Universal Ethical Values Research Articles

Juridical Review of Net Revenue Sharing and Profit Sharing Implementation In Islamic Bank

Islamic economic and financial systems are based on the achievement of justice and equitable distribution of economic welfare as well as universal ethical values that can be accepted by various parties. This study aims to determine the legal basis for the application of net revenue sharing and profit sharing methods in Islamic banks. The method used is normative juridical approach, data collection techniques using literature study and field study, data analysis using qualitative normative analysis. The results mentioned that the regulation of net revenue sharing and profit sharing of Islamic banks in Indonesia is contained in Article 26 of Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking on the operational principles of Islamic banks, DSN MUI fatwa Number 15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 on the principle of distribution of business results in Islamic financial institutions and PBI Number 7/46/PBI/2005 concerning the collection of funds and distribution of funds for parties carrying out business activities based on sharia principles.

Nilai Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Hikayat Kalilah wa Dimnah

This article discusses the exploration of ethical and moral values within "Hikayat Kalilah wa Dimnah" with a focus on an educational approach within the context of classical Middle Eastern literature. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the moral messages embedded within the literary narratives and to elucidate how the teaching of these values can influence the character development and ethical understanding of the younger generation. The research methodology involves an in-depth analysis of the text of "Hikayat Kalilah wa Dimnah," a comparative study with universal ethical values, and an understanding of the cultural context. The findings of ethical and moral values are then applied within the contexts of formal and non-formal education to encourage holistic character development, encompassing critical thinking, empathy, wisdom, and integrity. The results of this research indicate that "Hikayat Kalilah wa Dimnah" holds substantial potential as a meaningful learning resource for fostering the moral and ethical development of the younger generation.Keywords: Kalilah wa Dimnah, moral education, classical literature.

Trust and Loyalty as Universal Ethics in Global Business of Governance

Trust and loyalty are universal human needs for moral knowledge, healthy relationships and good governance. They are core universal ethical values and virtues that enable people to relate freely under any sentient socio-political milieu. Public trust and loyalty in governments and in leaders across the globe is drastically declining with rising sense of hopelessness and lack of confidence that make citizens yearn for change. Meanwhile, some scholars have argued that distrust and disloyalty are as valuable as their contraries, especially when justified. Justifiably, one can be protected from harm and actions that could have negative effects on his reputations and self-respect, with inherent socio-political benefits and roles to good governance and the development of society. The point is that the reasons we have to trust and show loyalty are as valuable as the reasons we have to distrust and show disloyalty to someone or government. This means that trust and loyalty can either be withdrawn or betrayed. However, as valid as this sounds, the main thrust of this paper is that it is virtuous to trust and show loyalty until one finds valuable reason to withdraw or betray such trust or loyalty. Analytically, the paper concludes that genuine trust and loyalty promote common good in the global business of governance.

In the Light of Universal Ethical Values Akhism And Strategic Leadership Approach in Anatolia Abstract

