ДО БІОГРАФІЇ РОДИНИ ВОЛИНСЬКИХ ЧЕХІВ-КАМЕНОТЕСІВ ДЛОУГІ

Abstract

The article presents biographical facts from the life of family members of the Volyn Czech stonemasons Dlougi. The first known mention of Vaclav Yosypovich Dlouga’s activity belongs to Oleksiy Abramov, the author of the book «Lenin’s Mausoleum», the first edition of which was published in 1963. It contains the stonecutter’s recollections of the search for black labradorite in the Golovinsky quarry in the Zhytomyr region for the Mausoleum. The results of the study of Zhytomyr cemeteries for the presence of graves of members of the Dlougi family, as well as for the presence of monuments made in the Dlougi workshop are described. Tombstones made in Dlouga’s workshop have been preserved in the historical cemeteries of Zhytomyr, in particular in Poland, Vilsk (Russia), Smolyan, and Pylypon. The metric records of members of the Dlougi family are analyzed, and the transformation of the Czech surname in the records of that period is traced. Data on the main achievements of masters on outstanding constructions are given, technological features of processing of a stone which were advanced at that time are described. Dloughy’s stone-cutting workshop made monuments from labradorite, gray and red granite, plinths, stairs and iron fences. At the same time, data on the birth, professional and social activities of members of this family are generalized. The results of research of cemeteries in Zhytomyr, where there are graves of family members, as well as monuments made in Dlougi’s workshops are presented. The facts of political repressions on the basis of ethnicity of family members are described. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Czech population of the Zhytomyr region fully experienced the punitive policies of the Soviet government, suffering significant losses during «linear» arrests on national grounds. Family ties of Czechs with the surname Dlougi, who lived on the territory of Volyn Gubernia at that time, have been established. The contribution of the Czech family to the technology of stone processing, the ability to be enterprising and socially active is emphasized.