Vocational Education In Indonesia Research Articles

Implementasi Axioo Class Program Berdasarkan Relevansi Incheon Declaration Dalam Memajukan Pendidikan SMK di Indonesia

Abstract 
 Various educational problems hinder the development and progress of the nation. A global forum, namely the World Education Forum (WEF) 2015 was held as an effort to formulate solutions and strategies for advancing education with a target in 2030. WEF 2015 also produced the Incheon Declaration as a education observer actors’ commitment and seriousness to advance education.
 Indonesia is a country that attended WEF 2015 when at the same time have been experiencing problems in its education sector, especially vocational education (SMK). Mabito Karya Indonesia Company is a private company actor that is serious in advancing vocational education in Indonesia through the implementation of the Axioo Class Program. All efforts in the Axioo Class Program are implicitly aligned with the articles of the Incheon Declaration.The implementation of the Axioo Class Program also involves various local and international actors. This research uses narrative analysis method in qualitative research method. This study concludes the importance of synergy in efforts to advance vocational education in Indonesia with the Incheon Declaration as global development ideas so that educational progress can be successfully realized.
 Keywords : Axioo Class Program, Incheon Declaration, Advancing Vocational Education (SMK), Mabito Karya Indonesia Company, WEF 2015

Digital Transformation Trends in Vocational Education in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 Pandemics has forced the changes of many aspects of life, including vocational education. Schools must adapt to the a new condition of learning activities towards online learning. However, online learning becomes more challenging for vocational schools that focus on practical lessons. The limited access to the internet and technological tools in many remote and rural areas also become main issues in delivering the learning activities. Therefore, teachers and schools need to offer various learning modes and digital platforms to ensure that the students can still get access to the lesson. The study aims to discover the trend in the use of digital transformation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also to find out the best means of delivering the students' education for the future. The study uses a quantitative approach using a simple survey questionnaire to collect the data. The study involved 110 teachers from various vocational schools in Bandung, while the questionnaire was collected using google forms. The data then presented in graphs then analyzed and compared to a literature review from related studies. The study shows that in synchronous learning, Google Meet is the most popular option for video-conferencing (82%). In comparison, video-assisted learning is the most popular (94,45%) in asynchronous learning among vocational teachers. In terms of using the Learning Management System, all teachers use Google Classroom to manage the classes. It is also interesting that most teachers prefer to use more than one digital platform to deliver their lessons. In conclusion, vocational teachers gravitate more towards free, easy-to-use, engaging platforms and require little effort and preparation to operate. They also need flexibility and variations to use digital platforms to adjust the lesson to their capabilities, and the student needs accordingly.

PEMBANGUNAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA SEKOLAH KEJURUAN DI INDONESIA: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

Vocational education is one of education that is unique in the orientation of creating work-ready people with the appropriate knowledge and skills. World changes in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, provide new direction in enhancing human resource in the form of new challenges. This research was conducted to see the challenges and opportunities that exist in the industrial era 4.0 related to the development of human resource in vocational education in Indonesia. The study in this research used the literature method. Literature study is used to see the literature related to the subject. From this topic, conclusion were drawn, so that it can be seen some of the challenges that exist in Industry 4.0. but behind that, there are also opportunities that vocational education has that can be maximally utilized in building quality human resource.

Competency of Digital Technology: The Maturity Levels of Teachers and Students in Vocational Education in Indonesia

One of the needs for competence in the world of work in the 21st century and the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. is competence in using digital technology. Vocational education is required to provide digital competencies to students through their learning. The maturity level of digital technology competence is divided into five levels, namely caring, literacy, capability, creativity, and being critical of using digital technology. This study aims to analyze the maturity level of vocational education teachers and students in mastering digital technology in learning. The survey research uses a design developed by Rea & Parker. A total of 233 vocational high school students were included as the research sample. Data were collected using a questionnaire technique with a four Likert scale questionnaire instrument. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics t test. The results show that the maturity level of digital technology for teachers and students is sequential, starting from awareness, literacy, capability, creativity, and being critical of using digital technology. All levels of maturity are included in the low category. Various trainings and learning innovations that are relevant to the relevance of digital technology mastery competencies are very important to be improved.

