Translation Of Scientific Texts Research Articles

Translation of Scientific Texts into English as Intercultural Mediation

With English functioning as a lingua franca in the academic world, many non-Anglophone scholars wish to publish their articles in English-medium international journals and seek professional assistance with translating them into English. Translators facing this task may encounter several issues stemming from cross-cultural differences in the style and structure of academic texts. While linguistic errors alone rarely result in rejections, deviations from Anglo–American conventions in scientific writing may even lead to the reviewers questioning the author’s competence as a scientist. For example, there are significant differences between two intellectual traditions: Teutonic, which has influenced the Polish style of academic communication, and Saxonic, which has shaped Anglo–American standards. As a result, introductions written by Polish scholars often do not meet the requirements of English-medium international journals. This may inadvertently place Polish authors in a disadvantaged position. It is therefore important that translators should know how to approach these differences when they encounter them. Drawing on existing literature, this paper calls for an inquiry into the role of the translator in these circumstances, including the scope of their responsibilities and strategies for dealing with potential problems.

The Use of Category Shifts in the Translation of Scientific Texts

The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the utilization of category shifts in the process of translating two scientific texts: The Science Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained by John Farndon and Spaceflight: A Concise History by Michael J. Neufeld. The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What are the types of category shifts used by Arab translators to translate scientific texts into Arabic, and 2) To what extent do the translations convey the intended meaning of the source texts and bridge the linguistic gap between the two languages (English and Arabic). The research draws on Catford's (1965) classification of category shifts. It adopted a qualitative approach in analyzing each instance of shifts that corresponds to a particular type of category shifts. The findings of the study revealed that four types of category shifts were used by Arab translators to translate the scientific texts from English into Arabic. It was also found that the use of these shifts was governed by the huge linguistic gap between the two languages. The results of this research should contribute to the growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of specialized translation. In fact, so far, very little attention has been paid to the utilization of shifts in Scientific texts. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on shift in translation by unveiling the linguistic problem that arise during the translation of scientific texts and their impact on the translators' choices, especially in Arabic context.

Features of Translating Scientific Texts into English

The theoretical significance lies in the fact that the article makes a certain contribution to the development of theoretical and practical aspects of translating humanitarian texts in the scientific style. The research aimed to address the following specific tasks, namely, to consider ways to achieve equivalence and adequacy in the translation of scientific texts in the humanities. An equally important task was to show and analyze translation transformations, in particular the methods of translating metonymies, abbreviations, metaphors, and phraseological units. It was noted that the difficulty in translation was caused by non-equivalent words, terms, and phrases, for which it was necessary to find a counterpart in the target language or at least to convey the meaning of the word so that the foreign reader could understand what was being said. The exact genre of the text was explained by the fact that, at first glance, the text is not a scientific one. It is noteworthy, that firstly, it is a text in the field of foreign language teaching, and secondly, it contains stylistic techniques, metaphors, metonymies, and phraseological units that are not typical of the scientific style of the Ukrainian language. In English, this is permitted. There is a problem with choosing the most appropriate translation technique for conveying the stylistic, lexical, and grammatical features of the text. The analysis of translation in the humanities has led to the following conclusions. Professional translation requires a good knowledge of the field of activity in which the translation is to be performed. Equally important is the knowledge of the source language and the ability to express one's thoughts competently in the target language. Moreover, when translating humanitarian texts, adequate, descriptive, metonymic, metaphorical, antonymic, and substitutional translations are often used. Accuracy, brevity, conciseness, clarity, literary quality, and equivalence are the main requirements for translating scientific humanitarian texts.

An Error Analysis on Tense and Aspect Shifts in Students’ Chinese-English Translation

Translation of scientific texts has been regarded as having the least freedom and variety in rendition; however, inconsistencies occur when translators work with two language systems that differ in reference to time, such as between Chinese and English. Tense is one of the core components of English grammar, but such information is not apparent in Chinese because the Chinese language tends to express time with lexical items in context instead of adding morphological changes to the verbs. The present study collected Chinese-English translated texts from graduate students on topics in the popular science domain. Analyses were conducted by comparing the tense information in the source text and the tense rendered in the target text on a sentence-by-sentence basis. The results showed that while the source text in Chinese stayed in the present tense, the students tended to switch from the present tense to the future or past tense during translation. In particular, the Chinese word “hui” has a habitual meaning that usually describes facts instead of presenting a future tense in scientific texts, but the students tended to interpret it as a future tense word, thus producing inappropriate tense shifts during translation. The pedagogical implication of such findings on inconsistent tenses between the source and target texts suggests that in the teaching of translation, analysis of the tense structure of the Chinese text and the consistency of tense information rendered in English should be emphasized.

