Translation Of Text Research Articles

Translation by Evidence: A Form-based Approach to the Translation of Sacred Texts

This study suggests a form-based approach to the translation of sacred texts, particularly the Holy Qur'an. This approach is referred to as Translation by Evidence (TE). Drawing upon Sperber and Wilson's Relevance Theory (1986, 2002), TE suggests that any translation of the Holy Quran should be faithful to the source text (ST) in two ways: It should transfer all pieces of evidence that serve a particular function (1), and keep ST and TT receptors' processing efforts comparable (2). The study applied TE to the polar interrogatives in the translation of the Qur’an initiated with the particle [hal] (roughly translated as is or is there). The pieces of evidence in the Ayas were found to be suggestive of three speech acts, namely assertives, expressives and directives. The study argued that TE is a more adequate translation strategy as it producea a more faithful translation in terms of the cognitive effect of the translated Ayas processing effort by the TT receivers. Keywords: Translation by Evidence, Relevance Theory, the Holy Qur'an, Interrogatives, Faithfulness

Formation of national image and translation practice of Chinese political discourse in the context of the digital age - on the example of Chinese diplomatic communiqués

This study aims to analyze the impact of Chinese political discourse translation practices on the formation of state image in the digital era, using Chinese diplomatic documents as illustrative material. Diplomatic documents, including diplomatic communiqués, play a crucial role in political propaganda and international communication, holding significant strategic value in international relations. Analyzing the processes and strategies involved in translating diplomatic documents allows for a deeper understanding of how different translation methods influence the portrayal of a state. The accuracy and cultural adaptation of diplomatic translation directly affect the perception of Chinese policies and the image of the state by foreign audiences. While literal translation may preserve the accuracy of the original, it does not always convey cultural context and political intentions. In contrast, free translation and cultural adaptation contribute to a better understanding and acceptance of political information and the state's image by the target audience. Thus, the translation practice of diplomatic documents is not only a linguistic process but also a crucial strategy for shaping the state's image. This study employs textual analysis methods and is grounded in translation theory to analyze the use of vocabulary and sentence structure in the translation of diplomatic documents. The research aims to identify translation strategies used and to uncover hidden national images. The findings indicate that different translation strategies significantly influence the formation of the national image. Literal translation maintains the accuracy of the original but may miss cultural nuances. Paraphrasing enhances the perception and understanding of the text. Cultural transformation facilitates better adaptation of the text to the local audience. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its empirical investigation based on the translation of political discourse to reveal the formation of the state's image. The research results can be applied in diplomacy, international communications, and intercultural interactions, providing empirical support and guidance on translation strategies to enhance the national image. The study underscores the importance of translating political discourse for shaping the national image in the digital era. Under the influence of national ideology, the translation of political texts requires reevaluation and a forward-looking approach. In the digital era, the translation of political texts should aim to maintain and strengthen the national image.

Characteristics and translation of metaphorical language in traditional Chinese medicine texts

This article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of metaphorical language and its translation in the texts of traditional Chinese medicine. The research subject of this article is metaphorical language in TCM texts. The characteristics of the metaphorical language of TCM texts determine that translation should focus on cross-cultural communication and meaning interpretation. The purpose of the study is to investigate, learn how to accurately decipher metaphorical language and convey the connotation of these metaphorical expressions, so as to promote the effective dissemination of TCM culture in intercultural communication. And also - to reduce misunderstandings caused by cultural and linguistic differences, to improve the quality and accuracy of translations of TCM texts, to build a better linguistic bridge for TCM to the world. In terms of research methodology, this paper uses the method of literature study - extensive collection of relevant information and detailed interpretation of typical metaphorical expressions, as well as the method of comparative analysis - comparing the differences in the use of metaphorical language in different literatures. Scientific novelty is reflected in the in-depth interpretation and translation of TCM metaphors. Through an in-depth study of TCM theories and practices, the scientific principles underlying metaphors are revealed and presented to readers in a clearer and more accurate way. At the same time, innovative translation methods such as the method of literal translation with commentary, the free translation method, etc., allow readers to better understand the unique meaning of TCM metaphors. Through in-depth analysis, it is found that metaphorical language has important characteristics such as imagery, cultural relevance and polysemy, and is an important cognitive approach and tool in Chinese medicine and at the same time not only embodies a special description of physiological phenomena, but also a unique cognitive marker of alternative psychophysiological communication.

