Types Of Packaging Research Articles

Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean

An antimicrobial consumption (AMC) study was performed in Trinidad and Tobago at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA). A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 November 2021 to 30 March 2022. Dosage and package types of amoxicillin, azithromycin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Consumption was measured using the World Health Organization's Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption Surveillance System methodology version 1.0, as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 population per day (DID). They were also analyzed using the 'Access', 'Watch' and 'Reserve' classifications. In the ERHA, AMC ranged from 6.9 DID to 4.6 DID. With regards to intravenous formulations, the 'Watch' group displayed increased consumption, from 0.160 DID in 2017 to 0.238 DID in 2019, followed by a subsequent drop in consumption with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral co-amoxiclav, oral cefuroxime, oral azithromycin and oral co-trimoxazole were the most highly consumed antibiotics. The hospital started off as the higher consumer of antibiotics, but this changed to the community. The consumption of 'Watch' group antibiotics increased from 2017 to 2021, with a drop in consumption of 'Access' antibiotics and at the onset of COVID-19. Consumption of oral azithromycin was higher in 2021 than 2020.

Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Berbagai Produk Hand Sanitizer terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro

Background: Hand hygiene is very important because human hands are often contaminated with microorganisms, so that it becomes an intermediary for the entry of disease-causing microorganisms into the body, especially Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The use of hand sanitizer has shown an increase in society. Hand sanitizers are available with various types of packaging, dosage forms, variations in the composition of active ingredients and their carriers at quite competitive prices.Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of various hand sanitizers available in the market and their comparison with antiseptic handwash soap.Methods: Antibacterial effectiveness test using the Kirby Bauer method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone produced on Muller Hinton media by diffusion discs tested with four hand sanitizer products available in the market compared with antiseptic hand soap as positive control and akuades as negative control.Results: Various hand sanitizer products containing 70% alcohol showed moderate to strong inhibition against E. coli and S.aureus. Analysis of differences in the activities of various hand sanitizer products using the KruskalWallis non-parametric method showed a difference with p= 0.003 against E. coli and p=0.002 against S.aureus. Alcohol denatures bacterial proteins so that it interferes with the metabolic processes of bacterial cells which causes bacterial cell death.Conclusion: Hand sanitizer is effectively used to inhibit the growth of E. coli and S.aureus bacteria.

Research on the design of green and low-carbon food packaging based on artificial intelligence technology

<p>An economic system focused on low energy usage, low pollution, and low emission is known as a "low-carbon economy". The concept of environmentally friendly and low-carbon food packaging architecture directs practice growth and reform in accordance with the customer's green psychology. As the primary benchmark for packaging concerned with designing practices, it uses the green conceptual design of contemporary eco-environmental preservation and other meaningful reforms. It is significant need to mix people's developed green psychology with this issue in order to discover a solution for green packaging design. The design and use of eco-friendly and low-carbon food packaging is covered in this research. With the implementation of wireless sensor network (WSN) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique, it accomplishes the fusion of market and ecologically responsible design, enhances production effectiveness and product usage. The confidence weight information choice technique is used to determine the type of smart energy-saving packaging, and the fundamental element is that the energy usage vector is formed by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Packaging makers must reevaluate how design and the environment interact, eliminate packaging design pollutants, make environmental protection their top concern, and develop a design idea that complies with ecological ethics for the long-term profit of human survival. Environment, politics, economy, and social factors all play a role in how the food system functions and are influenced by them. Compared to traditional techniques for monitoring the environment We use wireless sensor networks to keep an eye on the agricultural environment because they have three key benefits: (1) There is no need to lay wire; (2) the system is only implemented once; (3) the nodes are dense; (4) collected data has good precision; and (5) sensor nodes with a specific calculation and storage capacity, enabling collaboration among nodes, are perfect for unsupervised monitoring system. The incorporation and handling of product packaging data is made possible by smart packaging technology, which is essential in the creation of low-carbon food packaging and helps</p>

Digital twins for selecting the optimal ventilated strawberry packaging based on the unique hygrothermal conditions of a shipment from farm to retailer