Tarihte Ahi Evran tarafından Anadolu'da kurulan, sosyal, iktisadi ve siyasi hayatı etkileyen Ahi teşkilatı, bilim ve sanat dallarını iş hayatıyla uyumlaştırarak halka sunulan hizmetlerin en mükemmel halini ortaya çıkarmayı gaye edinmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu topraklarında Türk toplumunun bölgede barış ve huzur içinde yaşamalarını sağlamak amacıyla ahlaki, mesleki, ekonomik, ticari, siyasi ve idari alanlarda etkili olan Ahi Evran ve Ahilik Teşkilatı'nın vizyon, misyon ve evrensel etik değerler ve stratejik liderlik sistemi ilişkisi kapsamında gelecek odaklı yönetsel öğretiler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Türklerin Anadolu'ya yerleşmelerinden itibaren pozitif bilimlerin günlük yaşamda başarıyla kullanılması yolunda insanların sosyal yaşamlarında mükemmel niteliklere sahip, sağlıklı organizasyonlar çalışmada gösterilmek istenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, toplumun öncelikle ihtiyaç duyduğu güven veren kaliteli ürünlerin üretilmesi için gerekli olan yöntemlerin tespit edilerek geliştirilmesi, insanların artan ve değişen yaşamsal ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde geleceğe yönelik yeni vizyonlar içeren yaratıcı düşüncelerin somutlaştırılması için geçmiş dönemdeki Ahi ilke ve değerlerinin deneyimleriyle birlikte derin bir bakış açısı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Toplumun her kesimini kapsayıcı olan esnaf ve sanatkârların oluşturduğu örgütlenme olarak Ahilik ahlakında yer alan ana ilke ve prensipleri içeren “doğruluk, haram ve helal sınırlarına uymak, nefsine hâkim olmak, başkalarını düşünerek erdemli hizmet üretmek gibi” olguların evrensel etik kurallarıyla bütünleşen yanları irdelenmiştir. Çalışma, Ahi anlayışının doğuşu ve tarihsel gelişimi sürecinde toplumsal ticari yapıları oluşturan kurumlara olan etkilerini teorik bir açıdan ele alarak, günümüz yönetimlerinde karşılaşılan kurumsal liderlik anlayışının köklerine inen bir bakış açısı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Anadolu’da yaşanan etkin sosyal dönüşümlerin iktisadi ve idari açıdan halk üzerinde oluşturduğu sonuçlar ve liderliğin kurumsallaştığı günümüz dünyasına farklı bir perspektif sunmak amacıyla yazılan çalışmada ahilik değerlerinin zamanla toplumda yer etmeye başlaması neticesinde sosyal yaşamı biçimlendiren kurumlar çerçevesinde bugünün çağdaş küçük ve orta ölçekli şirketleri olarak değerlendirebileceğimiz yapıların stratejik liderlik yönünden Ahilik anlayışıyla ortak paydada buluşan noktalar teorik çerçevede analiz edilmiştir.

Worldview Islam dalam Aktualisasi Moderasi Beragama yang Berkemajuan di Era Disrupsi Digital

The development of one's understanding will be very relevant to efforts to make improvements and changes. Worldview Islam means that Muslims use their religious understanding in actualizing progressive and constructive religious moderation which can balance the effect of digital disruption. Digital disruption has brought about an era filled with challenges, crises and threats. On the other hand, it provides hope, a great opportunity for the dissemination of knowledge, especially in the context of Muslims as agents of moderation and drivers of civilization. This article contains how Muslims need to formulate ways and future agendas to develop an Islamic worldview by enriching the tarjih method to actualize progressive religious moderation in an era of digital disruption in every sector. Digital disruption should be able to provide added value from the actualization of modern Muslims who are still able to align it with the guidelines from the al-Quran and as-Sunnah. Digital disruption should be able to become a medium for increasing public literacy towards the universal ethical values ??offered by Islam.

INFORMATION SOCIETY AND NEW GLOBAL ETHICS

The article is dedicated to analyzing socio-cultural and ethical changes occurring in the modern information society under the influence of globalization processes. The main aim of the research is to analyze cultural transformations in the sphere of information society ethics. In examining these changes, the authors utilize theoretical concepts from leading researchers in the field of information society and ethics, including D. Bell, J. Baudrillard, M. Castells, R. Florida, at al. The article focuses on changes not only oriented towards technological aspects and the proliferation of information but also on the complex aspects of human interaction: the ability to create and transmit ethical values from generation to generation while considering existential priorities and moral norms. The authors regard the information society as a new socio-cultural reality that necessitates the development of a new global ethics. Such an ethics should take into account the global experience in the realm of morality and the necessity for democratizing the information society. The main emphasis of the article is directed towards interactive, networked communication as a key element of interaction, diverse forms of social dialogue, and methods of democratizing social relations through new technologies. In this context, the authors highlight the significance of Generation Z as a new creative class within the information society, serving as a subject of global ethics. This generation possesses new communicative skills and the ability to propose new strategies and forms of ethical behavior to adapt within the changing information society. In the conclusions of the article, the authors underscore that a new global ethics requires norms capable of aligning national, particular values with global universal ethical values, including ecological, humanistic, and human-centered values, ensuring their accessibility through the democratization of the information society. The methodological basis for such ethics could be Kantianism, fostering the harmonization of intergenerational interactions in the context of information society development.

