other countries. And the most popular for recreation are countries such as Egypt and Turkey (budget option for family vacations). Such dynamics negatively affect the development of both regional and national tourism market and related industries of the country. Such statistics coincide with the results of the survey. It was found that the family budget for vacation ranges from 20 to 40 thousand hryvnias (93% of respondents) per family. Only 7% of respondents spend more than 50 thousand hryvnias on vacation. Such results are in good agreement with the answers regarding the choice of countries for recreation. As a result of the survey, it was found that the leaders among tour operators are: Anex Tour, Join UP and Coral Travel. Thus, tour operator and travel agency activities in the Zhytomyr region are poorly developed. There, Zhytomyr region ranks 17th with the number of tour packages sold 2215. This is a very low figure for the whole region. The region is dominated by outbound tourism. It is the focus on the development of domestic tourism that should be a priority for the development of tourism in the region. Effective implementation of tours in the country and region, and not just the sale of tour packages for holidays abroad, should become the dominant task of travel companies in the region. Such tours will provide quality and inexpensive recreation, promote long-term prosperity and development of the local community and improve the profitability of small and mediumsized businesses.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В ЖИТОМИРСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

Direct review of the specifics of agricultural production in our case – in the Zhytomyr region, in our opinion, requires prior consideration of the following provisions: a) modern agricultural enterprises – is a fundamentally new type of agricultural production, the nature and character of the organization of production processes in which radically different from those that existed in collective ownership of land, radically changed virtually all external and internal conditions of their operation; b) personal peasant farms are a separate type of agricultural production, the main purpose of which is to act as a good ground for the emergence and gradual expansion of the sphere of influence of market relations in the agro-industrial complex and in the economic complex of Ukraine as a whole; c) perhaps the main prerequisite for the effective functioning of farms is the degree of consideration of the specifics of this type of agricultural production to the realities of today. In the process of considering the features of agricultural production in this case – Zhytomyr region, the main emphasis was on the analysis of such indicators. First, data on the place of agriculture in this area in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine as a whole by considering its share in the production of major types of both crop and livestock subsectors are given. Secondly, the structure of agricultural production in the region is relatively detailed, in particular, in terms of existing groups of producers, as enterprises of this industry, from the total production of peasant farms are separately separated farms. The specifics of one or another of these forms of land use was considered mainly by considering the relationship between such industries as crop production and animal husbandry. Third, for a number of reasons, the specifics of the production of major crops, ie crop products, in certain, major categories of farms were considered separately. It was supplemented by data on the yield of the main ones. In the context of the above, I would like to dwell on this. In the process of considering the specifics of production in such an important component as agricultural enterprises in this case, Zhytomyr region, the presence of a significant difference in the amount of its volumes in terms of districts was particularly highlighted. In this regard, the article examined in detail the possibility of a relationship between the volume of production in agricultural enterprises of the region and changes due to this factor in its structure in terms of the most important sub-sectors, such as crop production and animal husbandry. The conclusions of the analysis are quite interesting and revealing, they significantly deepen the understanding of the specifics of production in agricultural enterprises both within the region and in the scale of certain districts.

ДО ПИТАНЬ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ ЖИТОМИРСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

Characteristic features of the proposed article were as follows. First, the characteristics of the place and, accordingly, the role of farms in the agro-industrial complex of Zhytomyr region are relatively detailed, which found its expression, in particular, in the fact that data on production volumes in farms of this type in absolute terms. This significantly expands the range of required, calculated values. In our case, the relationship between the volume of production of the most important subsectors of agriculture, such as crop production and animal husbandry. In addition, it made it possible to determine the share of farms in total agricultural production in the region as a whole and in terms of these subsectors. In the context of the above, it is not least important that the consideration of the role and place of farms was not limited to this, it was detailed, for some reason (insignificant share of livestock products), giving in one of the tables data on the share of major species crops, in particular wheat, barley, sunflower, potatoes, etc. Directly in the article this is more fully reflected. Secondly, in a certain sense, the peculiarity of the article is that in the process of analyzing the efficiency of farms – in our case, Zhytomyr region – the main emphasis was placed on the indicators that are decisive in this regard. This is the level of profitability of the main types of agricultural products, both crop and livestock products. Together with the indicator of the structure of crop rotations, it gives a more or less complete idea of the level of efficiency of each individual farm. Moreover, it probably reflects all the main aspects of the functioning in this case of farms of this type. One of the most important indicators that determine the level of profitability of certain types of agricultural products is perhaps not so much the absolute value of costs as their structure. It is given and considered separately in one of the tables. Moreover, this is a complex table, without regard to its division into cost structures in crop or livestock subsectors. And, thirdly, it was clear and, perhaps, even necessary that the author considered it expedient to significantly detail the specifics of the crop sub-sector of farms in Zhytomyr region mainly by grouping them by size of agricultural land.

STUDY OF MEDICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE ZHYTOMYR REGION AT THE CURRENT STAGE (2016-2021)

Aim of research: to study the medical and demographic processes in the Zhytomyr region. Identify priority problems with the aim of forming a set of measures to achieve positive dynamics (reducing morbidity and mortality, increase the birth rate).Material and methods: A comprehensive study was conducted during 2016-2021 years. Achieving the goal of the study involved the investigation of trends in medical and demographic processes among the population of Zhytomyr region.Results and conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it was established that in Zhytomyr Region there is a complex medical and demographic situation with a progressive decrease in the population, i.e., there is a tendency to depopulation against the background of high mortality, low birth rate and negative natural population growth.

