Types Of Packaging Research Articles

Effects of Different Packaging Methods on the Shelf Life of Cashew Nuts and Kernels

Cashew, Anacadium occidentale is a nut crop considered essential simply because it provides food and employment to millions of people in developing nations. It is cultivated mainly for its nut; a very important export commodity. Dried cashew nuts and kernels that are improperly packaged and stored are prone to spoilage and rejections both in local and export markets. This study was conducted to assess the effects of different packaging methods on the quality of cashew nuts and kernel. Two hundred (200) kg of cashew nuts were procured each, from four states, Oyo and Osun (Southwest); Kwara and Kogi (North Central) Nigeria. The nuts were dried using parabolic solar dryer fixed with data logger for three days. One kg sample in three replicates was taken from each State’s lot and analyzed for initial quality parameters using Nut count (NC) and Kernel Output Ratio methods (KOR). Two hundred kilograms kg of dried raw cashew nut (RCN) (10% MC) taken from 50 kg each from across the States were thoroughly mixed and divided into two lots of 100 kg each. The first lot of 100 kg was processed into kernels (PCK) while the remaining 100 kg was used for RCN storage studies. Physical, chemical microbiological and entomological analyses were evaluated on RCN and PCK at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. RCN was stored using three different types of packaging; Jute bag, paper-lined jute bag and paper-lined carton, while cashew kernels (PCK) were stored using five different types of packaging methods; Polythene, Polythene lined polypropylene, paper lined polyethylene, polythene lined carton and paper lined carton. Paper lined jute bag was the best packaging method for nut storage while, polythene lined polypropylene was the best for kernel storage. Cashew kernels are easily stored in smaller spaces than the nut (ratio 1:5).

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This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the implicit values for various olive oil attributes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A hedonic price model was applied to examine 558 olive oil samples taken from nine hypermarkets with different olive oil brands. The attributes under consideration include the package size, extra virgin label, level of acidity, organic certification, purity, country of origin, place of retail market, and packaging type. Results show agreement between signs and magnitudes for the implicit values for the most attributes. The significant attributes of olive oil identified in this study are package size, level of acidity, and variables describing the country of origin, place of retail market, and packaging type. The results reveal a negative relationship between (i) the price and the size of container and (ii) the price and the level of acidity for olive oil. Furthermore, olive oil products with organic and pure label have a higher price compared to those without them. The country of origin and the type of packaging may also influence the olive oil price

Effect of various packaging on the quality of Gayo arabica coffee processed using full-washed method

Gayo Arabica coffee is known as one of the best quality coffees in the world. This study examined physical and chemical properties of Gayo Arabica coffee which was processed using the full-washed method after being stored for 4 months in several types of packaging (Grain Pro, Aluminum Foil, Plastic sack, Cloth sack, and Ramie sack). The parameters analyzed were moisture content, ash content, lipid content, protein content, caffeine content, total phenol, pH along with color and specific volume. After being stored for 4 months at room temperature, different type of packaging gave a significant effect on moisture, ash, lipid, protein, caffeine, total phenol and pH of the coffee. In addition, various packaging carried out in this experiment did not change the color and specific volume of the bean. Coffee plantations in Indonesia are very wide, so that the plants will certainly have a positive impact on the surrounding environment and support biodiversity. Further research is continued by extending stored period of the green bean and knowing the impact of packaging on the coffee quality.

Quantification of Ochratoxin A in 90 spice and herb samples using the ELISA method.

This study addressed the challenge of accurately detecting mycotoxins in herbs and spices, which have gained popularity as alternative medicines but pose health risks due to potential contamination. We used a competitive direct ELISA kit (Art No. 8610), Veratox for Ochratoxin, to quantify Ochratoxin A in the herb and spice samples. The samples were first prepared using solid-liquid extraction with 70% methanol. The resulting filtrate was then subjected to ELISA analysis. The results of the analysis were then further analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). In this study, PCA was used to classify the concentration levels of Ochratoxin A based on various factors, such as the packaging type, country of origin, shelf life, and sample weight. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values indicate the lowest amount of Ochratoxin A that can be detected and quantified, respectively, with high accuracy and precision. The range of the LOD and LOQ values (0.43-0.58 µg/kg and 1.45-1.95 µg/kg, respectively) suggests that the method used was capable of detecting and quantifying Ochratoxin A in the herb and spice samples at different concentrations with a high degree of accuracy and precision. These results suggest that while most of the samples (73.33%) were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) for Ochratoxin A, a significant number of samples (26.67%) had concentrations of Ochratoxin A that were higher than the MRL. This highlights the importance of monitoring Ochratoxin A in herb and spice samples and ensuring the products are safe for consumption.