A Shift in Corporate Social Responsibility Program to Support Vocational Education in Indonesia

The high unemployment rate in Indonesia can be alleviated through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program in the education sector. This paper is aimed to examine how could that figure derived from vocational school graduates be reduced by the program in education that taking an opportunity from current several regulations issued by central government and competency-based human resources development to equip students and graduates with a set of competencies hence they will be competent and able to compete in the job market. This article was produced by using a systematic literature review method to explore and provide an overview of CSR program shifting in the education setting. The authors recommended the switch from a traditional or philanthropic model to a contemporary or strategic one by deploying internship, apprenticeship, and teaching factory to surmount the aforementioned issue. Finally, this paper offers managerial implication in general and suggestion for future academic research to explore and to assess their effectiveness in tackling poverty and impact on corporations, schools, and students or graduates.

The Impact of Internship Programs on Formal Vocational Education in Indonesia

Living a life requires many things to meet needs for the present, tomorrow, next week, next month, and even for the future. One fundamental factor that can support meeting life's needs and facilitate a smoother life is education. In brief, education provides new knowledge, shapes personal character for the better, and eases the path to a brighter future for all individuals pursuing formal and non-formal education, which benefits themselves, society, and the nation. After completing primary and junior high school education, one can continue to pursue secondary and higher education (bachelor's, postgraduate, professional, and vocational education). Internship becomes a mandatory aspect in vocational education as it serves as an introduction to the industry and the world of work. Vocational education emphasizes structured learning, skills, and more directed expertise. Therefore, this research aims to determine students' readiness to participate in internship programs, the benefits derived from internships, and the impact of internships on both students and vocational education. This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The results indicate that job readiness involves the development of students' work-related attitudes, values, knowledge, and skills, and internships are highly necessary to train students to become accustomed to real workplace conditions and environments.

The Challenges of Vocational Education in Indonesia

The Challenges of Vocational Education in Indonesia

Smartphone-based mobile assisted language learning application in higher vocational education in Indonesia

This study sought to examine the educational affordance and constraints of smartphone-based assistive technology in language learning from the students’ point of view along with their recommendations on the possible future advancement of smartphone-based assistive technology to help students engage better. This study employed content analysis in analyzing the data obtained from open-ended questions administered to students. The findings of this study denote the use of smartphones in widening vocabulary range, providing practices for English exercise, having attractive and interactive features, and fostering autonomy, self-regulation, and independence learning due to its practicality, portability, accessibility, and flexibility. This study highlights technical problems and confusion as the obstacles emerging from the use of smartphones in language learning. Meanwhile, the recommendations for future smartphone-based application updates are discussed in detail. All in all, smartphone-based assistive language learning application is fruitful for students and is recommended to be used for vocational higher education students as the part of informal learning during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. HIGHLIGHTS: Language learning has stepped forward to more personal learning tools by integrating smartphones as an aid for mobile learning. smartphones are fruitful in widening vocabulary range, providing practices for English exercise, having attractive and interactive features, and fostering autonomy, self-regulation, and independence learning due to its practicality, portability, accessibility, and flexibility. From language learning mobile application, students demanded simpler reading exercises and vocabularies and slower listening practice in the applications.

Analisis Kebutuhan Penilaian Psikomotor Berdasarkan Video Tutorial Berlandaskan Manualbook pada Pendidikan Vokasi Guna Meningkatkan Pencapaian Learning Target

