Kiev University Research Articles

Henryk Julian Levittoux – orthopaedist, soldier, pioneer of sports traumatology

Major Henryk Levittoux was born on March 31, 1899, in Rokitna. He began his studies at the University of Kiev and completed them at the University of Warsaw, earning a medical doctor degree. He participated in the Polish-Bolshevik War in 1920. He practiced medicine at the 1st District Hospital in Warsaw under the guidance of Prof. Adolf Wojciechowski. There, in 1933, he was promoted from the position of attending physician to senior attending physician. Under his care was the famous polish athlete Janusz Kusociński. After the outbreak of World War II, during the September campaign, he was in a hospital in Brest. After the Soviet aggression against Poland, he was arrested, and in 1940, he was executed by NKVD in Kharkiv.

Г.М. Буров - первооткрыватель и основоположник исследований мезолита Европейского Северо-Востока

Grigory M. Burov (22.09.1933 - 24.02.2013), a graduate of the Kiev University, arrived in Syktyvkar in 1957. He worked in the Komi Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR until 1968. Subsequently, he worked in Ulyanovsk and Simferopol.
 However, the period of his work in the Komi Region turned out to be the most productive .G.M. Burov is a discoverer of numerous sites of the Mesolithic, Early Metal and Early Iron Age of the previously unexplored Vychegda territory. G.M. Burov analyzed and published materials from Komi all the subsequent years of his life. 
 The Vis 1 (Mesolithic) and Vis 2 (mid I millennium A.D.) peatbogs discovered by G.M. Burov in the vicinities of the Sindor village have gained worldwide fame. The exemplary paleogeographic studies were carried out in the Sindor microregion. The leading geobotanist and peat specialist S.N. Tyuremnov and other scientists compiled pollen diagrams, described profiles of peatlands, restored the historical courses of the Vis and Simva Rivers. They also obtained a series of direct radiocarbon datings of wooden artifacts.
 A unique collection of items made of wood, bark, and grass was obtained at the Vis 1 peatbog. It included fishing tools - fragments of nets and a fishing spear; hunting tools - bows, arrows, a spear; means of transportation - skis, sledge runners, a paddle; household items including a box of birch bark, mats of wood shakes. Many items are decorated with carved geometric ornaments. The sculptural head of an elk on one of the skis is particularly noteworthy. 
 G.M. Burov was the first of the researchers who justified the cultural differentiation of the Mesolithic sites of the European North-East. He identified two cultural types: the Kama-Pechora type dating back to the VIII-VII millennium B.C., and the Vis type (the second half of the VII-VI millennium B.C.). The Middle Vychegda Mesolithic culture identified by him belongs to the Kama-Pechora type.

Universities of the Russian empire in the life and works of M. Kostomarov

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of Universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov, and on the other hand to show how his multilateral activities influenced the development of the higher education system in the country. This analysis is accompanied by our comments on discrepancies in biographical facts in sources and literature. The research methodology consists of general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, special historical methods, in particular problem-chronological, problem-historiographic, historical-comparative, historical-genetic , historical-typological, as well as biographical approach. Scientific novelty. The role of Universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov is clarified; the influence of his pedagogical work on the higher education in the country is shown; several discrepancies in the sources are commented on. The results. The article examines the role of universities of the Russian Empire in the life and work of the famous historian and ethnographer M. Kostomarov. In particular, the role of Kharkiv University in the formation of M. Kostomarov as a young scientist is shown in detail. Kharkiv University played the greatest role in the development of M. Kostomarov as the scientist. M. Kostomarov’s studies at this university, and especially the defense of both master’s theses of the young scientist, were accompanied by artificial obstacles. Not only ill-wishers, but also M. Kostomarov himself is to blame for creating problems (with obtaining a candidate’s diploma, with defending both master’s theses. A certain role in the intellectual biography of M. Kostomarov was played by Moscow University. M. Kostomarov’s listening to lectures by Moscow university professors in 1838 was temporary and situational. In our opinion, this was a search for support among the local professorship in a scientific career, in the preparation and defense of a master’s thesis. Short periods of lecturing at Kiev (1846-1847) and St. Petersburg (1859-1862) universities were held in more favorable conditions. But the termination of teaching at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir logically ended with the arrest in the case of the Secret Society of Cyril and Methodius. Kostomarov’s lecturing activity at St. Petersburg University ended with a student boycott. In our opinion, both sides were guilty of the conflict. The unreliable historian’s attempts to find a job after exile at Kazan, Kharkiv and Kiev universities were unsuccessful due primarily to subjective factors. These difficulties enriched his life experience, allowed him to get to know the academic environment better, showed him that scientific activity is inseparable from struggle in a professional environment. Kostomarov devoted his life to education and science. 5 universities of the Russian Empire played a role in the life of an outstanding historian, in three of them he managed to work. For a teacher and scientist, university life is the main, most valuable part of his intellectual biography. At the same time, М. Kostomarov’s teaching activity has become an important fragment in the history of the above-mentioned universities.

