Types Of Packaging Research Articles

Tips On Choosing Attractive Packaging For Soap Products Made In Residential Communities

The development of local products, such as soap made in residential communities, has great potential to improve the economy and creativity at the community level. However, one of the challenges often faced is unattractive and uneconomical packaging. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide training to residential communities in choosing attractive and economical packaging for their soap products. The main objectives of this service activity are; 1) Increasing housing society's understanding of the importance of attractive and economical packaging in marketing soap products. 2) Provide practical guidance in choosing the type of packaging that suits their soap products. And 3) Encouraging residential communities to develop creativity in designing their own product packaging. This service activity will be carried out through a series of interactive training and workshops involving the housing community. The methods used include counseling sessions on the importance of product packaging, demonstrations on the selection of materials and economical packaging designs, packaging design workshops to encourage creativity and group discussions to share experiences and ideas. The results of the Community Service Activity show that participants have a better understanding of the importance of attractive and economical packaging. Then participants can choose the appropriate type of packaging for their soap products, resulting in an increase in the design of soap product packaging, which will help increase product attractiveness and sales.

Study of axial dispersion on several modern structured and random packings

The study investigates the phenomenon of axial dispersion in a packed absorption column, which is known to reduce the efficiency of separation equipment by reducing the mass transfer driving force. The aim of the study is to determine the Bodenstein number, which represents axial dispersion, for five types of modern packings used in the column. The packings used in the study were random packings (NeXRing0.7 and NeXRing1.2) and structured packings (MellaPak350Y, 452Y, and 500Y). The data obtained from dynamic experiments in the form of a response to a step change in tracer substance concentration were compared to a diffusion-type differential equation, which was solved with boundary conditions for a closed system. By measuring the responses at two different packed bed heights and using convolution, the influence of the end effects was eliminated. The lowest axial dispersion was obtained for M452Y, and it is almost twice as low as for M250Y. It was found that the values of the Bodenstein number for standard series of Mellapak type packing (M250Y, M350Y and M500Y) have comparable axial dispersion, especially at low liquid rates. The axial dispersion obtained for random packings is generally higher compared to structured packings. However, compared to other random packings such as Pall rings (25 mm) and Intalox saddles (25 mm), NXR0.7 and NXR1.2 exhibit up to a two-fold reduction in axial dispersion.

Optimization of Packaging Carton Production at PT X with the Hungarian Method and Multi Attribute Utility Theory

Household shopping activities in Indonesia have increased by 51% percent since the pandemic period (BPS, 2022). The increase affects household ingredients in packaging. PT X produces various types of packaging for household needs with various size specifications through the make to order system has experienced an overload of production quantity resulting in a delay of 36.19%. PT X needs to conduct problem analysis and production planning to improve ontime delivery. Problem analysis is carried out by direct observation methods and management interviews. Production planning is carried out by dividing and prioritizing tasks using the Hungarian optimization method and Multi Attribute Utility Theory

The Environmental Impacts of Caesar Salad Packaging

There are at least 151 ways to uniquely package ingredients for a Caesar salad, and this research provides the environmental impacts of each so organizations can make more informed packaging decisions. This research examines the environmental impacts of salad packaging at the retail market based on the typical Caesar salad from the manufacturing gate to the post-consumer gate. A retail audit of salad packaging was conducted across the southeast USA in the summer of 2021, identifying 167 unique packaging types offered across four methods of sale: (1) whole packaged ingredients, (2) prepared packaged ingredients, (3) packaged salad kits, and (4) salad bar containers. Analysis of these packaged products yielded 26 unique materials that were analyzed within Trayak COMPASS life cycle analysis (LCA) software. One hundred and fifty-one possible salad packaging combinations were generated and assessed through various environmental impact measurements. A novel formula was developed that provides a standard score for each possible combination. For lettuce, heavier clamshells and tubs were more impactful than flexible bags. For cheese, flexible bags were less impactful than heavier, rigid packaging. For croutons, bag-in-box solutions were just as impactful as multi-layer flexible pouches. For dressings, impact corresponded with weight, where a flexible plastic pouch had less of an impact than plastic and glass bottles. Packaged kits and salad bar packaging were analyzed as well, determining bagged kits’ impacts were significantly lower than those of bowl kits. Five packages common to salad bars were analyzed, where coated paper had less of an impact than molded pulp and plastic clamshells. The value of this work can be leveraged by researchers and organizations who seek to make packaging decisions based on environmental impacts and consumers who seek to be more informed about the impacts of the packaging they purchase.