Berries are one of the most challenging products to preserve after harvest due to their high perishability and short shelf life. Ventilated packaging plays a key role in maintaining fruit quality along the supply chain. However, every supply chain is composed of different unit operations, and every shipment encounters unique hygrothermal conditions such as air temperature fluctuations over time, sub-optimal humidity conditions, and the risk of condensation. Therefore, every supply chain has an optimal packaging that provides the best hygrothermal climate and ventilation to the fruit. Given the vast space of potential supply chain scenarios and packaging configurations, in-silico studies are an attractive alternative for selecting this optimal packaging. In this study, we developed physics-based digital twins for ventilated packaging of strawberries. We utilized measured air temperature and humidity data from an actual supply chain from the farm to the retail store. With these digital twins, we mimicked in-silico how the strawberries evolve hygrothermally, physiologically, and microbiologically along the supply chain inside 21 different types of ventilated packaging. We predicted actionable metrics of fruit quality and shelf life for these 21 packages. These metrics include total mass loss, risk of putative mold infection due to Botrytis cinerea, retention time of condensate, and remaining shelf life based on respiration, transpiration, and mold growth. In addition, we analyzed the impact of package-related metrics, such as total vent area, degree of filling, pressure drop across the package, and seven-eighths cooling time, on fruit quality metrics. With this approach, we pinpointed the critical quality loss points in the supply chain for every package. We identified the package that performs best in balancing the three-way trade-off between the respiration-driven biochemical shelf life, transpiration-driven physical shelf life, and mold growth-driven microbial shelf life of fruit. Our findings showed that the performance of open trays is comparable to ventilated clamshells, as long as a high humidity is maintained along the supply chain. Flow-wrapped packages presented the highest risk of condensation and microbial growth. We also quantified the spatial heterogeneity in fruit quality within the packages and highlighted the most vulnerable locations for quality loss inside each packaging type. Our study presents a novel, holistic approach to select the optimal ventilated packaging of strawberries from farm to retailer based on its measured hygrothermal fingerprint. This approach can help reduce food loss and contribute towards making supply chains smart and efficient.

Machine learning approach to packaging compatibility testing in the new product development process

The paper compares the effectiveness of selected machine learning methods as modelling tools supporting the selection of a packaging type in new product development process. The main goal of the developed model is to reduce the risk of failure in compatibility tests which are preformed to ensure safety, durability, and efficacy of the finished product for the entire period of its shelf life and consumer use. This kind of testing is mandatory inter alia for all aerosol packaging as any mechanical alterations of the packaging can cause the pressurized product to unseal and stop working properly. Moreover, aerosol products are classified as dangerous goods and any leaking of the product or propellent can be a serious hazard to the storage place, environment, and final consumer. Thus, basic compatibility observations of metal aerosol packaging (i.e. general corrosion, pitting corrosion, coating blistering or detinning) and different compatibility factors (e.g. formula ingredients, water contamination, pH, package material and coatings) were discussed. Artificial intelligence methods applied in the design process can reduce the lengthy testing time as well as developing costs and help benefit from the knowledge and experience of technologists stored in historical data in databases.

Shelf Life of Aquaponically-grown Finstar Lettuce in Different Oxygen Transmission Rate Films

The effects of oxygen transmission rate of packaging material on the shelf life of aquaponically-grown Finstar lettuce was studied. Parameters of packaging headspace gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations), lettuce pH, percentage weight loss, total aerobic microorganisms, and color were analyzed every ten days for sixty days. Finstar lettuce was stored at 4○C in four different types of packages (treatments), including a clamshell package and three film bags with oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of 3.0-6.0 cc/(m2/24 hr/1 atm), 80-90 cc/(m2/24 hr/1 atm), and >225 cc/(m2/24 hr/1 atm). The percentage weight loss of the 3.0-6.0 OTR package (-0.76-1.05%) was lowest while the percentage weight loss of the clamshell package was highest (0.81-7.72%) among packaging treatments. Nearly ½ of the panelists rated lettuce as fresh enough to eat as is after 50 days of storage in 80-90 cc/(m2/24 hr/1 atm) films while lettuce packaged in the other treatments had less that 1/3 of the panelists judging the lettuce fresh enogh to eat as is. The long shelf-life may be attributed to Finstar having resilient genetic properties along with being greenhouse-grown which lessens the possibility of contamination compared to field-grown lettuces.