Kultura a prawo w społeczeństwie pluralistycznym

The article discusses the problem of the relations between culture and law in a modern pluralistic society, where exist the significant ideological differences in perception of the fundamental human values. The positive law should serve the attainment of these values. At the beginning the Author takes a personalistic stance on a culture expressed at the Second Vatican Council, that “man comes to a true and full humanity only through culture, that is through the cultivation of the goods and values of nature” (Gaudium et spes, n. 53). In order to get answer to the above question – in Author’s opinion – the following problems should be considered: what is law, what are values, in particular, what are the Christian values and what is their relation towards the positive law provided by the State bodies. In conclusion, the Author indicated a dramatic cultural conflict in the legal systems of the Member State of the European Union, as a consequence of forcing by the positive law established by the bodies of the European Union the patterns of behavior, which are contrary to the Christian system of the universal ethical values, rooted in the Christian culture of the European nations.

Tax сontext in the structure of corporate social responsibility

The article analyzes the issue of including tax issues in the concept of corporate social responsibility. The author defines corporate social responsibility as a voluntary acceptance of obligations by a company that go beyond strictly formal compliance with the letter of the law and maximize profits as a fundamental goal of corporate activity, but based on society’s expectations and universal ethical values. Within the framework of this concept, we are talking about responsibility not only (and not so much) to the state, but to the society as a whole. Can you remain a socially responsible corporation and still not pay your “fair share” of taxes? Does society have the right to impose tax requirements on businesses that go beyond the letter of tax laws? And what does proper tax compliance mean in the context of corporate tax liability? The author answers in the affirmative. The widespread introduction of ideas and principles of corporate social responsibility into tax strategies of modern business, accompanied by the introduction of ethical components in the tax sphere, can significantly increase the level of tax compliance both within individual countries and at the level of the world community. The main thing here is the understanding that the key needs, values, ideals and perspectives of the entire society (and not just the interests of interconnected market players) should be included in everyday business practices. After all, by supporting “sustainable development” in the context of CSR, each corporation creates the conditions for its own development. Obviously, the widespread introduction of ideas and principles of corporate social responsibility into the tax strategies of modern business, accompanied by the introduction of ethical components in the field of taxes, can significantly increase the level of tax compliance both within individual countries and at the level of the global community.

CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTERCULTURAL ETHICS IN THE THEORY OF GLOBAL MANAGEMENT

The development of the global market has created a need for global management ideas that can be overcome in practice by solving complex problems. The formation and development of global management ideas is strongly influenced by different cultural traditions and values of Eastern and Western cultures, which determine different management methods. The ability to organize production and manage processes on a global platform is critical to creating and maintaining high living standards. The vital foundation on which sustainable decisions in the field of management are based can have a strong impact on the fulfilment of humanity’s expectations for well-being and prosperity. The reasonable question therefore is: what value system could become the universal ethical framework that integrates different cultural traditions and worldviews and underpins the field global management? Intercultural ethics is one of the most recent research projects to analyze a wide range of ethical issues arising from the multidisciplinary perspective of societies and cultures. Intercultural ethics seeks to identify the existing different cultural, value beliefs, to define universal ethical principles on the basis of which intercultural decisions and agreements on the development, implementation, management and use of digital technologies are made. Different cultures disagree on common universal moral decisions because they are based on unique worldviews and value systems, and there is no universally accepted epistemically sound way to resolve such moral disagreements. The question is, what are the basic assumptions underpinning the impact of intercultural ethics on the theory of global management that would enable the common development and application of a system of universal ethical principles governing the development of global management processes in different regions and cultures of the world? The article hypothesizes that a synthesis of classical Aristotelian virtue ethics, Confucian ethics, and African ubuntu philosophical ethics could underpin intercultural ethics, embodying the universal ethical values of Western and Eastern cultures in global management theory.