Skills as an objective point of teaching translation

Problem. The article deals with the issue of formation of university students’ translation skills. Such types of translation as oral interpretation, written translation and abstract translation are considered in their difference. The mechanisms of translation are described including perception and analysis of information, short-term storage memory, search for translation solutions, assessment of the correctness etc. The article considers the mistakes in the process of conveying the meaning of the original text like distortions, inaccuracies or indistinctness as well as searching for optimal version of translation and finding the optimal translation solution, analysis of translation options, paraphrasing as a way to an optimal translation solution, possibility of descriptive, tracing or approximate translation. The article analyses such difficulties as fake friends of the translator, polysemantic words, non-equivalent vocabulary and the ways for the students to deal with them. It also emphasizes the increasing demand for translators who have knowledge about international requirements for modern scientific discourse as our country is in the process of integrating in the European space including scientific one, which presupposes participation in symposiums, conferences, writing articles in foreign languages. Methodology. The purpose and specificity of the study determined the use of the method of description with elements of comparative analysis for a comprehensive coverage of the issue. Results. Learning written translation using authentic material is no problem nowadays. The article showed the cornerstones of the translation teaching process. Originality. The article goes into specific features that can appear even in familiar topics, which removes certain difficulties in understanding the meaning and gives possibility to concentrate on the linguistic aspect of translation. Formation of competence in translation of scientific texts is a good basis for mastering the translation of the texts from the other industries and spheres of human activity since they have a certain algorithm common for translation of special texts. The article also underlines the necessity of developing the personality of students as the translation competence includes linguistic knowledge together with general cultural erudition and certain psychological abilities which should be developed in students and encouraged by teachers. Practical value. Certain issues in the article can help the teachers organize the process of translation teaching in the class and as an individual students’ work.

Specifics of German-Ukrainian translation of scientific texts in the field of logistics

Specifics of German-Ukrainian translation of scientific texts in the field of logistics

Обучение студентов нефилологических специальностей письменному переводу научно-технических текстов

Various definitions of the notion of translation are given. Special attention is paid to components of the procedural aspect in teaching translation of scientific texts that enable molding theoretical and applied knowledge, abilities and skills by means of special exercises. The article provides examples of pre-translation and translation exercises aimed at developing skills of translation of professionqlly-oriented texts.

Tao Yuan. Research on Translation of Academic Texts in Humanities and Social Sciences Based on Russian-Chinese Parallel Corpus. Bejing, Science Publishing, 2018, 202 p.; 2nd ed., revised. Bejing, Science Publishing, 2021, 212 p. (in Chin.)

The monograph is devoted to the descriptive analysis of the translation of scientific texts from Russian into Chinese based on corpus linguistics methods. The norms of translation, the issues of specificity and universality, as well as the influence of the characteristics of the source text on the translation text are discussed, in other words, the set of factors that influence the translation is investigated.

RELEVANCE OF TRANSLATION IN ESP TEACHING METHODOLOGY

This paper offers an observation and discussion on the relevance and scope of presence of translation within English for Specific Purposes courses in academic settings of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš. There is concern with methodological issues of translation skills regarding domain terminology. This subsumes translation methodology, finding precise target language equivalents, as well as determining whether to translate a text, respecting the syntax of the target language, or to paraphrase it with the primary aim to most precisely convey information contained in the original. The main argument and the issue of the survey conducted with the students of both faculties is direct correlation between translation, or absence of it for that matter, and the cognition of the domain content taught. Then, there is an emphasis on a wider social context that implies inducing in students the awareness of the responsibility they as future professionals and experts in their field have towards their own mother tongue in the dissemination of content knowledge. It is common in the Serbian scientific and professional environment that the translation of scientific texts in English is done by domain experts without consulting linguists, philologists of Serbian language. The consequence is mere (and often incorrect) transliteration of English scientific terminology, and ultimately uncurbed influx of foreign terminology. Yet another argument on the relevance of the previous one is that translation enhances soft transversal skills such as thoughtfulness and critical thinking which among others benefit comprehension of the domain knowledge, as it has been noted that professors, and then students use the English terminology while speaking Serbian, where the latter group do not fully understand the content presented in such scientific ‘newspeak’. The paper presents concrete teaching practice which has for its goal inducing the students with cautiousness when choosing professional terminology in either language.

Res and Verba: The Early Humanist Translations of Natural S

The article examines the challenges Italian humanists faced as Greek scientific literature was gradually incorporated into their broad translation agenda during the fifteenth century. The accurate translation and interpretation of the naturalia called into question the rhetoric-based translation norms underpinning the humanist programme, and instead re-oriented intellectual debates regarding the relationship between res and verba, terminological exactness, awareness of specific discourse genres, as well as the translation strategies that could best accommodate this body of literature. The contribution of medical humanists was crucial in stimulating a new approach to the naturalia and the translation of scientific texts.