Chicken Sperm Cryopreservation: Review of Techniques, Freezing Damage, and Freezability Mechanisms

Ex situ preservation is an important method in the preservation of chickens, and cryopreservation of semen is the only method for gamete preservation at present. During the last two decades, many studies have been performed to develop standard chicken semen cryopreservation technology and achieve great progress. Many attempts and methods were investigated to adapt subspecies or different breeds. In this paper, we firstly reviewed the main factors affecting cryopreservation of chicken sperm, including the unique structure and characteristics of the spermatozoa. Secondly, the studies on key points of the chicken sperm cryopreservation technology, including semen dilution, cryoprotectants, equilibration time, packaging types, and freezing and thawing rates were summarized to generate the optimal parameters. Then, the mechanism underlying freezing damage and freezability revealed by recent omics methods relevant to the efficiency of cryopreservation were discussed. This review will provide relevant reference for the future investigation of poultry semen cryopreservation technology.

Quality Characteristics of Honey Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) with Minimally Processed Based on the Effect of Packaging Type

Fresh fruit that is minimally processed is susceptible to damage due to loss of natural protection, including honey pineapple. One storage technique that can minimize damage to minimally processed fruit is low temperature storage using plastic film packaging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the type of packaging on changes in the quality of minimally processed fruit. Storage was carried out at 5˚C, 10˚C, and 27˚C. The types of packaging used are stretch film (SF) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging. Quality changes observed included weight loss, moisture content, hardness, and total dissolved solids. The results showed that changes in the quality of honey pineapple during storage were influenced by temperature and type of packaging. LDPE packaging is not highly recommended for minimally processed honey pineapple packaging. Based on observations of weight loss, moisture content, hardness, and total dissolved solids, the best packaging for minimally processed honey pineapple storage is stretch film packaging stored at 10˚C.

An Adhesion Improvement of Low-Density Polyethylene to Aluminum through Modification with Functionalized Polymers.

An interfacial adhesion improvement between low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminum (Al) foil is an important challenge in designing multilayered packaging (TetraPak packaging type) due to insufficient inherent adhesion between both untreated materials. Therefore, extra adhesive layers are often used. The hydrophobic character of LDPE is responsible for poor adhesion to Al and can result in delamination. This study deals with the comparative study of the bulk modification of LDPE with various commercially available adhesive promoters with different chemical compositions to increase LDPE's adhesive characteristics and ensure good adhesion in LDPE/Al laminates. A copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid; a terpolymer of ethylene, maleic anhydride, and acrylic ester; or maleated polyethylene (PE) were used as adhesive promoters, and their effect on adhesion improvement of LDPE to Al was investigated. The best adhesion improvement was observed in LDPE-modified samples with maleated PE, while 0.1 wt.% additive content significantly increased peel resistance (from zero to 105 N/m). An additional increase in additive content (0.5 wt.%) in LDPE led to stronger adhesion forces than the cohesion forces in Al foil. Adding 0.5 wt.% of maleated PE into LDPE improved the LDPE/Al laminates' adhesion and can be applied in multilayered lamination applications.

Molecular insights into quality and authentication of sheep meat from proteomics and metabolomics