TRAINING OF ARCHITECTS IN NEW ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS (EXPERIENCE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE KNUCA)

This article is rather informative about the ways of training those specialists who tomorrow will shape the environment of our life in cities, in nature. In fact, the article is to some extent a continuation of the series started in 2020 on the peculiarities of the training of architects in the field of landscape and tourist-recreational architecture at the Kiev University of Construction and Architecture.
 The complexity of the learning process in 2021-2022 for objective reasons has not decreased, but on the contrary forced to look for new specifics in the training itself and the formation of the worldview of future architects to justify the importance of objects they wished to do.
 The article presents examples of master's theses, which largely characterize the desires and visions of the graduates themselves. As can be seen from the subject of the work, the red line is a painful issue of ecology and social problems.
 The topics of the work are related to changes in the administrative-territorial structure, finding strategic ways to save the economy of small towns by attracting natural resources, solving complex recreational problems of large cities and local settlement systems.

Профессор кафедры государственного врачебноведения университета Св. Владимира в Киеве Ф.Ф. Эргардт (1828—1895/1896)

The work highlights a number of gaps in the biography of F.F. Ergardt. At the same time the emphasis is on researching his academic career. Four stages of the academic service of F.F. Ergardt at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir are highlighted. 1) In 1853-1857 he worked at the Department of Anatomy. 2) 1857-1871. During these years he headed the Department of State Medical Science. In 1871 the Departments of Hygiene, Medical Police, Medical Geography and Statistics emerged from this Department. 3) In 1871-1888 he was a professor in the same Department, but no longer taught the Medical Police with Hygiene, but only Forensic Medicine. 4) From 1888 until the end of his life he was a supernumerary professor of the same Department and continued to read Forensic Medicine.

Free Education at the University of St. Volodymyr in the 19th Century

The article highlights the features of professional training of students of the University of St. Volodymyr, who received the right to study at public expense in the 19th century. Under the conditions of elite education, accessible to a limited number of young people due to its high cost and social and religious discrimination, the institution of state-funded students allowed talented young people to obtain higher education and pursue a scientific or bureaucratic field. In modern Ukraine, where the issue of reducing the number of government orders, limiting the number of scholars, the historical experience of the University of Kiev is more relevant than ever. The article uses general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity and uses analytical, descriptive, comparative-historical methods. Their use allowed to examine the conditions of study, the level of professional training of students, as well as to involve new historical sources in scientific circulation. The research is conducted on the basis of a wide source base with the involvement of archival materials. For the first time, an attempt is made to analyse the scientific works of students who were dependent on the state or received a scholarship for writing a scientific paper. It is proved that the scientific level of student works written in the second half of the 19th century is much higher than in the works created in the first decades of the University of St. Voladymyr. It should be emphasized that the level of professional training of state-funded students is much higher than that of their own. The threat of being deprived of state financial aid forced students to attend lectures honestly, prepare for exams and constantly work on scientific research. Despite the success of student youth in the scientific field, the percentage of scholarship holders at the University of Kyiv was much lower than at other Ukrainian universities. Studying the conditions of study, the content of scientific works of students who were on state support in other universities of the Russian Empire will determine the level of professional training in each educational institution.