Literature as Enlightenment in Edhem Mulabdic’s Works

This paper analyses Edhem Mulabdić’s novels Zeleno busenje (1898) and Nova vremena (1914), and his collection of short stories, Na obali Bosne (1900). These texts played a pivotal role in economic, educational and social progress and interculturality among Bosnians. Mulabdić’s literary works strive to bring together “heart and mind” – East and West – and to affirm intercultural understanding through collaboration with other South Slavic peoples. Mulabdić promoted the Bosnian language, universal ethical values, the idea of emancipation through education, and the re-contextualisation of Islamic teachings, and his ideas strongly influenced the wider community.

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING ETHICAL DECISION MAKERS

Growing interest in ethical behaviour and sustainable development of businesses at the global level, as well as the expectations of society for ethical and responsible behaviour of business organizations poses new requirements toward educational institutions in terms of training human resources that responds to more chllenging tasks of modern entrepreneurship activity. From this perspective this research work aims to study the role of higher educational institutions (particularly during the pandemic-forced distant education) in training of competent, innovative and flexible decision makers who are socially responsible and responsive, able to understand and respect universal ethical values, fairness and equality, high level of morality and ethics, cultural, religious, ethnic and other diversities, are willing to take measures to protect the environment from the negative impact of business activity and contribute to sustainable development.

Are Moral Judgments About the Past a Necessity or Unethical? Reflections on the Meaning of Universalistic and Relativistic Ethical Positions

ABSTRACT Ethical relations to the past demand a conscious confrontation of the past. In this sense we will examine the close connection between past events and moral concepts and their influence on current moral discourses. We presume a weak moral objectivism, since strong moral objectivism fails to take account of relevant particulars of a given context, now or in the past, and since it might carry a tendency to dogmatism and rigidity. A stringent moral relativism, on the other hand, can lead to the trivialisation and denial of the violation of universal ethical values. From a philosophical standpoint, it will be argued that moral judgments about past actions are appropriate and necessary, followed by reflections on the significance of universalist and relativist positions in social science discourses and from psychoanalytic social psychology.

UNESCO’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage: Sustainable development perspectives

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has not only introduced a conceptual and applicative expansion of the interdisciplinary subjects applied to cultural heritage, but it has also increasingly encouraged an integrated planning of sustainable development policies for territories and communities that convey and shape their relative cultural and anthropomorphic identity, along with the re-thinking of the collective dimension of heritage in terms of rights to creation and fruition as well as the related cultural management. This article presents a reflection on the opportunity to identify and develop the relationship between tangible and intangible heritage as resources that are essential to one another. To this purpose, two illustrative UNESCO application paths are examined. The first relates to the recognition of The Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato as a Cultural Landscape of World Heritage, pursuant to the 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, while the second concerns the inscription of the intangible element The Celebration of Celestinian Forgiveness in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of the UNESCO 2003 Convention. Due to differences in paradigms and application criteria under the two UNESCO Conventions, which are also detectable in the Italian regulatory context, these case studies offer the opportunity to advance an interdisciplinary reflection aimed at rethinking safeguarding contexts, as well as enhancement and increasing accessibility of cultural heritage. As a result of the reflection, an analysis of the concept of living in relation to the anthropological definition of organic landscape, representation of collective identities (community-based heritage), inclusive places and sociability (public policy), communicative restitution (universal ethical values), participatory management (participative brand making), and integrated sustainability is derived.

Ethical Leadership in the Digital Era: Requirements for Developing Ethical Leaderships in Vietnam

Ethical leadership ideas were widely mentioned in the 80s and 90s of the twentieth century, in many areas, such as biomedical ethics, business ethics and moral leadership, etc. These studies emphasize that the leadership contains universal ethical values such as respect, service, fairness, honesty, responsibility, and community. Recently, the strong development of digital technology and artificial intelligence set higher demands for leaders in applying standards and moral values in accordance with the requirements of a digital era. These demands aim to increase the transparency, accountability, and frequent connections between leaders and subordinates as well as between leaders and the people to express the spirit of the service leadership. This article clarifies the concept of ethical leadership in a digital era andraise some issues for building and training ethical leadership in Vietnam in the digital era.