A new method for preventing stress cracking in repairable ceramic packages by changing the sealing ring shape

High-reliable ceramic packages are impressionable to the parallel seam welding (PSW) parameters leading to low yield and reliability. In this study, the structure of the ceramic package was modified by changing the sealing ring to improve weldability and high-temperature reliability. Three types of ceramic packages with different-shaped sealing rings, which are conventional rectangular rings, notch inward rings, and notch outward rings, were fabricated by Au-Sn soldering and a follow-up PSW process. The packages with the rectangular ring failed in the subsequent high-temperature aging test. The packages with the notch inward ring exhibited an early failure after PSW. Cracks were generated in the Au-Sn solder and propagated into the ceramic substrate. The packages with the notch outward ring exhibited remarkable weldability and reliability. Sequential thermo-structural coupling was used to simulate the temperature and stress distribution in the packages. The maximum principal stress in the aforementioned ceramic substrates rapidly increased to approximately 170.0 MPa, 168.5 MPa and 101.4 MPa in the PSW process. Stress concentration existed at the outside corner around the rectangular and notch inward-shaped sealing rings. The maximum temperature at the local position in the ceramic was raised to 250.3 °C, 238.6 °C and 157.2 °C depending on the shape of the sealing ring. The extra transmission path in the notch outward ring relieved thermal mismatch and deformation at the Au-Sn/ceramic interface during PSW. The packages with notch outward rings were recommended especially in the repairable ceramic packaging.

Characteristics of sago and pectin edible film with the addition of chitosan and its use in hard candy wrappers

Biodegradable packaging is currently indispensable to reducing the use of plastics. The edible film is a type of food packaging that is safe, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the characteristics of edible films of sago and pectin with different concentrations of chitosan. Comparison of sago and pectin (2:1) with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% of chitosan concentrations and 1% w/w and 1% glycerol b/v in each treatment. Observations were made on the solubility of the film, thickness, elongation, tensile strength, and color. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of chitosan affected the thickness and color of the edible film but not elongation, tensile strength, and solubility. The best treatment was found at a concentration of 1% chitosan resulting in a film thickness of 0.115 mm, yellowish white color with a value of 6, a solubility of 98.80%, elongation of 5.75%, and tensile strength of 24.84 KPa. Edible film as a hard candy wrapper can reduce hygroscopic properties by 7.58% per hour.

Modyfikacja właściwości filtracyjnych ośrodków porowatych z wykorzystaniem micelarnej cieczy zabiegowej Multizol

The need for the modification of filtration properties of rock media (most frequently porous rocks) appears frequently, e.g., in hydrocarbon exploitation. Exploitation of crude oil and natural gas is frequently accompanied by an excessive and uncontrolled inflow of reservoir water to the production well, which often results in a significant reduction of hydrocarbon production in the late period of reservoir exploitation. The control of water inflow, through modification treatments of rock filtration properties of the near wellbore zone, is the solution to this problem. The use of dedicated treatment fluids is the basis of such success, which, after the injection and change of original physicochemical properties, create local insulation barriers, enabling the control of the flow of fluids in the geological formation. This paper presents the results of the laboratory assessment of the technological effectiveness of Multizol micellar treatment fluid, which is used for selective blocking of the reservoir water inflow to gas wells. Tests performed, at a preliminary stage, comprised the development of a procedure, the obtaining of samples of the treatment fluid, and the performance of flow tests in test glass tubes, which allow for a swift determination of the technological range of the fluid's capability to form gel and emulsion. Flood tests were the main element of testing, related to the measurement of pressure drops of fluids flowing through the sample under the simulated reservoir conditions. The tests were carried out using two types of media, porous rocks (Szydłowiec sandstone) and sand packs. The determination of the modification degree of filtration properties, both in individual zones and in the entire sample/model, was based on the value of the FRR (Residual Resistance Factor) coefficient, being the measure of their permeability reduction. Two types of tests were performed to assess the effect of Multizol treatment fluid on the initial filtration properties of gas and water-bearing zones.

Endocrine Disruptive Effects of Bisphenol A on Human

Given its widespread use in food packaging and other types of plastic packaging, bisphenol A is a common toxin that people come into contact with on a daily basis. Since it was first discovered to be a prevalent toxin many years ago, bisphenol A has been shown to be present in more than 90% of people. This review's primary goal is to draw the conclusion that BPA, one of the endocrine disruptors, negatively affects human neurological, reproductive, and growth systems. BPA exposure has also been linked to memory loss, impaired reproductive function, and permanent impacts on fetal growth. Further study is required to determine whether BPA has detrimental effects on the development and growth of humans. This study focuses on the three primary effects BPA has on people, suggests caution when using products containing BPA, especially for expectant mothers, and calls for more BPA research to determine the full extent of the risks BPA poses to people and to develop healthier products designs.