Lybid Publishing House: pages of history and the present

The history of the founding of the publishing house "Lybid" dates back to 1835, when a year after the opening of the Kiev University of St. Vladimir began printing.
 The history of the foundation is described in detail in the book "Her Majesty - a book. The history of publishing at the University of Kiev 1834-1999" by M. Tymoshyk - a famous journalist, doctor of philology, who once worked as editor in chief of the publishing house "Lybid".

Розвиток хроматографії на кафедрі аналітичної хімії Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка

An information about teaching and scientific activities in the field of chromatographic methods of analysis at the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev for the period from the 70s of the twentieth century till present days given. The perspective directions of the development of academic disciplines and scientific research of the department in this area are outlined.

Professor I.P. Skvortsov the author of the first domestic manual of military hygiene for officers and army doctors

In 2021, it was 100 years since the death of a prominent domestic hygienist, Professor Irinarch Polikhronievich Skvortsov (18471921), son of a clergyman, after getting medical education at the Kazan Imperial University and the title of a physician in 1871 he worked for a short time in the position of zemstvo doctor in the Samara Governorate. In 1872 he was admitted to the Kazan Imperial University Department of Hygiene and till the end of his life devoted his scientific and pedagogical activity to hygiene. Irinarkh Polikhrontovich improved his knowledges in hygiene in the years 18731874 under the guidance of Professor A.P. Dobroslavin at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy Department of General, Land and Naval Forces Hygiene where defended his Doctor of Medicine degree thesis in 1874. In 1877, I.P. Skvortsov, associate professor of hygiene at the Imperial Kazan University, published the first in Russia "A short course of military field hygiene for officers and military doctors". Of particular interest is one of the annexes of this course, entitled "Instructions for protecting the health of military ranks of the army" ("Highly approved" on December 2, 1876), which is certainly an important element in the history of hygiene of military personnel. Later Professor I.P. Skvortsov headed the Department of Hygiene of the Warsaw and Kharkov Universities, and finished his career at the Kiev University. The creative heritage of this prominent Russian hygienist professor I.P. Skvortsov is comprehensive and multifaceted but is not fully known by modern specialists.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE NADRA GROUP TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION

The contribution of the NADRA Group to the development of geological education in Ukraine is featured. The main areas of its activity are highlighted, including the support of the Geological Faculty (ERI «Institute of Geology») at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (KNU), advanced training of industry employees, geological education of schoolchildren, publication of specialized books and the professional magazine «Geologist of Ukraine» in particular. At the Geological Faculty of KNU four classrooms were renovated and equipped with computers, the auditorium named after Prof. Olgierd L. Einor was established, the premises of the Geological Museum were reorganized and renovated, etc. The valuable charitable assistance was provided during student geological field courses, namely the fuel, student accommodation, meals, field equipment, and the like. Many youth quizzes, olympiads, excursions, quests, festivals, conferences were carried out at the expense of NADRA Group. With its assistance, the clubs of paleontology, geology and geological local history were organized for students. NADRA Group has initiated the writing and publishing the book «Essays on the history of geological research at Kiev University» (1999). Since its first issue in 2003, the «Geologist of Ukraine» magazine has been published thanks to the information and financial support of NADRA Group. In 2008 it was published materials for the centenary of Prof. Einor. The «Treatises of the Tutkovsky Institute» were published during 2009 – 2011 at the expense of the company. The book by Rostislav Furduy «Brother of the Sun and Wind» (2011) was addressed to young geologists in Ukraine and published on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the company. In the same period, the work on the project «Depths of the Earth, the spiritual depths» was started, the essence of which was to encourage schoolchildren to study geology and related disciplines. The important components of geological education as advanced training, courses on the modern technologies, lectures by leading domestic and foreign experts, conferences, seminars, and trainings are very relevant. In general, the activities of NADRA Group are aimed at introducing leading decisions into the practice, developing educational institutions, and disseminating knowledge among the geological community. Over its thirty-year history, the NADRA GROUP has made a great contribution to the development of the geological industry in Ukraine and abroad.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СЛУХАЧІВ ПІДГОТОВЧИХ ВІДДІЛЕНЬ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ЗАГАЛЬНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН

In modern conditions of competition in the market of educational services and their export, the system of strategic education management requires the design of a management model for all departments of the educational institution. Preparatory departments for foreign students are an important structural component of the educational process at leading universities in Ukraine. The public’s request for an increase in the number of foreigners studying in Ukraine, competitive positions in their training, in particular at preparatory departments, actualizes the issue of finding a systemic, activity-based, effective approach to improve the quality of their training. Taking into account modern methodological approaches to the management system (target, system and process), the problem of finding effective ways to optimize the educational process based on the use of elements of management theory is outlined. A structuralmeaningful model of managing the cognitive activity of foreign students in the subject-meaningful and linguistic aspects of the study of general education disciplines has been developed. The stages of the management cycle are considered, taking into account the peculiarities of the training system for foreign citizens at the preparatory departments. On the example of the organization of the training system at the preparatory department of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, the peculiarities of the management of the cognitive activity of students are revealed, taking into account the theoretical and methodological approaches to the general problem of the management of the educational process. To implement this approach, it is necessary to complete the main stages of the management cycle: determination of the management object; formulation of goals and objectives; fixing the initial level of the control object; the formulation of a program of action; definition of feedback channels by which the results of management will be determined; analysis of the received information according to certain parameters; correction of the initial concept and subsequent actions. The preparation of foreign students for studying at universities should take place through interdisciplinary integration of basic disciplines with professionally oriented language learning and using the latest information technologies for the individualization of training. An important aspect of the management of cognitive activity is the creation of a qualitatively new organizational and educational-methodological foundation of education based on the correction of curricula, work programs, manuals, the development of mono-technologies for a different contingent of foreign citizens.

Magnetic field measurements in a limb solar flare by hydrogen, helium and ionized calcium lines

We present simultaneous magnetic field measurements for the limb solar flare of 1981 July 17 using of the Ca II K, H δ , He I 4471.5 Å and Hβ lines. For two moments during the flare, which differ in time by 16 min, we analyzed Stokes I ± V profiles of these lines from observations made on the Echelle spectrograph of the horizontal solar telescope of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev. At the time step that was close to the peak phase of the flare, all the spectral lines under study showed very wide emissions, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 3.5–4 Å. An interesting feature was observed in the blue wings of these lines, namely, narrow emission peaks with a FWHM of only 0.25–0.35 Å. For heights of 10–18 Mm above the level of the photosphere, we found that (a) very strong kG magnetic fields (up to about 3 kG) existed at both moments of the flare, (b) the locations with strongest fields, in general, do not coincide for different spectral lines, (c) the polarities of the magnetic field for different spectral lines are in most cases identical, but sometimes they do not coincide. The data obtained indicate a significant inhomogeneity of the magnetic field in the flaring corona and the probable presence of the conditions necessary for magnetic reconnection of field lines.

“I’m Doing Well in the Center of Siberian World under Strict Police Supervision…”: F.I. Knauer’s Letters from his Tomsk Exile in 1915–1917 Part 2 (letters 8–21)

The article introduces the letters of the Professor of the Kiev University, Sanskrit scholar Fyodor Ivanovich (Friedrich) Knauer (18491917) sent by him to his colleague, philologist Vladimir Nikolaevich Peretz. They are now housed at the Personal Fund of V.N.Peretz in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI. Fond 1277. Inv.1. F.35). This set of letters is undoubtedly of great importance because, among other things, we have no other surviving epistolary heritage of the scholar. Revealing the authors personality, the letters (there are only 21 of them) acquaint us to some extent with his inner world. Until recently, F.I.Knauers biography, especially the years of his exile, was full of blank spots which we can finally fill. The entire sequence of events relating to Knauers arrest, up to his arrival in Tomsk and life in Siberia, is presented by him as an uninterrupted narrative. The letters give us an idea of relations between the scholar, when he was out of favor, and his colleagues, friends, common people, local and higher authorities. They provide reliable documentary evidence of the terrible misfortune of a sincere person, who fell victim to a complicated political period.