Do stories (always) make food products taste better? The boundary effects of matching package type and product dimension

AbstractThis research examines when the narrative transportation induced by storytelling influences taste. In a field experiment conducted in two wine stores, we first demonstrate that storytelling enhances actual taste through narrative transportation, but only when the package type matches the product. In the next experiment, we determine that product dimension (hedonic vs. utilitarian) is another boundary condition. We specifically show that the effect of storytelling through narrative transportation on expected taste is positively stronger for utilitarian products than hedonic products. This article contributes to the research on storytelling, narrative transportation, and sensory marketing by showing that storytelling indirectly enhances taste for products with matching packages and utilitarian products. This article also offers important implications for marketers and retailers who aim to enhance the perceived taste of their products.

Качество и безопасность продукции в процессе хранения в системе «вино – упаковка, укупорка»

Poor packaging often affects the quality and safety indicators of wine during storage. The need to preserve and prolong wine stability during long-term storage requires a comprehensive study of processes that occur in wines packaged and capped in various ways.
 This research featured 56 samples of white and red dry wines, which were bottled in four types of packages and stopper for 18 months. The effect of synthetic and natural stopper methods involved a model system that simulated the main composition of wine in line with the EAEU standards. The contents of free SO2 and dissolved oxygen, as well as the microbiology of natural corks, were studied using standard methods. The analysis of volatile substances relied on gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and solid phase micro-extraction.
 The study recorded critical changes in the quality of wine products, characterized by increased oxidation markers and low free sulfur dioxide, which fell below 10 mg/dm3. In polyethylene terephthalate bottles, these changes occurred after 12 months of storage, while it took them 18 months to develop in multilayer bags and combined packaging materials. The components of natural and artificial plugs of microbial and chemical origin entered the model systems after 10 days of contact. The microbiological contamination was twice as high as the permissible level. The migration of microbial and chemical substances into the wine samples spoiled their quality and safety.
 The effect of packaging on the oxidative processes in white and red dry wines during storage resulted in different concentrations of dissolved oxygen and sulfur dioxide. The results can help wine producers to choose the most appropriate packaging and stopper means depending on the wine sort and its subsequent storage conditions. Alternative types of packaging proved to have a limited shelf life.

Retail Price Differences between Packaged and Unpackaged Fruits (Apples) and Vegetables (Tomatoes, Peppers)

Since, according to many scientific studies, price is a very important factor when buying fruits and vegetables, it is interesting to study whether price differences between them occur in retail markets. Because of the discussion regarding sustainability, we performed an observational, orienting study on the retail prices of frequently bought packaged and unpackaged fruits and vegetables (apples, tomatoes, and bell peppers) in the Munich area in February and March 2022. We also differentiated between organic and non-organic produce. The relationship between the type of packaging (packaged versus unpackaged) and the retail price (EUR/kg) was determined by means of correlation coefficients, and we examined whether unpackaged products were more expensive than the packaged variants. The results differed for the organic and non-organic variants of the products, as well as among the individual fruit and vegetable varieties. We found a tendency towards unpackaged products being more expensive than packaged fruits and vegetables, in three out of four cases for the non-organic and two out of three cases for the organic products. For all cases, single products and single cost values were observed where the opposite was found.