Determination of melamine contamination in milk with various packaging: a risk assessment study.

Melamine is one type of monomer used as starting substance in manufacturing packaging lining in many countries worldwide. Environmental and food contamination is an issue constantly discussed. In the present study, the melamine content in milk samples with three package types was measured by HPLC/UV. Melamine is not a lipophilic compound. Therefore, the selected samples were low-fat milk. The melamine content in various packaged milk, including packet, polyethylene bags, and plastic packaging, is 790 ± 39.8, 50.7 ± 13, and 57.7 ± 24.54ppb, respectively. According to the existing standards, the measured values in all the milk samples were lower than the permitted limits. The risk assessment for adults and children showed that the HQ value for both age groups was less than 1. Therefore, milk consumption will not pose a health risk in terms of contamination with melamine.

Machine-Learning-Based Spectroscopic Technique for Non-Destructive Estimation of Shelf Life and Quality of Fresh Fruits Packaged under Modified Atmospheres

The safety and quality of fresh fruits deserve the greatest attention, and are a priority for producers and consumers alike. Modern technologies are crucial to accurately estimating and predicting fresh fruits’ quality and shelf life, to optimize supply chain management. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an essential method that maintains quality parameters and increases the shelf life of fresh fruits by reducing their ripening rates. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective, non-destructive technique using tiny machine learning (TinyML) and a multispectral sensor to predict/estimate the quality parameters and shelf life of packaged fresh dates under the natural atmosphere (Control), vacuum-sealed bags (VSBs), and MAP with different gas combinations: 20% CO2 + N balance (MAP1), and 20% CO2 + 10% O2 + N balance (MAP2). The shelf life and quality parameters of the packaged fresh dates (pH, total soluble solids (TSSs), sugar content (SC), moisture content (MC), and tannin content (TC)) were evaluated under different storage temperatures and times. A multispectral sensor (AS7265x) was utilized to correlate the fruit quality parameters with spectrum analysis under the same storage conditions, to prepare the dataset to train the prediction models. The prediction models were trained in the Edge Impulse Platform, and deployed to an Arduino Nano 33 BLE sense microcontroller unit (MCU) for inference. The findings indicated that the vacuum and MAP1 efficiently increased the shelf life and maintained the quality parameters of the packaged fresh fruit to 43 ± 2.39 and 39 ± 3.34 days, respectively, at 5 °C. The optimal neural network consisted of the input layer with 20 nodes (the packaging type, storage temperature, and 18 channels of the spectral sensor data at 410 to 940 nm wavelengths), two hidden layers with 20 and 12 nodes, and an output layer with one node for the target quality parameter or shelf life. These optimal prediction models efficiently predicted the shelf life with R2 = 0.951, pH with R2 = 0.854, TSSs with R2 = 0.893, SC with R2 = 0.881, MC with R2 = 0.941, and TC with R2 = 0.909. The evaluation of the developed prediction models under each packaging condition indicated that these models serve as powerful tools for accurately predicting fruit quality parameters, and estimating the shelf life of fresh dates.

Training and Accompaniment Innovation Product Superior and Marketing

Collaboration between the Office of Cooperatives and Micro and Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with STIE Nganjuk and Griya Batik Sri Rahayu played a very important role in supporting the economic development of Bulu Putren, Putren Village, Nganjuk District Nganjuk Regency. Batik and eco print SMEs are currently the leading products in Bulu Putren, Putren Village, and have prospects very good. The problems main which Become inhibitor developmentof SMEs batik and eco print are in the field of human resources. Because looking for human resources that are tenacious, skilled, and following the field difficult in an era now. Solution solving problem carried out in community service, namely to fulfill the need to increase human resources, is to recruit people who are already skilled from training that has been done, besides that too can conduct independent training for prospective employees if they do not know the world of batik and eco print. Apart from that, what this community service can do is to innovate products and product diversification, provide equipment assistance that supports the production process, for product results will for sale so that more interesting, and practice development sale and promotion which is effective through offline marketing by selling at bazaar stands when there are exhibitions and can also be done online through some media social like Instagram, Facebook, and Marketplaces other. Results after training and assistance show that there are additional variations in the type of product and packaging that can be directly obtained from Upgrade sales turnover.

A Novel Two-Stage Induced Deep Learning System for Classifying Similar Drugs with Diverse Packaging.