Порушення правил використання засобів регулювання дорожнього руху як можлива причина дорожньо-транспортної пригоди

This article provides statistical data on the number of road accidents and their consequences (deaths and/or injuries) in all regions of Ukraine in 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. Regions with a decrease in road traffic accident rates (Zakarpattya region, 9.6% decrease) and their percentage increase (Zhytomyr region, 56.1% increase) are highlighted. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is estimated that the number of road traffic accidents in the country during this period increased by 19.6%. But as a positive phenomenon, the number of injuries and/or fatalities in these road accidents decreased by 17.2%. The article analyses and gives concrete examples of the use of some legally adopted road traffic control devices in the regional center of Ukraine - Zhytomyr city (traffic lights, road signs and road markings). Shows incidents of their use which are characterized by violations of traffic rules (Sections 8.1., 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.7, Sections 33 "Traffic signs" and 34 "Traffic lanes"), DSTU 2587:2021 "Traffic lanes. General Technical Conditions", DSTU 4100:2021 "Road Safety. Road Signs". At the same time there are situations when road signs are in contradiction, which is categorically unacceptable. It also shows the cases where traffic signs are installed in a shape and design that is not included in traffic regulations and the relevant standard. It was concluded that the use of the above road traffic control devices in violation of the conditions of their installation (application) can lead to misinformation of road users, create additional informational and emotional pressure on them, contribute to increased fatigue, which consequently increases the probability of occurrence of road accidents and increases their importance.

Regional aspect of waste management in Zhytomyr region in the context of sustainable development

Regional aspect of waste management in Zhytomyr region in the context of sustainable development

Map scheme of the housing fund of the Zhytomyr region: qualitative and quantitative analysis

The housing fund, as a concept, is a complex of interrelated indicators characterizing its condition. First of all, it is the availability of housing, that is, the amount of living space per person of the population. This also includes the total living area, the number of houses and apartments, and the equipment of the housing stock by types of terrain. It is known that Ukraine has almost the lowest rate of housing security among European countries. It is about 29 m2/person. While other countries have much higher housing affordability, ranging from 31,2m2/person (Estonia) to 66,3m2/person (Luxembourg). The reasons for this state of affairs in our country are the inefficient use of land within categories, the inaccessibility of housing for many segments of the population, the lack of state programs for financing construction and lending housing, low wages, etc. The goal of our research was to study the housing stock of the Zhytomyr region with further analysis of its condition. Based on the results of the research, maps of the provision of housing for the urban and rural population in the sections of Zhytomyr regiont were constructed. The largest amount of living space per person was observed in Brusylivskiy, Ruzhynskiy, Popilnyanskiy and Narodytskiy districts (30–40 m2). Moreover, security in rural areas is somewhat higher than in urban areas. In our opinion, the reason for this is the lower population concentration in small settlements. Therefore, population size as a factor influencing the condition of the housing stock of Zhytomyr region is one of the main, but not the only factors. It was also established that over the past 15 years, the average housing supply in the region increased from 23,3 m2 to 28,3 m2 per person, while the number of apartments and houses actually remained at the same level (968,1 thousand in 2005 and 974,4 thousand in 2020), and the population has decreased significantly. Therefore, the reason for the increase in the housing supply indicator is not the improvement of the quantitative and qualitative condition of the housing stock of the Zhytomyr region, but rather the decrease in the number of residents. Along with the quantitative analysis, a qualitative analysis of the housing stock was also conducted. It has been established that housing equipment with plumbing, sewage, and hot water has increased by almost 50% over the past fifteen years, especially in rural areas. And in general, the qualitative characteristics of the housing stock in the Zhytomyr region are somewhat inferior to similar ones in Ukraine.

The analysis of water resources state in Zhytomyr region and their impact on the human body

The analysis of water resources state in Zhytomyr region and their impact on the human body

ДО БІОГРАФІЇ РОДИНИ ВОЛИНСЬКИХ ЧЕХІВ-КАМЕНОТЕСІВ ДЛОУГІ

The article presents biographical facts from the life of family members of the Volyn Czech stonemasons Dlougi. The first known mention of Vaclav Yosypovich Dlouga’s activity belongs to Oleksiy Abramov, the author of the book «Lenin’s Mausoleum», the first edition of which was published in 1963. It contains the stonecutter’s recollections of the search for black labradorite in the Golovinsky quarry in the Zhytomyr region for the Mausoleum. The results of the study of Zhytomyr cemeteries for the presence of graves of members of the Dlougi family, as well as for the presence of monuments made in the Dlougi workshop are described. Tombstones made in Dlouga’s workshop have been preserved in the historical cemeteries of Zhytomyr, in particular in Poland, Vilsk (Russia), Smolyan, and Pylypon. The metric records of members of the Dlougi family are analyzed, and the transformation of the Czech surname in the records of that period is traced. Data on the main achievements of masters on outstanding constructions are given, technological features of processing of a stone which were advanced at that time are described. Dloughy’s stone-cutting workshop made monuments from labradorite, gray and red granite, plinths, stairs and iron fences. At the same time, data on the birth, professional and social activities of members of this family are generalized. The results of research of cemeteries in Zhytomyr, where there are graves of family members, as well as monuments made in Dlougi’s workshops are presented. The facts of political repressions on the basis of ethnicity of family members are described. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Czech population of the Zhytomyr region fully experienced the punitive policies of the Soviet government, suffering significant losses during «linear» arrests on national grounds. Family ties of Czechs with the surname Dlougi, who lived on the territory of Volyn Gubernia at that time, have been established. The contribution of the Czech family to the technology of stone processing, the ability to be enterprising and socially active is emphasized.