Effect of Different Packing Types on Storage and Quality of Saidy Dates

Effect of Different Packing Types on Storage and Quality of Saidy Dates

Steady-State Transitions in Ordered Porous Media

Previously performed experiments on flow through an ordered porous media cell with tomographic particle image velocimetry reveal a complex three-dimensional steady-state flow pattern. This flow pattern emerge in the region where inertial structures have been previously reported for a wide range of packings. The onset of these steady-state inertial flow structures is here scrutinized for three different types of packing using a finite difference method. It is concluded that the onset of the flow structure coincides with a symmetry break in the flow field and discontinuities in the pressure drop, volume averaged body forces and heat transfer. A quantity for identifying the transition is proposed, namely the pressure integral across the solid surfaces. It is also shown that the transition can both increase and decrease the heat transfer dependent on the actual geometry of the porous medium.

Food aflatoxin exposure assessment in Sichuan Province, China.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are frequent contaminants in crops worldwide and can cause adverse health effects in exposed humans. Since foods AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) contamination in Sichuan Province are unexplored, we conducted a study to assess AFs exposure in the population. In total, 318 samples, including grains, red chilli, red chilli powder, and vegetable protein beverages, were collected from 13 cities of Sichuan Province, China, in 2022.AFs were detected in all types of foods except for wheat flour, the highest incidence was found in red chilli powder (75.0%). The concentrations of AFtot (the total aflatoxins) ranged between ND (not detected) and 54.20μgkg-1. It was observed that the AFs profile was dominated by AFB1. The AFB1 content ranged from ND to 52.60μgkg-1 across food types. According to EU maximum limits (ML) of AFs, 2.8% of samples exceeded the AFtot limits. For AFB1, 0.4% and 4.3% of samples exceeded the China and EU limits, respectively.In this study, packaging types and sampling sites were selected as parameters influence food aflatoxin contamination. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between different samples.According to exposure assessment and risk characterization, AFtot daily exposure was shown to be 0.263 and 283.936ngkg-1 bw for the lower and upper exposure. The MOE value derived from consumption grains and red chilli pepper products were generally bellow 10 000, and liver cancer cases based on these two foods consumption could range from < 0.001 to 0.16 cases per year/10 000 persons.

Environmental life cycle assessment of nutraceuticals: A case study on methylcobalamin in different packaging types

The growing production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, e.g., methylcobalamin supplements, improves the health of people. This study assesses the environmental footprint of chewable methylcobalamin supplements in four packaging types: blister packs or bottles made of HDPE, PET, or glass. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment is conducted to evaluate the supply to Belgian consumers of the recommended daily dose of methylcobalamin supplementation (1.2 mg) in case of deficiency. The impact of methylcobalamin manufacturing in major producing countries (China as baseline and France) is analyzed based on detailed synthesis modeling of data points coming from patents. The overall carbon footprint (CF) is dominated by the transport of consumers to the pharmacy and methylcobalamin powder manufacturing in China (while its mass share per supplement is only 1 %). The impact is the lowest for supplements in HDPE bottles (6.3 g CO2 eq) and 1 %, 8 %, and 35 % higher for those in PET bottles, glass bottles, and blister packs, respectively. Tablets in blister packs have for other investigated impact categories (fossil resource footprint (FRF); acidification; eutrophication: freshwater, marine, and terrestrial; freshwater ecotoxicity; land use; and water use) the highest footprint and those in HDPE and PET bottles for most the lowest. The CF of methylcobalamin powder manufacturing in France is 22 % lower than in China (2.7 g CO2 eq), while the FRF is similar in both locations (26–27 kJ). The FRF and the difference in the CF are chiefly due to energy use and solvent production emissions. Similar trends as the CF are found for other investigated impact categories. Valuable conclusions are drawn for environmental studies on pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals: (i) including accurate data on consumer transport, (ii) using more environmentally-friendly active ingredients, (iii) choosing appropriate packaging types considering multiple aspects: convenience, environmental footprint, etc., and (iv) providing a holistic picture through assessing various impact categories.