The use of active methods of teaching sociological disciplines in distance learning

The article considers the problems of teaching and application of methods of activating the educational audience in the global pandemic COVID-19 and the transition to the format of distance and blended learning. Using examples from the experience of teaching compulsory disciplines for training specialists in sociology at the Faculty of Sociology at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, the authors considered the possibilities of using game and projective techniques, role-based discussions, visualizing students' answers and explanations in the context of distance learning and technically mediated communication with students. The possibilities of using various online platforms and services (KNU Education Online, Google Meet, Google Classroom, Zoom, kahoot.it, triventy.com, quizizz.com, jeopardylabs.com, baamboozle.com, mentimeter.com, ArcGIS Online, Google Maps , Bing Maps) to energize student work and generate feedback from the audience. The use of distance learning methods allows us to rethink and suggest new ways to solve traditional problems of teaching in higher education, such as: the connection of theory and practice, visualization of theoretical material, activating the audience during classes. Involvement of game techniques partially overcomes the difficulties of distance learning and communication with students, which is an objective consequence of the impossibility of dialogue in the usual face-to-face format. At the same time, there are other important problems and issues of organizing the educational process, associated not only with the availability of the necessary material and technical support, but also with the willingness and ability of direct participants in the educational system to work with the necessary software — digital literacy of teachers. All this creates new challenges for the teachers, the search for alternative options for introducing the latest or updated techniques and constant reflection on the advantages and disadvantages of their use.

PROFESSOR ROMAN ROMANOVYCH VYRZHYKIVSKY. To the 130th anniversary of the birthday

Among geologists of the 20—30 years of the twentieth century. the leading place in Ukraine was occupied by the repressed in 1937, professor Roman Romanovych Vyrzhykivsky (1891—1937). At the Kiev University of St. Vladimir, he was a very capable student of N.I. Andrusov and the famous petrographer and mineralogist, professor, later academician V.I. Luchitsky. In the history of geological science, R.R. Vyrzhykivsky entered as a researcher of the Black Sea region, and the south-west of the European part of the USSR (Ukraine, Moldova), as well as a talented organizer of geological work, a brilliant surveyor geologist, tectonist and an outstanding hydrogeologist. The scientist was the head of geological survey work in Transnistria and prepared for printing the first geological map of 10 versts scale — «Transnistria» (Dniester region). Later, this map became the basis for prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits in Transnistria. In the studied region, he first discovered numerous deposits of phosphorites, cement raw materials, kaolin, flint, building sands, sandstones, tripoli, lithographic stone and underground drinking water. At the same time, the young scientist described for the first time a unique ridge of reef limestones of Middle Sarmatian age, which he traced in the meridional direction from the lower reaches of the river Kamenka along its left bank to the north, in Podillia. In the Shargorod region of Transnistria (Dniester region), the scientist found Paleogene marine deposits, and he identified the Podolsk stage in the Miocene layers of Podolia. In a number of scientific works of Roman Romanovich, data are presented in the field of fault-block tectonics and neotectonic movements of Transnistria and the Black Sea region. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky also considered the issue of modern transgressions of the Black Sea in the most complete way. This work of the scientist was one of the first evidence of the manifestation of the latest tectonic movements in the region of the Northern Black Sea region and the Black Sea. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky rightfully belongs to the galaxy of the greatest scientists—hydrogeologists of Ukraine and Moldova. In particular, he laid the foundations for the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Moldova for the first time. Within Moldova, he identified the Middle Sarmatian, Cretaceous and Silurian water-saturated horizons. Merits of R.R. Vyrzhykivsky in the field of hydrogeological problems of Ukraine can hardly be overestimated. He made a huge practical contribution to the water supply of large industrial cities and agglomerations of the country. In 1932 R.R. Vyrzhykivsky published the monograph «Hydrogeology» in Ukrainian, which played a huge role in the training of national hydrogeologists. In it, he for the first time presented the results of the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Ukraine. It is important that the hydrogeological zoning scheme, with minor changes, is still being used by the hydrogeologists of our country.