Sheep meat (encompassing lamb, hogget and mutton) is an important source of animal protein in many countries, with a unique flavour and sensory profile compared to other red meats. Flavour, colour and texture are the key quality attributes contributing to consumer liking of sheep meat. Over the last decades, various factors from ‘farm to fork’, including production system (e.g., age, breed, feeding regimes, sex, pre-slaughter stress, and carcass suspension), post-mortem manipulation and processing (e.g., electrical stimulation, ageing, packaging types, and chilled and frozen storage) have been identified as influencing different aspects of sheep meat quality. However conventional meat-quality assessment tools are not able to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways for quality variations. Advances in broad-based analytical techniques have offered opportunities to obtain deeper insights into the molecular changes of sheep meat which may become biomarkers for specific variations in quality traits and meat authenticity. This review provides an overview on how omics techniques, especially proteomics (including peptidomics) and metabolomics (including lipidomics and volatilomics) are applied to elucidate the variations in sheep meat quality, mainly in loin muscles, focusing on colour, texture and flavour, and as tools for authentication. SignificanceFrom this review, we observed that attempts have been made to utilise proteomics and metabolomics techniques on sheep meat products for elucidating pathways of quality variations due to various factors. For instance, the improvement of colour stability and tenderness could be associated with the changes to glycolysis, energy metabolism and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Several studies identify proteolysis as being important, but potentially conflicting for quality as the enhanced proteolysis improves tenderness and flavour, while reducing colour stability. The use of multiple analytical methods e.g., lipidomics, metabolomics, and volatilomics, detects a wider range of flavour precursors (including both water and lipid soluble compounds) that underlie the possible pathways for sheep meat flavour evolution. The technological advancement in omics (e.g., direct analysis-mass spectrometry) could make analysis of the proteins, lipids and metabolites in sheep meat routine, as well as enhance the confidence in quality determination and molecular-based assurance of meat authenticity.

Recycling of Plastic Food Packages: A Case Study with Finnish University Students

Recycling, depositing, and proper discarding of plastics are significant means to reduce plastics in the environment. The purpose of this study was to monitor both the type and amount of plastic food packages recycled, reused, and discarded in Finnish households with at least one university student. The participating students came from various universities of applied sciences. They participated in courses related to sustainable food systems at Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences. In total, 785 approved participants from 363 households took part in one-week monitoring. The focus was to quantify the number of food packages used and specify how the respondents handled the food packages after use. This study shows that the recycling rate of plastic packages in Finnish households was 61%. Bigger households produce less packaging waste per person than one- or two-person households. Furthermore, the recycling activity in single-person households was lower than for two- and three-person households. The Finnish deposit system for drink packages encourages people to recycle packages. This reduces municipal waste. Recycling requires knowledge of the plastic material used in food packages.

Examining the Optimal Choice of SEM Statistical Software Packages for Sustainable Mathematics Education: A Systematic Review

Intending to analyze structural relationships between measured variables and latent constructs, researchers tend to adopt structural equation modeling (SEM) through either “covariance-based SEM” (CB-SEM) or “variance-based SEM” (VB-SEM)/“partial least squares SEM” (PLS-SEM) by using numerous statistical applications. Nevertheless, the reviews on understanding the optimal choice of proprietary statistical software packages in SEM approaches are scarce despite its immense importance in sustaining education. Therefore, a systematic review would be obligated to scrutinize the empirical studies to fill this gap. By employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 47 publications that met the inclusion criteria were obtained. To extract articles from August 2018 to 2022, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) databases were adopted. The findings imply that six types of proprietary statistical software packages emerged as an optimal choice: Lisrel, Amos, Mplus, SmartPLS, R package (plspm), and WarpPLS. Despite the widespread usage of a variety of statistical applications, SmartPLS and AMOS were rigorously utilized in VB-SEM/PLS-SEM and CB-SEM, respectively. This review is important for practitioners to discover which statistical tools are relevant to use and to identify gaps in order to sustain mathematics education for the future.

Visual Sorting of Express Packages Based on the Multi-Dimensional Fusion Method under Complex Logistics Sorting

Visual sorting of express packages is faced with many problems such as the various types, complex status, and the changeable detection environment, resulting in low sorting efficiency. In order to improve the sorting efficiency of packages under complex logistics sorting, a multi-dimensional fusion method (MDFM) for visual sorting in actual complex scenes is proposed. In MDFM, the Mask R-CNN is designed and applied to detect and recognize different kinds of express packages in complex scenes. Combined with the boundary information of 2D instance segmentation from Mask R-CNN, the 3D point cloud data of grasping surface is accurately filtered and fitted to determining the optimal grasping position and sorting vector. The images of box, bag, and envelope, which are the most common types of express packages in logistics transportation, are collected and the dataset is made. The experiments with Mask R-CNN and robot sorting were carried out. The results show that Mask R-CNN achieves better results in object detection and instance segmentation on the express packages, and the robot sorting success rate by the MDFM reaches 97.2%, improving 2.9, 7.5, and 8.0 percentage points, respectively, compared to baseline methods. The MDFM is suitable for complex and diverse actual logistics sorting scenes, and improves the efficiency of logistics sorting, which has great application value.