Dispensing errors play a crucial role in various medical errors, unfortunately emerging as the third leading cause of death in the United States. This alarming statistic has spurred the World Health Organization (WHO) into action, leading to the initiation of the Medication Without Harm Campaign. The primary objective of this campaign is to prevent dispensing errors from occurring and ensure patient safety. Due to the rapid development of deep learning technology, there has been a significant increase in the development of automatic dispensing systems based on deep learning classification to avoid dispensing errors. However, most previous studies have focused on developing deep learning classification systems for unpackaged pills or drugs with the same type of packaging. However, in the actual dispensing process, thousands of similar drugs with diverse packaging within a healthcare facility greatly increase the risk of dispensing errors. In this study, we proposed a novel two-stage induced deep learning (TSIDL)-based system to classify similar drugs with diverse packaging efficiently. The results demonstrate that the proposed TSIDL method outperforms state-of-the-art CNN models in all classification metrics. It achieved a state-of-the-art classification accuracy of 99.39%. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that the TSIDL method achieved an inference time of only 3.12 ms per image. These results highlight the potential of real-time classification for similar drugs with diverse packaging and their applications in future dispensing systems, which can prevent dispensing errors from occurring and ensure patient safety efficiently.

PAHs, Physicochemical and Microbiological Analyses of Trout Processed by Traditional Smoking, in Different Types of Packaging

Smoking represents one of the oldest thermic processing methods of fish, and it was originally used to preserve fish for later meals, delaying spoiling. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and microbiological safety and quality of two traditionally smoked trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salvelinus fontinalis). We analyzed the effect of trout processed by traditional smoking, characterizing the samples according to the relationships existing between classical microbial analysis, physicochemical parameters, and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The microbial activity of the smoked fish was very low. Although traditional smoking implies high temperatures and direct exposure to the smoke, Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene compounds had undetectable levels in the samples. The products obtained in this study did not exceed the maximum values imposed by EU legislation regarding the TVB-N values during the 30 days of the experiment. We conclude that traditionally smoked trout has many advantages in terms of quality and safety of the products. Thus, the obtained products are safe for consumption for at least 30 days after processing.

Estimation of Edamame Flour Shelf Life Using the Critical Moisture Approach

This research aimed to estimate the shelf life of edamame flour products using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) with the critical moisture content approach in various types of packaging. This research was conducted in two stages, the first stage was in the process of making flour, then the second stage was estimating the shelf life. Shelf life estimation was carried out with two repetitions on three different types of packaging materials, those are polypropylene plastic, metalized plastic and aluminum foil. Then the data obtained will be analyzed utilizing simple linear regression using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results of estimating shelf life using the critical moisture content approach, it can be seen that edamame flour with polypropylene plastic packaging has a shelf life of 172 days, metalized plastic packaging has a shelf life of 585 days, and aluminum foil packaging has a shelf life of 229 days. Based on research results, it can be seen that the critical moisture content affects the shelf life of edamame flour and the best packaging for storing edamame flour is using metalized plastic packaging.

Nutritional aspects of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in Turkey.

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in the variety and consumption of commercial infant and toddler food products. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional profiles of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the nutritional composition of products available at in-store and online supermarkets in Turkey was derived from the nutritional information panel on the product label or information provided on manufacturer websites in March 2023. The targeted age group, package type, serving size, ingredients list, and nutrition information (energy [kcal], protein [g], total fat [g], carbohydrate [g], dietary fiber [g], total sugar [g], and sodium [mg] per 100 g) were recorded. Results: Of the 189 products identified, more than 90% (n = 47) of the first foods were fruit-based, while 2% (n = 4) contained only vegetables. Almost half of the products (n = 89, 49%) contained added sugar or sweeteners, 41 (22%) had added sugar, and 1 in 3 products (n = 68, 36%) had sugar from fruit-based sources. One in 10 products (n = 18, 9.5%) contained added salt while 40% of the products (n = 76) were above the WHO Europe sodium standards. Almost half of the products (n = 6, 46%) targeting the 12 months older age group were pureed foods using squeeze pouch packaging. Conclusions: The majority of commercial infant and toddler food products did not adhere to nutrition guidelines. There is a need for stronger composition standards for commercial infant and toddler food products by reducing sugar and sodium content, reducing the use of fruits and sweet vegetables, and increasing the variety of products containing different types of vegetables.