УНІВЕРСАЛЬНІ УМОВИ ДЕКОНФЛІКТИЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ: ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ЕТИЧНОГО АБСОЛЮТИЗМУ

The article’s analysis focuses on the ontological aspects of social existence harmonious. Ethical principles of good are the main de-confliction mechanisms, factors that are reproduced and responsible for solving the problem of social and individual order. Universal ethical values - freedom, love, responsibility, creativity is a preexisting knowledge that produces, translates and reproduces the coherence practices of co-existence at both individual and social levels. It is revealed that the functionality of the latter is reproduced in the space of productive communication experience, which acquires personality in the social interaction context. The "threat" to ethical knowledge, which is the ontological basis of the social being organization, is the problem of ethics relativity. This problem arises and spreads as a result of the ethical knowledge objectification, its transformation into a thing. In other words, it is the transformation of universal values, the goals of ethics as spiritual phenomena, into the means of achieving individual desire, personal well-being, the tools of satisfying my selfish desires, that transforms a person into a conformal consumer. From ancient hedonism to modern versions of transhumanism, ethical relativism theories continue to actively raise questions about the relevance of the ethical absolutism principles. It is noted that the dissonance that arises in connection with the actualization of the ethics relativism question indicates an aggravation of the formalization problem of spiritual knowledge. Consequently, ethical conformity is required to conform to the ontology of social being. This correspondence is based on the absoluteness of ethics as a condition for the functioning of harmonious social relations - on the one hand, and human development - on the other. Thus, the analysis of the consolidation mechanisms of human being, its integrity, harmony, should focus on the actualization of the ethical absolutism issue, which is particularly acute in today's conflict world. It is this perspective that explores the problems of integrating social and individual order and provides tools and solutions.

Značaj i uloga sportista u etičkom obrazovanju mladih

One cannot write about the relationship of young people and current sports stars in modern society without having previously studied the processes of mediation and globalisation of sport, and the transformation of traditional social values. The goal of the science and practice engaged in sports and education of young people is a constant quest for preserving universal ethical values and reconciling them with the modern-day social processes. This paper will present the result of a survey conducted with adolescents in five different Serbian cities in order to find the answer to the question if sportspersons were their favourite television role-models. According to the results of our survey, 45% of adolescents do not have a favourite TV personality and do not know for sure who that could be. Novak Đoković, who would be the choice of adults for a role model of the young, with 63.2% according to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, scored 3.81% in our survey with adolescents who would chose Novak Đoković as their favourite TV personality. The necessity of raising media literacy of young people with the aim of clear identification of sports role models who are going to improve their quality of life still remains an open issue for further research on this course.

STUDY OF TAOISM ETHICS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION FOR DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

The people of Indonesia are currently entering a period of transition. The transition is when democratic civil society creates opportunities for freedom, openness, and a broader political space of participation from people without exception. Civil society mobility affects the need for law enforcement and respect for moral values. The study of Taoist ethics becomes essential to explore an ethical way of life according to the laws of nature. The way the analysis uses: descriptions of hermeneutics, heuristics and synthesis. To achieve the first research objective using the hermeneutic description method, to reveal the fundamental meaning that gives importance to the ethical teachings of Taoism. The second research objective uses a heuristic approach, a step of finding ways to solve problems scientifically. The road to science, through an explorative understanding of the meaning of concepts or texts, to derive the fundamental problem specifications that arise in the empowerment of democratic civil society in Indonesia. To achieve the third research objective, using the synthesis approach, which is combined exclusively by drawing a node of logical and contextual relevance. The results show that the universal ethical values in Taoist natural ethics such as simplicity, honesty, discipline, compassion, obedience, sincerity, justice, have significance and relevance to the basic issue of plurality of civil society's life to democratic society in Indonesia.