Использование лексических трансформаций при переводе научных текстов

The article considers the main peculiarities of the use of lexical transformations on the example of the translation of scientific texts. During the course of the work, the material of more than 30,000 printed signs, presented in public on the https://www.britannica. com/ website, was analyzed. The authors dwell on the reasons behind lexical transformations, features characteristic of scientific style and give a brief description of each lexical transformation they use. At the end of the article, it is concluded that complex translation transformations should be applied in practice, as this contributes to the achievement of adequacy in translation. However, at the present stage of the development of society, it is desirable that the interpreter has knowledge in the professional sphere, which makes the training of translators in the field of professional communication relevant.

Strategies used in the translation of scientific texts to fill the lexical gap

Strategies used in the translation of scientific texts to fill the lexical gap

Transatlantic Quechuañol: Reading Race through Colonial Translations

Translation is often described with opposed terms likeloyaltyandbetrayal,even though the work of translation defies such a description. New research in translation studies argues for the value of mistranslation and untranslatables, especially in recovering Indigenous knowledge production. This study joins these efforts by documenting how technical writers in the colonial Andes used Quechua terms to form a patois called “Quechuañol” (Quechua plusespañol)and how this hybrid Andean language was obscured in translations of scientific texts in early modern England, Germany, and France. As translators reinterpreted metallic classifications in Quechuañol, including “Pacos, Mulatos y Negrillos”(“paco, mulato,andnegrillometals”), they chose terms that communicated their own, culturally specific ideas about color and categories. Tracing mistranslations in the Atlantic world allows us to document both the Indigenous intellectual contributions to the technical arts and the development of early modern racial classifications.

Theoretical foundations of the translation of scientific literature from Russian into English

In this scientific paper some problems of translation of scientific texts from Russian into English have been developed. Translation of scientific texts is a challenge, because it is not enough to translate the scientific text into only the rules of language. This article provides advice on scientific translation. Such texts, for the most part, are aimed at specialists who, as they say, ‘in the subject line’. Almost always, the author does not burden himself with explaining specific terms, reasonably believing that this will only clutter the text, since the target audience is also well-versed in all the intricacies of the terminology used. In the case of the actual scientific texts, one of the main tasks of the translator is the greatest possible informational accuracy of the translation: he cannot afford an error in interpreting one or another term or an ordinary word used in its specific meaning. The above example with the “American Township and Range Surveying System” very clearly illustrates what is being said. The translator must take care of the accessibility of the text to the simple reader, because otherwise the text and its translation loses meaning. So, the main goal of scientific texts of this kind is to convey essential scientific information to scientists who are experts in the subject matter. The first task is that information should be significant and interesting for the relevant scientific community: in other words, it should be either new or represent the old in a new capacity, from a new angle.

Probleme bei der Übersetzung historischer Fachterminologie der Blank- und Handfeuerwaffen der Habsburgermonarchie im Sprachenpaar Deutsch – Slowakisch

Summary The study deals with the problems in the translation of the historical terminology of cold weapons and firearms of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the 17th to 19th centuries. It describes the theoretical and practical historical specificities of the translation of scientific texts in the German – Slovak language pair. The short theoretical introduction is followed by an analysis of the various language phenomena and difficulties encountered in the translation from the source language to the target language, and justification of the solutions.

Ein Diskurs zur Übersetzbarkeit der lyrischen Dichtung im Hinblick auf Rückerts Idee der Weltliteratur

There are many strategies and methods for translating texts of various genres. There are also strategies that are particularly useful for the translation of scientific Texts. When it comes to the translation of literary texts however there are plenty of thoughts, strategies, and methods that are proposed and which provoke a huge disagreement in this area. There is, particularly, a disagreement with regard to the translation of lyric poetry. Many critics and translation theorists agree that in the translation of lyric poetry (and generally in translation of literature texts) one should transfer, on the one hand, the style and the creative power of the author of the source language to the target language and, on the other hand, should meet the expectations of readers of the target language. They differ however over which strategy or method should be used in order to achieve this goal. When considering the translation of literature texts, and particularly the translation of lyric poetry, the spirit of the author and all existent relationships between form and contents should be transferred in the translation, since they have a close relationship with the spirit of the source language and thought of the author. The possibility of achieving this is however somewhat dubious because of the basic structural differences between the source language and the target language; and also because of those differences that may be between the content of the two mentioned languages. The following paper is based on the explanation of Rueckert’s idea of “world literature”, which is related to his thought about the transfer of the spirit of literature of the source language and the transfer of both form and contents. The paper seeks to answers this question: regarding the differences in the relationships of form and contents between the source language, Persian, and the German language, how can the spirit and content of Hafiz' lyrics be best transferred to the target language. It examines the structural and content differences between the Persian and German Languages and it illustrates the strategies and methods Rueckert uses to transfer the spirit and content of the poems of Hafiz to the German language.