Profesor Ignacy Daniłowicz i jego spuścizna paleograficzna. Uwagi na marginesie transliteracji „Latopisca Litwy i Kroniki Ruskiej”

Pochodzący z Podlasia XIX-wieczny uczony, profesor Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, a następnie kolejno Charkowskiego, Kijowskiego oraz Moskiewskiego, Ignacy Daniłowicz pozostawił po sobie bogatą i wartościową spuściznę naukową. Prawnik i historyk z wykształcenia, przejawiał też niemałe zdolności językoznawcy i paleografa zafascynowanego językiem ruskich dokumentów do dziejów Litwy. Pracę z nimi niewątpliwie ułatwiała mu znajomość podlaskiej mowy. Główna uwaga w tekście skupiona została na sposobach transponowania na alfabet łaciński Latopisu supraskiego, który powstał na początku XVI wieku jako tekst cyrylicki. Analiza zastosowanych przez Daniłowicza rozwiązań w zakresie transliterowania samogłosek i spółgłosek pokazała dobre opanowanie warsztatu paleografa mimo braku przygotowania językoznawczego.

Un Sustainable Development Goals until 2030: Implementation in the Educational Process of Training of Information Affairs Specialists in Ukraine

The purpose of the study is to highlight the experience of implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 in the process of training and retraining of information professionals. The article analyzes the theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of education for sustainable development, the experience of systematic implementation of education in the field of sustainable development in Ukrainian universities, project activities in the field of education for sustainable development in formal and non-formal education. Emphasis is placed on the main projects implemented by the Ukrainian Library Association to increase the capacity of libraries to contribute to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.The research methodology is to use socio-communicative and systematic approaches, methods of source and content analysis.The scientific novelty of the study is to attract observations and materials obtained during the teaching of the author of the discipline “Strategic Management of Information Activity” at the Borys Grinchenko Kiev University after in the masters of “Information, Library and Archival Affairs” and “Public relations”.Conclusions have been made on the multi-vector and multi-level process of implementing education in the field of sustainable development, to which higher education institutions of Ukraine are actively involved. It is noted that the presented experience of implementation of the CSF ONN until 2030 in the educational process at different educational and qualification levels can be used in the future in higher education institutions that train future specialists in information, library and archival affairs.A promising direction to continue the study is the study of the experience of project activities in the field of education for sustainable development, in particular the activities of adult education centers that participate in the implementation of the UN CRC until 2030 at the regional development of local communities.

ON THE POSSIBLE EXISTENCE OF SUPERSTRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS IN A LIMB SOLAR FLARE

We present the simultaneousobservations of the K Ca II 3933.7 A, H δ 4101.7 A andHe I 4471.5 A lines in the limb solar flare of July 17,1981. For two moments of the flare we analyzed StokesI ± V and V profiles of these lines from observationsmade on the Echelle spectrograph of the horizontal solartelescope of the Astronomical Observatory of TarasShevchenko National University of Kiev. In the flashphase of the flare, all named lines had very wideemissions, with a wing length of 6–8 A. An interestingfeature was observed in the violet wings of these lines,namely, narrow emission peaks with a width of only 0.25–0.35 A. The Zeeman splitting of these emission peakscorrespond to magnetic field strength in range 1300-2900G at altitudes of 10–15 Mm above the level of thephotosphere. Magnetic fields of ‘kilogauss’ range (up to3200 G) were found for some locations also in post-peakphase of the flare. Likely, the true local magnetic fields inthe flare could be even larger, since the obtained resultsrepresent a longitudinal component of the magnetic fieldassuming that the filling factor equals unity. A newindication of the existence of superstrong magnetic fieldsfollows from a comparison of the kinetic temperatures andturbulent velocities found from the narrow emissioncomponent in the flash phase of the flare. Considering thisemission component to be optically thin, we found thatthere is an anti-correlation between temperature andturbulent velocity. Such a dependence seems unlikely and,possibly, the widths of the line profiles reflect, in our case,not turbulent velocities, but very strong magnetic fields.The corresponding estimates of the magnetic field by theK Ca II line lead to the value B = 8.3 kG, and by the He I4471.5 line - to the value B = 6.7 kG. Considering that theHe I line is clearly closer to the case of an optically thinlayer, the closeness of these estimates is very encouraging.Our results are apparently the first indications ofsuperstrong magnetic fields of 6-7 kG at an altitude ofabout 10 Mm in a solar flare