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat kebutuhan serta potensi Jurusan Teknik Otomotif terhadap model assessment video tutorial sebagai evaluasi pembelajaran dan pencapaian learning target mahasiswa pada praktek matakuliah LEO. Pendidikan vokasi di Indonesia salah satu contoh atau bukti nyata pemerintah Indonesia serius membangun generasi cerdas demi mewujudkan cita-cita bangsa. Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa artinya terus melakukan pengembangan-pengembangan mutu pendidikan agar Indonesia tidak tertinggal oleh bangsa lain terutama dibidang pendidikan. Pendidikan vokasi di Indonesia memerlukan tenaga pendidik yang profesional yang mampu mengarahkan peserta didik ke tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan. Seorang tenaga pendidik yang profesional tentu memahami bahwa proses pembelajaran terdari dari tiga tahapan utama yaitu, persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Evaluasi kompetensi mahasiswa terdiri dari 3 komponen yang harus di evaluasi evaluasi, evaluasi kompetensi kognitif, evaluasi kompetensi afektif, dan evaluasi kompetensi psikomotorik. Penelitian yang akan dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian descriptive, dimana penelitian ini akan mendeskripsikan kebutuhan akan video tutorial sebagai salah satu model untuk mengukur kemampuan psikomotor mahasiswa dalam matakuliah LEO. Dari penelitian deskriptif yang telah dilakukan mengenai analisis kebutuhan Penilaian Psikomotor Berdasarkan Video Tutorial Berlandaskan Manualbook pada Pendidikan Vokasi Guna Meningkatkan Pencapaian Learning Targets dapat dilihat bahwa mahasiswa mata kuliah LEO dalam membuat video tutorial sebagai bahan penilaian kompetensi psikomotor menuai respon yang bagus dari mahasiswa dan dosen. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa mehasiswa teknik otomotif fakultas teknik universitas negeri padang sangat terbantu dalam proses menilai kemampuan diri sendiri, dan dosen juga bisa menilai kompetensi mahasiswa secara menyeluruh dari tiap-tiap topik yang telah dipelajari atau secara komprehensif.

Vocational education in Indonesia: History, development, opportunities, and challenges

This study aims at comprehensively describing the ups and downs of vocational education in Indonesia, which includes its history, development, opportunities, and challenges. Researches in this field are rarely conducted, but necessary to be revealed in the midst of the incessant criticism. This study uses a qualitative approach with a cross-sectional design. However, due to the complexity of the variables and the difficulty in accessing sources in their original form (primary sources), this study utilizes policy documents and relevant research work. Data analysis has been added, including: inductive, deductive, and meta-analysis. Data were obtained from principals, students and teachers of vocational high schools (SMK). Furthermore, purposive sampling was selected to obtain data, giving a sample population consisting of 44 principals, 152 teachers, and 202 students. Purposive sampling was chosen due to its in-depth understanding on vocational education. However, not all principals and teachers in Indonesia are vocational based. Data were obtained from experts in the field of vocational education through interview, observation, documentation, and questionnaire guidelines compiled and validation. The results showed that vocational education in Indonesia has been in existence before the country gained independence, and after reform. However, before independence, the Netherlands organized Vocational Education, known as the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), which is still developing. Vocational education before independence was divided into 4 areas of expertise, namely feminine, engineering, agriculture and trade schools.After reform in 1998, the different schools were merged into one, namely vocational school (SMK) having 142 spectrums of skills. Furthermore, the development of vocational education was changed in 2008. The Indonesian government changed the ratio of senior high schools: vocational schools from 70%: 30% to 30%: 70%. The establishment of a new school was not balanced with a feasibility study, and this resulted in graduates finding it difficult to get a job. They learned approaches which tended to be theoretical and less relevant in the labour market. In addition, 74% of students were bored during learning due to the numerous social lessons. Some of the challenges faced were the inadequate facilities, teachers and industry support. However, the clear regulation on the industry's role is one of the important solutions. Strong industry support can be applied and vocational graduates have the competence in accordance with the needs of the labour market.

Engineering education system between Indonesian Vocational School and Japanese KOSEN

International partnership has become an emerging issue in which due to globalization goals, the needs of having collaboration between countries are inevitable. Cross-continents collaborations are encouraged; however, having partners with similar cultural background is seen more beneficial. This article aims to review challenges on programme development of Vocational Education between Indonesian and Japan. Vocational Education in Indonesia has been well established for decades where students are trained in 3-year education of Vocational High School then continue to 3-year education of Vocational School at the University. Curriculum is set to be more giving practical training which can enhance skills of students in problem solving. Moreover, KOSEN is one of distinctive education systems in Japan which is an abbreviation of Japanese form “koku-ritsu-kou-gyou-KOU-tou-SEN-mon-gak-kou” which is translated as National Institute of Technology. It offers 5-year education after Junior High School which provides training and skills development for students. Programme development of KOSEN and Indonesian Vocational Education are seen to be feasible for being implemented further which can deliver more skilful graduates. Combination of skills and cultural side of graduates are expected to be positively influencing their working ethics. Comprehensive capability of graduates is linear to their competency which also increases their employability.