PREFERENSI KONSUMEN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOCHI LAMPION BERDASARKAN VARIAN RASA DAN KEMASAN (Suatu Kasus pada Konsumen di Toko Mochi Lampion Kecamatan Cikole, Kota Sukabumi)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of variations in taste and packaging on purchasing decisions for Mochi Lantern cakes. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with descriptive analysis. Data collection was carried out using direct interview methods from respondents who were in the field using a questionnaire. Attributes observed in this study were flavor variants and types of packaging. The questionnaire proposed was first tested using validity and reliability tests. Descriptive analysis of respondents' characteristics and consumption behavior, preference for Mochi Lantern products such as flavor variants and types of packaging, as well as characteristics of Mochi Lantern products, these are taken into account when consumers make purchasing decisions and are analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that the flavor variant had a positive and significant indirect effect on the purchasing decision of Mochi Lanterns in the city of Sukabumi. Flavor variants indirectly have a positive effect on purchasing decisions through packaging variables, and have a direct positive effect on purchasing decisions on taste diversification. The more and higher the buyer's decision to purchase flavor variants, the greater the packaging variable in purchasing Mochi Lanterns in Sukabumi City.

Penerapan Metode Weight Product (WP) untuk Rekomendasi Pemilihan Jasa Paket Laundry Terbaik

Laundy is an activity of washing clothes or the like at the same time and place in one place. The author takes samples to select package services from one of the shops or laundry businesses, namely dry regular, dry medium and dry express which customers can choose from with differences in turnaround time, weight and price, and can help laundry shop owners find out the type of packages that are often chosen by customers and can make it easier for shop owners to find out the results of sales transactions and reports. To understand this, we need a recommendation system that can help customers and laundry shop owners according to what the author wants. Here the author uses the Product Weight method to find alternative values ​​or the best results using several calculation formulas and gets a result of 0.335 on R2, namely Dry Medium with price criteria, completion time and weight

Modified Compression Test of Corrugated Board Fruit Tray: Numerical Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis.

This article presents a modified configuration of the box compression test (BCT), which reflects the actual behavior of the vegetable or fruit trays during transport and storage. In traditional load capacity tests, trays are treated as classic transport boxes, i.e., they are compressed between two rigid plates, which does not take into account the specific geometry of this type of packaging. Both the boundary conditions and the loads acting on the tray were modified. The paper presents the concept of a new test, as well as numerical models and a sensitivity analysis of the modified BCT to the basic geometrical dimensions of the tray. The conducted research clearly shows that the proposed configuration of the load-bearing capacity test of a tray is closer to the actual operation of the packaging. As a result, most of the parameters that are not active under the conditions of the classical BCT become more important in the new configuration, which corresponds to the observations on the real performance of the packaging.

Evaluation of trace metallic element levels in coffee by icp-ms: a comparative study among different origins, forms, and packaging types and consumer risk assessment.

Trace elements (TE) contamination of foods and beverages constitutes a public health issue. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine metals and metalloids content in coffee and to assess the health risks associated with contaminated coffee consumption. To this end, 44 samples of coffee from different origins, forms, and packaging types were analyzed. TE analysis was performed by ICP-MS after digestion. The data analysis was based on principal components analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Health risk assessment was determined by the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI). The findings showed that TE levels in coffee varied widely. The highest levels were related to aluminum (Al) (59.88 ± 54.86 mg/kg), manganese (Mn) (16.26 ± 24.59 mg/kg), copper (Cu) (11.60 ± 11.55 mg/kg), and cadmium (Cd) (9.92 ± 10.32 mg/kg). In terms of coffee form and packaging type, a significant difference (P < 0.0001) was observed in nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), Cu, Mn, and Al content. The highest EDI was found in Al (0.0109 mg/kg BW/day) in ground coffee packaged in capsules. In terms of chronic daily intake (CDI), Cd and Al were above the reference dose (RfD). THQ of these elements were greater than 1.0, and HI was above the value of 1.0 in different forms of coffee. More interdisciplinary research on the relationships between the metal concentrations in coffee samples and those in feed, water, and soil would be quite interesting.

Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Agro-Industrial Residues: Studies on Microbial Contamination and Shelf-Life Prediction under Different Packaging Types and Storage Temperatures.

The short shelf-life of mushrooms, due to water loss and microbial spoilage, is the main constraint for commercialization and consumption. The effect of substrate type combined with different temperatures and packaging conditions on the shelf-life of fresh Pleurotus ostreatus is scantily researched. The current study investigated the shelf-life of fresh oyster mushrooms grown on low (0.3, 0.3, 0.17) and high (0.7, 0.7, 0.33) rates of olive pruning residues (OLPR), spent coffee grounds (SCG), and both combined residues (OLPR/SCG) with wheat straw (WS), respectively, at ambient (20 °C) and 4 °C temperatures under no packaging, polyethylene plastic bag packaging (PBP), and polypropylene vacuum bag packaging (VBP). Results showed that at ambient temperature OLPR/SCG mushrooms PBP-bagged had an increased shelf-life by 0.5-1.2 days in comparison with WS ones. The predictive models adopted to optimize mushroom shelf-life at ambient temperature set rates of 0.289 and 0.303 of OLPR and OLPR/SCG, respectively, and PBP as the most suitable conditions (9.18 and 9.14 days, respectively). At 4 °C, OLPR/SCG mushrooms VBP-bagged had a longer shelf-life of 2.6-4.4 days compared to WS ones. Predictive models noted a maximized shelf-life of VBP-bagged mushrooms (26.26 days) when a rate of 0.22 OLPR/SCG is incorporated into the initial substrate. The combination of OLPR and SCG increased the shelf-life of fresh Pleurotus ostreatus by decreasing the total microbial count (TMC) while delaying weight loss and veil opening, and maintaining carbohydrate content, good firmness, and considerable protein, in comparison with WS regardless the storage temperature and packaging type.

Drug Discoveries and Packaging Challenges

Presently Packaging plays, a significant role for drug discoveries. The process of selecting materials and the type of packaging also offers an opportunity for the Packaging scientist to look for biological delivery choices. Most injectable protein products were supplied in some sort of glass vial, prefilled syringe, cartridge. Those products having high Ph content there is a chance of “delamination “from inner surface of glass vial. With protein-based drugs, the biggest issue is the effect of packaging derivatives on the protein’s three- dimensional and surface structure. These are any effects that relate to denaturation or aggregation of the protein due to oxidation or interactions from contaminants or impurities in the preparation. The potential for these effects needs to be carefully considered in choosing the container and the container closure system to avoid putting patients in jeopardy

The Concept of Waste Management on Economic Development in the European Union

This study aims to analyze whether the circular economy variables which include per capita municipal waste production, municipal waste recycling rate, packaging waste recycling rate by type of packaging, bio-waste recycling, and e-waste recycling rates have an effect on economic development. measured by GDP per capita (Gross Domestic Product) in European Union countries. The methodology in this study uses panel data with estimates using the common effect model, fixed effect model, random effect model and uses the best testing method, namely the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange multiplier tests in 28 countries in the European Union for the period 2000-2020. The results showed that the final model used was the fixed effect model. Overall the concept of a circular economy which includes the level of recycling of municipal waste, the level of recycling of packaging waste by type of packaging, recycling of bio-waste, recycling of e-waste and added value in the Euro currency has a significant and positive effect on economic development as measured through per capita income, while waste production per capita is inversely proportional to that it has no significant and positive effect on economic development in European Union countries. It can be concluded that the application of the circular economy concept can ensure economic growth while reducing the use of natural resources and ensuring great environmental protection.