Abstract
To obtain high yields of winter wheat, it is important to control the contamination of crops with weeds. It is known that yield losses can be 30% or more due to the presence of segetal vegetation in wheat crops. With intensive technology of growing winter wheat, the chemical method of protection against weeds is an extremely important element. The paper highlights data on the species composition and class of contamination of winter wheat agrocenosis. The effectiveness of herbicides and their tank mixtures in winter wheat crops to reduce the presence of the weed component, increase grain yield and quality in the conditions of Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region on sandy loam soils during 2019-2021 was studied. It is established that the structure of the weed component of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat in farm conditions is dominated by dicotyledonous weed species, namely: field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.), shovelweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.), toadpipe (Equisetum arvense L.), and blue bottle flower (Centaurea cyanus L.), the share of which is 64.8%. Graminaceous species of weeds are represented by silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.), couch-grass (Elytrigia repens L.), rye brome grass (Bromus secalinus L.). The technical efficiency of the studied herbicides with the separate and joint application was in the range of 60.8-94.6%. The highest indicator of technical efficiency of herbicides in winter wheat crops, which is 94.6%, was obtained in an experiment using a tank mixture of Granstar Pro 75 + Apiros 75 preparations, with norms of 0.025+0.013 kg/ha, as well as an increase in wheat grain yield by 2.0 t/ha compared to the contaminated control. Spraying winter wheat crops with herbicides during the growing season allows improving the quality indicators of the grain yield structure. In particular, the content of protein and fibrin increases by 1.1 times; the moisture content of grain decreases by 1.0-1.1 times, and the content of dirt impurity decreases by 2.8-6.7 times, compared to the control version
Highlights
Among all field crops grown in Ukraine, winter wheat is the most important and popular among both farmers and the private sector
When studying the species belonging of segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops in the conditions of farm “Obriy” of the Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region, it was established that dicotyledonous weed species are dominant, the share of which in the overall structure of contamination was 64.8% (Fig. 1)
The structure of the weed component of winter wheat agrocenosis in the conditions of farm “Obriy” in Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region is dominated by dicotyledonous weed species, the share of which is 64.8%
Summary
Among all field crops grown in Ukraine, winter wheat is the most important and popular among both farmers and the private sector. This is evidenced, first of all, by the areas under this grain crop, which in recent years occupy an average of 6.3 million hectares, which is approximately 23% of the total area of crops [1]. Ukraine occupies an important place in this regard, as it is one of the top ten wheat exporting countries in the world. Winter wheat is a crop that produces large yields on soils with a high agricultural background and slightly smaller ones with a low one, but at the same time remains highly profitable. Its average yield on soils with a high bonus is 5-7 t/ha, while on less fertile soils it is possible to get 3-4 t/ha [2]
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