The effectiveness of learning in vocational education in mechatronics through making a simple simulation program

As one of vocational education in Indonesia, Politeknik Mekatronika Sanata Dharma must be able to produce graduates who are competent and skilled in the field of mechatronics. In order to achieve this, practical and workshop learning must be given a large portion. However, some practical tools available are limited, due to constraints in the cost of procuring equipment that is quite expensive. This paper presents an active learning through the practice of developing a simple industrial control simulation program, using Proteus and LabVIEW software. One example of the control simulation presented here is the control on the conveyor as a supplier of items. From the observation and learning evaluation, it was found that by making a simple simulation program, students more easily develop skills in mathematics, logical thinking and problem solving. The effectiveness of learning can be measured from the value of student satisfaction and involvement, which in the example here is quite high. Students were enthusiastic and involved, starting from the design of the conveyor simulation image, making the simulation circuit in Proteus, programming the microcontroller, and making the simulation program at LabVIEW, even to realizing it to the actual conveyor.

Evaluation of Vocational High School Dual System Education (DSE) in Improving the Competitiveness of Manpower in the Manufacturing Industry Sector in East Java Province

The increase in Indonesia’s competitiveness ranking in 2018 is one indicator of improving the quality of industry and vocational education in Indonesia. However, the quality of the Indonesian workforce is still not good enough, even declining. The Dual System Education Program at the Vocational High School level is an important factor in solving unemployment problems and improving the quality and competitiveness of human resources in Indonesia. This study uses the correlation of the DSE cost index with the competitiveness index of the manufacturing industry in the provinces of Indonesia. The significant positive correlation between the two variables indicates that an increase in the budget for training and certification costs in Dual System Education in Vocational High Schools will increase business competitiveness in the manufacturing industry sector. In addition, this study also looks at the correlation between the DSE cost index and the open unemployment rate for vocational high school graduates in East Java Province. Both variables show a negative correlation, but not significant. This means that the dual system education budget does not significantly affect the open unemployment rate for vocational high school graduates between districts/cities in East Java Province. Improvements in budget allocations, training, apprenticeship systems, certification, curriculum, and collaboration with the business world in the Dual System Education system (DSE) of Vocational High Schools in East Java Province are expected to be able to make vocational education graduates have competencies that are in line with market demand and are ready to work. work so as to increase the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.

ICT to Vocational Education National Curriculum Implementation in Indonesia: Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities

Implementations stage is becoming a crucial to develop a vocational education curriculum and consider of this stage a new curriculum is doing by public testing, socialized for a society and related parties, implemented teacher’s training, and delivery a book guide. This research is literature review research. The aims of this research are describing (1) implementation needed of vocational education in Indonesia; (2) Challenges of vocational education curriculum implementation in Indonesia; and (3) Opportunities that gained by using ICT of vocational education implementation in Indonesia. The needs of vocational education curriculum implementation such as (1) there is a good communication of public testing and socialization (2) national trainer and master teacher must be competent and capable to guide (4) distributed the book to all of school, (5) teacher’s training is efficient. Vocational education curriculum implementation challenges are (1) public testing is too short, (2) there is a society who do not get a new curriculum implementation (3) national trainer and master teacher have the differences in doing the interpretation the material in training teacher, (4) not all books is ready and need a long time to distribution a book for all of Indonesia (5) not all teachers can join the training. Taken the opportunity of ICT in Vocational Education National Curriculum implementation, such as (1) the result of public testing and socialization is stored in the form manuscripts, video, audio that can be downloaded by anyone (2) book distributed should not be in print but e-book or e-module are allowed (3) In preparing national training and master teacher and teacher’s training is using microteaching, workshop, module, e-learning, and teleconference.