Bioviolência e gestão dos corpos: um estudo em Giorgio Agamben e Antonio Negri

Nosso trabalho tem por escopo identificar as relações de poder que se afirmam mediante o uso biopolítico da violência, a partir da aproximação conceitual entre dois teóricos do biopoder que, ainda que divergentes em sua apreensão da noção foucaultiana, e cujos projetos ontológicos apontem em direções discordantes, identificam um mesmo momento histórico, ora como paradigma, ora como sintoma de processos latentes: por um lado, Giorgio Agamben procura designar o biopoder a partir do entrecruzamento, no corpo da vida nua (em seus diversos codinomes), entre o jurídico e o político, através da decisão soberana que, atuando num patamar de indefinição, insere a vida em seu dispositivo de exceção mediante uma inclusão exclusiva na ordem jurídica. De outra forma, Antonio Negri observa o estado de exceção como um momento implícito no processo de expansão do capitalismo, no qual o declínio da soberania do Estado-nação materializa, por sua vez, o emergir do Império a partir da união entre categorias jurídicas e valores éticos universais, como os direitos humanos, designando uma supranacionalidade jurídica que encontra no estado de exceção um de seus principais eixos de atuação. Assim, definindo a guerra como uma relação social permanente, ou como um dispositivo de biopoder, empresta-lhe renovada importância, porquanto, fundadora da política, expressa, na construção da imagem do Inimigo (abstrato e indefinido), sua função normalizadora, ativa e constituinte, reguladora e gerenciadora da vida e suas formas. A partir do referencial teórico, pretendemos demonstrar que a violência, operando no terreno da exceção, tanto através de seus aspectos “negativos”, como uma tanatopolítica, quanto como regime de biopoder, administrando e regulando o espaço e as subjetividades, a partir de suas características positivas e constituintes, aparece, então, como um dispositivo de biopoder, ou uma bioviolência, que encontra no medo e na imagem do Inimigo suas principais fontes de legitimação.

Ethical challenges in assessment centres in South Africa

Orientation: Assessment Centres (ACs) are used globally for the selection and development of candidates. Limited empirical evidence exists of the ethical challenges encountered in the use of ACs, especially in South Africa (SA).Research purpose: Firstly, to explore possible ethical challenges related to ACs in SA from the vantage point of the practitioner and, secondly, to search for possible solutions to these.Motivation for the study: Decisions based on AC outcomes have profound implications for participants and organisations, and it is essential to understand potential ethical challenges to minimise these, specifically in the SA context, given its socio-political history, multiculturalism, diversity and pertinent legal considerations.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative, interpretative research design was chosen. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured survey that was completed by 96 AC practitioners who attended an AC conference. Content analysis and thematic interpretation were used to make sense of the data. The preliminary findings were assessed by a focus group of purposively selected subject-matter experts (n = 16) who provided informed insights, which were incorporated into the final findings. The focus group suggested ways in which specific ethical challenges may be addressed.Main findings: The findings revealed many ethical challenges that can be better understood within a broad framework encompassing 10 themes: Universal ethical values; multicultural global contexts; the regulatory-legal framework for ACs in SA; characteristics of the assessor; psychometric properties of the AC; characteristics of the participant; bias and prejudice; governance of the AC process; ethical culture of the employer organisation and the evasive nature of ethics as a concept.Practical and managerial implications: Considerable risk exists for the unethical use of ACs. An awareness of possible areas of risk may assist AC stakeholders in their search for ethical AC use.Contribution or value-add: The study may contribute to an evidence-based understanding of the ethical aspects of ACs. The recommendations may also benefit all AC stakeholders who wish to use ACs ethically.

Ethics Codes of Public Relations Firms in the United States and South Korea

This study was designed to determine universal ethical values by examining ethics codes of public relations firms in the United States and South Korea. The contents of 1, 969 ethical statements (1, 891 United States and 78 Korea) were reviewed. “Respect to clients” and “expertise” were the most frequently mentioned values, and “honesty” and “openness” were the ethical values least frequently mentioned in statements in both countries. Statements showed similar patterns in both countries, though they were more often aimed at promoting the agencies' services to attract future clients, rather than presenting legitimate ethical values.