“I’m Doing Well in the Center of Siberian World under Strict Police Supervision…”: F.I. Knauer’ Letters from His Tomsk Exile in 1915–1917

The article introduces the letters of the Professor of Kiev University, Sanskrit scholar Fyodor Ivanovich (Friedrich) Knauer (18491917) sent by him to his colleague, philologist Vladimir Nikolaevich Peretz. They are now housed at the Personal Fund of V.N. Peretz in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI. Fond 1277. Inv. 1. F. 35). This set of letters is undoubtedly of great importance because, among other things, we have no other surviving epistolary heritage of the scholar. Revealing the authors personality, the letters (there are only 21 of them) acquaint us to some extent with his inner world. Until recently, F.I. Knauers biography, especially the years of his exile, was full of blank spots which we can finally fill. The entire sequence of events relating to Knauers arrest, up to his arrival in Tomsk and life in Siberia, is presented by him as an uninterrupted narrative. The letters give us an idea of relations between the scholar, when he was out of favor, and his colleagues, friends, common people, local and higher authorities. They provide reliable documentary evidence of the terrible misfortune of a sincere person, who fell a victim to a complicated political period. The letters may also be regarded as sketches of Siberians everyday life. The present article includes 7 letters out of 21, the others are to be published in the next issue of the Journal.

HISTORIOGRAPHIC SOURCE S. I.-Y. BOROVOY TO THE HUNDRED HISTORY OF THE ODESSA STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER I. I. MECHNIKOV

The article presents the archaeographic publication of a review by Professor S. I.-Y. Borovoy on the manuscript «History of Odessa University for one hundred years». The manuscript was prepared by a team of authors headed by the responsible editor, rector of Odessa State University named after I. I. Mechnikov A. I. Yurzhenko by January 1965 in connection with the centenary of the opening of the university in 1865., when it was still called Imperial Novorossiysk University. The review presented in this article was not previously published and did not become the subject of scientific research. The presented material reflects the main milestones of the activities of Odessa (Novorossiysk) University over a hundred years of its existence. A feature of introducing a review into scientific circulation is the addition, by the facts indicated therein, of well-known scientific publications on the history of the university, which helps to recreate a more general and closer to an objective picture of its history. The content of the review, despite the ideological component of the current political regime, allows us to recreate the essential details of the development of the university system of education and higher education, fragments of the biography and scientific heritage of a number of scientists from various fields of knowledge. The review text reproduces the discussion questions around certain aspects of the history of the development of the system of higher education and science in Odessa, which demonstrates the criticisms and objections of S. I.-Y. Borovoy to some colleagues and positive sayings to other colleagues. Comparison of the content of the review text S. I.-Y. Borovoy and published in the publishing house of the University of Kiev in 1968 books « History of Odessa University for one hundred years » indicates the ignoring by the group of authors of most of the comments, wishes and recommendations of the reviewer. The publication of the review is accompanied by sufficiently complete comments on their content and introduces into the scientific circulation a valuable historiographic source, which is stored in the fund of personal origin S. I.-Y. Borovoy in the State archive of Odessa region. Studying the intellectual heritage of S. I.-Y. Borovoy is of independent importance for the development of methodological considerations about the study, description, publication, commenting on his epistolary heritage.