Superior Culinary Products Maninjau Wisata West Sumatra Province

This study aims to analyze the superior culinary products of Maninjau Tourism Village from the indicators of the type of product processing, product packaging and product marketing. This research uses a descriptive approach with qualitative data. Data sources were obtained from the Tourism, Youth and Sports Office of Agam Regency, Tanjung Raya Sub- District Head, Maninjau Nagari Wali, Traditional/Religious Leaders, Culinary Traders and Visitors/Tourists. Data collection was carried out directly in Nagari Maninjau using interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that the superior culinary products of the Maninjau Tourism Village were processed rinuak fish, bada fish and pensi. Processed forms are rinuak fritters, rinuak crackers, rinuak jerky, rinuak palai, crispy rinuak, rinuak rakik, fried bada, bada smoked and pensi soup. While the packaging uses transparent plastic and leaves. Then the marketing is still conventional. This superior culinary product of the Maninjau Tourism Village has the potential to be developed further both in the form of processed products, product packaging and product marketing.

Influence of Different Packages and Storage Temperatures on the Quality of Edible Allium Species

Allium resources in Russia are a potential source of genes for expanding the genetic base of agricultural crops. The leaves of Allium crops have a short freshness period and quickly deteriorate due to spoilage and loss of water. The aim of the work was to establish the yield and change in the quality of green leaves of Allium species introduced into the Moscow region during short-term storage, depending on the type of packaging, storage period, and temperature. Research methods: introduction and mobilization of existing plant genetic collection of representatives of the genus Allium L. was carried out as part of the implementation of the State task. Four to five-year-old plants of four species (A. altyncolicum, A. chyatophorum, A. nutans and A. turkestanicum) were grown on the collection plot of perennial onions of VNIIO, a branch of the FGBNU FNTSO. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the yield per leaf generation varied from 2.7 kg/m2 (A. altyncolicum) to 4.9 kg/m2 (A. cyathophorum). The maximum yield of marketable products was noted in hermetically sealed plastic bags when stored for 10 days at a temperature of +6 to +8 °C in a refrigerator with controlled conditions: A. turkestanicum—70.0%, A. cyathophorum—75.5%, A. altyncolicum—84.9%, A. nutans—92.9%. The maximum content of vitamin C during storage in hermetic bags with a density of 100 μm was found in A. altyncolicum (37.1 mg per 100 g) and A. nutans (42 mg per 100 g). A slight increase in the amount of sugars after storage for 10 days was noted in species with a linear leaf shape when stored in a polymer box. Temperature control is the most effective approach to extending the shelf life of fresh green leaves by measuring their weight loss and vitamin C.

Influence of Storage Packaging Type on the Microbiological and Sensory Quality of Free-Range Table Eggs

The studies aimed to assess the impact of packaging, storage time, and temperature on the microbiological quality as well as on the sensory quality and functional properties of chicken eggs. The study material consisted of eggs from laying hens kept under free-range conditions. The eggs packed in cardboard and plastic cartons were stored at 5 °C and 22 °C, respectively. The eggs were examined on the day of laying and on days 14 and 28 of storage. The microbiological quality of the shell and contents of the eggs and the foaming properties of the egg white stored in cardboard and plastic packaging as well as the sensory characteristics of the eggs stored in both types of packaging after hard-boiling were examined on all evaluation dates. The type of packaging in which the eggs were stored was shown to influence the microbiological quality of the egg contents. Eggs stored in plastic packaging, on days 14 and 28 of storage, contained more bacteria in egg contents than eggs stored in cardboard packaging (p &lt; 0.05). The type of packaging in which the eggs were stored did not have an effect on the foaming properties of the egg white (p &gt; 0.05) or on the sensory characteristics of the eggs after hard-boiling. Irrespective of the type of packaging, the foaming properties of the egg white and the sensory characteristics of the eggs after hard-boiling deteriorated with storage time. The effect of temperature on egg quality was found. Regardless of the type of packaging, eggs stored at 5 °C after hard-boiling had better yolk colour, smell, and texture than eggs stored at 22 °C (p &lt; 0.05).

Iron-Based Oxygen Scavengers on Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres.