Defining Vocational Teacher Competencies in Industry 4.0 from the Perspective of Policymakers

This study aims to analyze the competence of vocational school teachers needed in Industry 4.0 based on the opinions of policymakers using a quantitative method (13 education policymakers). Identifying the priority competencies of vocational school teachers is an important issue because low teacher competence is a problem for vocational education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicated the priority of pedagogical competence, social competence, personality competence, and professional competence of vocational teachers. Vocational teacher pedagogic competencies that are very much needed are the ability to actualize potential as part of student development, the ability to understand students in-depth, and the ability to understand the character of students in physical, social, cultural, emotional, and intellectual aspects. In addition, vocational school teachers are expected to have the ability to design and evaluate learning. The needed social competencies for vocational school teachers are the ability to communicate efficiently, emphatically, and respectfully both oral and written communication skills, and the ability to communicate and improve themselves using ICT.

Adaptive Hypermedia System Development Based on Moodle to Overcome the Diversity of Learning Style on Vocational Education in Indonesia

The inputof vocational education college does not come from one source, but several sources, from high school or other kind of high schools and from vocational high schools or other kind vocational high school, so students have diverse learning styles.This research is type of R&D (Reseach and Development), the research procedure consists of: 1) make the needs analysis of products that will be developed based on the potential and problems of moodle-based adaptive hypermedia; 2) reviewing the study of literature and information by observation; 3) designing basic products; 4) expert validation; 5) revision of product design; 6) designing media; 7) perform a functional trial; 8) first product revision; 9) user trials; 10) second product revision; 11) product implementation. The results of this research are adaptive hypermedia with link http://www.evodu.net/, adaptive hypermedia is designed specifically for college students in vocational education with diverse learning styles.

Relevance and Challenges for Vocational Education Toward Demographic Dividend in Indonesia

The writing of this paper is motivated by the transformation of vocational-based education in the face of demographic dividend and possible problems. This phenomenon is very important to be studied more deeply as an effort to see the success and challenges of vocational education in Indonesia. This article argues that there is a productive relationship between increasing vocational education through vocational secondary schools and diplomas with demographic dividend transitions. This can be seen in the data which show that there is a decline in the unemployment rate in Indonesia, especially for vocational high school graduates; as an impact of improving the quality and quantity of vocational education. The writing of this article uses qualitative methods with the support of secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency and literature studies of various sources related to the issue of study. In the results of the discussion, it was found a new discussion about the role of the government in anticipating the increasingly rapid context of the technological era so that there was no higher educated unemployment. The distribution of inter-regional policies and strengthening in technology qualifications are also potential sources that must be developed again so that the demographic transition can result in improvements in the country's economy.

The Effects of Situational Factors in the Implementation of Work-Based Learning Model on Vocational Education in Indonesia

The Effects of Situational Factors in the Implementation of Work-Based Learning Model on Vocational Education in Indonesia

Evaluating competence-based vocational education in Indonesia

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the realisation of competence-based education (CBE) in vocational education in Indonesia. It examines the extent to which CBE design principles of the Comprehensive Competence-Based Education Framework developed in a Western context exist in Indonesian policy documents and school practices. This study reviews educational policy documents and collects cross-sectional survey data from 41 school principals, 453 teachers, and 2219 students from 41 agricultural vocational schools in five provinces of Java, Indonesia. Results showed that the ten CCBE principles listed in the framework exist to large extent in Indonesian policy documents. School principals, teachers, and students noticed the realisation of CCBE principles in the study programme to differing degrees, except for the principle of flexibility that was largely absent. The level of CBE implementation varied, from the level of starting competence-based to that of largely competence-based education. The findings contribute to the discussion of CCBE design principles and lesson learned of CBE implementation in a non-western perspective.

Vocational Education in Indonesia Facing ASEAN Economic Community

Nowadays, vocational education and the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) are an interesting topic to discuss for contributing to the ASEAN future. This article explores the vocational education in Indonesia facing ASEAN Economic Community. Vocational education is clearly significant not only to help the government but also to determine the future direction of the people and the nation. This article describes the condition of vocational education in facing ASEAN Economic Community. Also, this article explores the strategic roles in the development of vocational education in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) era for the benefit of the nation which is expected by all, especially for society, nation, and the world through reviewing references and literature books, news, journals and opinions in mass media and various related publications and sources. The article discusses the contributions from all stakeholders of education from civil society organizations in Indonesia that are very significant for facing AEC. Implications for educational policies on vocational education are also presented.