Effect of Packaging type on the Quality of Tomato Dodol During Storage

This study discusses the effect of the type of packaging on the quality of Tomato Dodol during storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of packaging on the quality of tomato lunkhead during storage using different types of packaging, namely plastic, corn husks, and wax paper. This type of research is pure experimental research using a completely randomized design (CRD) method and three repetitions. the data was analyzed using ANOVA, if Fcount > Ftable then the test will be continuedDuncan. The results of the study showed that the average was almost the same for each treatment and there was no significant effect on the use of the type of packaging, both in terms of shape, texture and color quality. There was no significant difference in the quality of the aroma on the first and fifth days for the three types of packaging, but on the eighth day the corn husk husks (X2) had an effect on the quality of the aroma, with an average value of 1 category without tomato flavor. and packaging with the best aroma was produced by plastic (X1) with an average of 3.13 in the tomato flavored category. then on the taste quality, the packaging did not affect the tomato dodol on the first and fifth days while on the eighth day the type of packaging that had an effect was corn husks with an average value of 0. on the eighth day of storage the tomato dodol packaged corn husks could no longer be consumed. From the overall average the best type of packaging that can maintain the quality of tomato lunkhead during storage is plastic packaging (X1)

Integration of Customer Needs in Sativa Mouthwash Design With Quality Function Development (QFD) Approach

Public awareness of oral-hygiene and health has influenced the increase demand for mouthwash products. To support the green innovation program, a mouthwash made from herbs and halal is needed. Sativa mouthwash is an innovative product using 3% Nigella Sativa extract. The QFD method is used as an evaluation of the productivity of Sativa mouthwash through the preparation of the HoQ matrix. It shows the level of connectedness between Customer and Technical Importance to get priority on the main technical interests that must be carried out immediately by the production company. The results of HoQ matrix calculation shows the highest-ranking attributes of the product is Nigella Sativa content, Raw Material Management, and Halal Label Design. The technical priority to achieve the customer interest attributes is packaging type. This means that the attributes of adding and processing Nigella Sativa ingredients that are right and labelled as halal have unique characteristics that greatly affect the sales productivity of Sativa Mouth Wash products. However, on the attribute of the type of packaging, Sativa Mouth Wash has not yet produced in sachets or small bottles which provide convenience and practicality that is needed by the customers

Pengembangan UMKM Rengginang di Desa Sukakarya Kecamatan Megamendung Kabupaten Bogor melalui Pelatihan Sanitasi, Inovasi Kemasan, dan Digital Marketing

The existence of UMKM in the midst of society has a positive impact on their survival, especially at the economic level. To be able to continue to survive and compete, innovations are needed. One of the efforts made is to innovate the product. Products that were originally packaged simply is innovated into more modern packaging with attractive designs and brands. This is supported by a digital marketing system so that products can be known more widely. In addition, the quality and cleanliness of the product need to be considered to prevent and avoid contamination. The activities carried out were divided into three sessions, the first session on sanitation, the second session on product innovation which includes labeling and packaging, and the last session on digital marketing. The results of the discussion showed that the type of packaging used in the form of a standing pouch with the trademark "Hampleu" and label design was obtained from 38 of the 49 voting results. Digital marketing that is implemented utilizes public platforms, namely Instagram, Facebook and Shopee. The risk of contamination in products is avoided by reviewing related sciences and starting to apply them by washing hands, wearing gloves, and masks.

The impact of nasal packing on skull base reconstruction and quality-of-life outcomes following endoscopic skull base surgery.

Nasal packing type was not associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks Nondissolvable packing conferred an increased risk for postoperative sinonasal infections Nasal packing type did not influence short- and long-term quality-of-life scores.

Study on the performance of a new type of combined packing biofilm reactor treating wastewater

ABSTRACT The present work investigates the performance of a biofilm reactor filled with a new type of combined packing used to treat wastewater and explores a new technology approach for the application of coral sand and waste non-woven fabric. The combined packing was made of coral sand and waste non-woven fabric, which was used as a biofilm carrier to treat sewage. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD, NH4 +-N and TN in the biofilm reactor containing the combined packing were 92.9%, 72.9% and 63.2%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of COD, NH4 +-N and TN in the biofilm reactor containing single packing were 89.0%, 63.4% and 55.2%, respectively. The properties of the combined packing were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), specific surface area, SEM and dehydrogenase activity. Infrared analysis showed that there were hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups on the surface of coral sand and non-woven fabric which were beneficial for biofilm growth and wastewater treatment. The large pores in the interior of coral sand and non-woven fabric could provide a comfortable environment for microbes to grow and reproduce. The dehydrogenase activity of the biofilm on the surface of coral sand in the third biofilm reactor was 49.91 μgTF·g−1·h−1, which was significantly higher than that of the other two biofilm reactors. The new type of combined packing is suitable for biofilm carriers with low cost, which can be applied to actual sewage treatment projects. This study provides a reference for the practical application of the technique.