Iron-based materials are among the most commonly used oxygen scavengers. Here, we investigated the mesoporous silica nanosphere (MSN)-supported iron-based scavengers, such as FeOx nanoparticles and different atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings (FeOx and Fe). We found that the scavenger performance is a result of a complex interplay between available Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and the scavenger composition, with the combination of infiltrated nanoparticles and Fe-ALD coating resulting in the best performance. When the glucose-based treatment of MSN is used to further enhance oxygen scavenging capacity, Fe-ALD coating yields the best performance, with a high oxygen adsorption capacity of 126.8 mL/g. ALD deposition of Fe represents a versatile method to introduce Fe-based oxygen scavengers onto different supports, and it can facilitate the integration of scavengers with different types of packaging, as the deposition can be performed at a low temperature of 150 °C.

Suppression of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae infection in rice seeds: investigating the optimal temperature and packaging conditions for enhanced pathogen control and seed quality

The pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xoo) is responsible for rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB), a disease that can significantly reduce rice yield by 60-80%. Xoo can also be transmitted through seeds, making it a seed-borne pathogen. Therefore, it is crucial for farmers to consider environmental factors when storing seeds. This research aims to determine the optimal temperature and packaging for storing rice seeds to prevent Xoo infection. The study employed a split-plot design, where the main plot consisted of two temperature treatments: low (4 ᵒC ± 2 ᵒC) and room temperature (28 ᵒC ± 3 ᵒC). The subplots focused on three packaging types: no packaging as a control, aluminum foil, and polyethylene plastic, resulting in a total of six treatment combinations. Seed pathology testing was conducted using the liquid assay method, while physiological testing utilized the growing on test method. The results revealed that plastic packaging at room temperature provided the most effective treatment for suppressing Xoo, exhibiting the lowest infectivity, number of colonies, and strength vigor index. Conversely, room temperature without packaging demonstrated the highest physiological quality in terms of seed germination and length. However, the temperature and packaging conditions are optimal for the growth of paddy seeds, i.e., at room temperature without packaging.

A comprehensive review of intelligent controlled release antimicrobial packaging in food preservation.

Intelligent responsive packaging provides informative feedback or control the release of active substances like antimicrobial agents in response to stimuli in food or the environment to ensure food safety. This paper provides an overview of two types of intelligent packaging, information-responsive and intelligent controlled-release, focusing on the recent research progress of intelligent controlled-release antimicrobial packaging with enzyme, pH, relative humidity, temperature, and light as triggering factors. It also summarizes the current status of application in different food categories, as well as the challenges and future prospects. Intelligent controlled-release technology aims to optimize the antimicrobial effect and ensure the quality of food products by synchronizing the release of active substances with food preservation needs through sensing stimuli, which is an innovative and challenging packaging technology. The paper seeks to provide a reference for the research and industrial development of responsive intelligent packaging and controlled-release packaging applications in food.

Estimation of vegetable leather shelf life from a combination of beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) with various types of packaging using the ASLT (accelerated shelf life testing) method of the arrhenius model

Beluntas leaves vegetable leather is a new processed product, so its shelf life is currently unknown. This research utilised the ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Test) Arrhenius model to assess the shelf life of vegetable leather in three different forms of packaging, including aluminum foil, combination (aluminum foil-polyethylene), and polypropylene. The research includes two replications and a descriptive design. Three different types of packing were used to store vegetable leather for a month at oven temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C (28 days). Every week, on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, observations were made about the moisture content and sensory factors (texture, color, and aroma). The shelf life of vegetable leather was calculated using the parameter data using the Arrhenius model ASLT method with Microsoft Excel 2010. The results indicated that vegetable leather beluntas leaves packaged in aluminum foil had a shelf life of 179.53 days (5 months, 27 days), while in combination packaging (aluminum foil-polyethylene), they had a shelf life of 44.20 days (1 month, 13 days). In polypropylene packaging, the product had a shelf life of 35.94 days (1 month and four days) according to order 1 of the Arrhenius model ASLT method.