The Analysis of Errors in Translation of Scientific Text from English to Indonesian Language

This study aims to find errors in the translation of scientific texts from English into Indonesian. This research uses the qualitative method with content analysis approach. The results showed that (1) the translation strategy, the majority of students used semantic strategy, especially modulation in translating scientific texts and at least used the special structural strategies of addition, (2) lexical error, the majority of students made formal lexical errors in word selection and the least (3) morphological errors, the majority of students make mistakes in the affixation field of improper use of affixation and the least of which are affixations that are not broken, (4) syntactic errors, syntactical errors found in the translation of scientific texts in the fields, phrases, clauses and sentences but the majority of students make mistakes in the field of sentences are the use of illogical phrases and the fewest errors in the field clause is the addition of auxiliary verbs in the equational or nominal clause, and the separation of the perpetrator (subject) and the word in the active clause, (5) the factor causing errors in translation ie the majority of students do not understand the source language text and the least of which is the quality of the source language using the incorrect grammatical, the sentence is vague, the idea is not coherent and many fungtuations.

Ein Diskurs zur Übersetzbarkeit der lyrischen Dichtung im Hinblick auf Rückerts Idee der Weltliteratur

Abstract There are many strategies and methods for translating texts of various genres. There are also strategies that are particularly useful for the translation of scientific Texts. When it comes to the translation of literary texts however there are plenty of thoughts, strategies, and methods that are proposed and which provoke a huge disagreement in this area. There is, particularly, a disagreement with regard to the translation of lyric poetry. Many critics and translation theorists agree that in the translation of lyric poetry (and generally in translation of literature texts) one should transfer, on the one hand, the style and the creative power of the author of the source language to the target language and, on the other hand, should meet the expectations of readers of the target language. They differ however over which strategy or method should be used in order to achieve this goal. When considering the translation of literature texts, and particularly the translation of lyric poetry, the spirit of the author and all existent relationships between form and contents should be transferred in the translation, since they have a close relationship with the spirit of the source language and thought of the author. The possibility of achieving this is however somewhat dubious because of the basic structural differences between the source language and the target language; and also because of those differences that may be between the content of the two mentioned languages. The following paper is based on the explanation of Rueckert’s idea of “world literature”, which is related to his thought about the transfer of the spirit of literature of the source language and the transfer of both form and contents. The paper seeks to answers this question: regarding the differences in the relationships of form and contents between the source language, Persian, and the German language, how can the spirit and content of Hafiz' lyrics be best transferred to the target language. It examines the structural and content differences between the Persian and German Languages and it illustrates the strategies and methods Rueckert uses to transfer the spirit and content of the poems of Hafiz to the German language.

TEXTUAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TEXTS INTO INDONESIAN

This research aims to determine textual equivalence in the translation of scientific texts in English into Indonesian in depth. This study used a qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data to the analysis performed in this study based on the six-step qualitative research developed by Myring. The findings in this study indicate that: (1) The equivalence of thematic structure contained in the translation of textbooks Approaches to Discourse into Indonesian is the equivalence on the pattern/ thematic arrangement of the unmarked theme and a simple theme/topical theme, (2) the information structure equivalence Between source text (ST) and target text (TT) is the equivalence in the form of organization of given and new information. (3) Equivalence in the cohesive devices translation is found in the use of grammatical cohesive devices, (4) The translation method used is the literal translation, (5) The discovered distortion was fully related to the aspects of semantics and linguistic equivalents, (6) The factors causing distortion are the translators’ skills and competencies, (7) The impact inflicted by the various distortion in the target text (TT) is that the translation readersgetdifferent messages from the message of source text (ST).

Grammatical Expression of Impersonality in LSP Texts and Translations

Abstract This article is focused on grammatical means for rendering an impersonal style in translation of scientific texts. The purpose of the study is to apply corpus linguistics research method and obtain the evidence on the actual use and acceptability of nouns representing research in collocation with active verbs. The obtained results show the most frequent collocations and the trends in their occurrence in available corpora. Findings indicate that the collocations persistently appear in the sentence-initial position in edited LSP texts. The author concludes that they are grammatical metaphors serving as impersonal reference from the scientific text to its author.