Early identification of “Gudeg” product characteristics in High Barrier Retort Grade (HBRG) packaging

Food packaging is needed to reduce the risk of food spoilage caused by physical, chemical, and biological factors. Based on the recent development, it is necessary to use a type of packaging that can be applied as food packaging while still having the durability to meet the feasibility level of the sterilization process. This study aims to identify the character of gudeg packaged with HBRG packaging procedure. In this study, the heat penetration, proximate and metal contamination analysis were done as an initial identification step for the characteristics of the gudeg in HBRG packaging. In this study, two variants of gudeg were made, namely egg gudeg and non-egg gudeg. The results obtained in this study are gudeg products packaged in HBRG packaging with a net product weight of 235 g per package. The lethality value of egg gudeg is 3.51 minutes and 4.94 minutes for non-egg gudeg. The energy value of non-egg gudeg and egg gudeg in HBRG packaging is 149.38 kcal/100g and 160.25 kcal/100g respectively. The metal contamination analysis being done in this study has stated that no heavy metal contamination was detected in all variants of products. HBRG packaging procedure can be applied for gudeg by following food safety requirements.

Sustainable waste management in anaesthesia and critical care

Collaborators: Yorkshire Green Anaesthesia Society, Anaesthetic Audit and Research Matrix of Yorkshire, South Yorkshire Hospitals Audit and Research Collaboration Background: The NHS is responsible for 4% of the UK carbon footprint; waste and water are together responsible for 5% of this. The NHS has set targets to have net zero emissions by 2045.1 Anaesthetists report discarding single-use items from pre-made device insertion packs without having used them, thus identifying a potential waste hotspot that could be tackled to reduce environmental and financial costs. Our aim was to identify whether items are wasted from commonly used pre-made packs in anaesthesia and critical care, and if so, quantify the carbon footprint and financial costs of this waste. Method: All acute hospital Trusts in Yorkshire and Humber were invited to participate. Data were collected for a period of 2 weeks on the items discarded unused from the following premade packs in anaesthesia and critical care: spinal, arterial line, central line, and cannula. Waste hotspots were identified as items most commonly discarded unused across all pack types. One of each of these items was broken down, and the constituent materials were identified and weighed. The weight for each item was multiplied by a conversion factor from the ICE database to calculate their materials’ carbon footprint.2 Results: During the study period, data from 319 pre-made packs were reported across 10 Trusts. All the reported packs included single-use items that were thrown away unused. There was variation in the constituents of each pack, however overall, the following items were most commonly wasted when they were present in a pack; 100% of cannula pack drapes, 90% of disposal bags, 74% of sharps safety disposal mats, 56% of green needles, 56% of 2 ml syringes, 51% of non-woven (white) gauze, 43% of gallipots, 38% of orange needles, 35% of 5 ml syringes, and 16% of woven (green) gauze. The total carbon equivalent of the top nine items thrown away, for which material information was available, was 8.94 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2e). Extrapolated over 1 yr this equates to a CO2e of 232 kg. The total weight of these items was >2 kg, equating to 56 kg unnecessary waste per year. Disposal of these would equate to a carbon cost of a further 20 kg CO2e over a year.3 Conclusion: Device insertion packs are a waste hotspot. The waste identified has environmental, financial, and social impacts. A multidisciplinary approach including healthcare staff, procurement teams, and suppliers is necessary to reduce waste from single-use device insertion packs. This might include exploring reusable options and removing unnecessary items from pre-made packs. 1.NHS. 2020. Delivering a ‘net zero’ national health service. Available from https://www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2020/10/delivering-a-net-zero-national-health-service.pdf (accessed 20/03/23)2.Circular Ecology. 2019. Embodied Carbon – The ICE database. Available from https://circularecology.com/embodied-carbon-footprint-database.html (accessed 20/03/23)3.Rizan C, Bhutta MF, Reed M, Lilywhite R. J Clean Prod 2021; 286: 125446