On the English translation of health and wellness tourism publicity texts in Panzhihua city from the perspective of eco-translatology

On the English translation of health and wellness tourism publicity texts in Panzhihua city from the perspective of eco-translatology

The Great Disciple Mahākassapa and his Parinibbāna

The 80 great disciples (asīti mahāsāvakas) are a conceptual category found in Pali commentarial literature dating from the 5th to the 10th century. Various forms of evidence, including archeology, epigraphy, and iconography, demonstrate the enduring popularity of these characters within mainland Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions. This popularity spans from the end of the 1st millennium to the present. The focus of this work lies in the Pali texts, which have been largely overlooked in comparison to the well-preserved accounts in vernacular languages. The study partially aims to address this gap by presenting a critical edition and new translation of a Pali text centered around the parinibbāna (final demise) of one of the most esteemed disciples, Mahākassapa.

Summarization and Translation Using NLP

Abstract: Text summarization and translation are two critical tasks in natural language processing with significant applications in various domains such as news aggregation, document summarization, machine translation, and information retrieval. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the development of techniques and models for both tasks, leveraging advancements in deep learning and neural network architectures. This paper presents a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of state-of-the-art methods in text summarization and translation. First, we provide an overview of the different approaches to text summarization, including extractive, abstractive, and hybrid methods, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. We discuss various evaluation metrics and datasets commonly used for benchmarking summarization systems, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities in this field.

RENDERING AL-MAFUL AL-MUTLAQ IN QURANIC TRANSLATION:A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE MALAY VERSIONS

The maintenance or modification of the language style of a source text in its translated version is one of the aspects that is often observed in the study of style analysis or translation strategy. Al-Quran as a holy book that is rich and loaded with its own styles of language has caused polemics among scholars of translation of sacred texts from time to time such as differences of opinion and approach between them regarding strategies, methods, styles or techniques of translating the diversity of language styles of this holy book of all Muslims. Al-Maful al-Mutlaq which is one of the aspects of language style in the syntax of the Arabic language has seen a variety of strategies and ways of translation in its translation versions. Starting from that, this study aims to identify the holy verses of the Quran that contain the language style of al-Maful al-Mutlaq, analyze the verses containing al-Maful al-Mutlaq from morphological and syntactic aspects.and compare the translation strategies used when translating the three types of al-Maful al-Mutlaqin the three versions of the Malay translation of the Quran which is the sample of this study Terjemahan Al-Hidayah, Terjemahan Pimpinan Ar-Rahman Kepada Pengertian Al-Quran and Terjemahan Kompleks Percetakan al-Quran Raja Fahad. This study uses a qualitative approach by means of contrastive content analysis by comparing the syntax of Arabic and Malay regarding the concept and structure of al-Maful al-Mutlaq through the texts of selected verses of the Holy Quran. This study finally concludes that there are several discourse markers used by translators when translating al-Maful al-Mutlaq into Malay. This study is expected to be able to provide understanding and guidance to students of the Quranic language to recognize the style and strategy of translating al-Maful al-Mutlaq found in the Quran into the Malay language.

Dali Ancient City Tourism Industry Culture and Tourism Publicity Text Translation Characteristics

With the continuous development of tourism in Dali, more and more tourists are attracted to visit Dali, including a large number of overseas tourists. Therefore, in order to help overseas tourists better understand the local folk customs and promote the better development of tourism in Dali, this paper, from the perspective of tourism translation texts in Dali and the German functional theory, compares and analyzes the English Translation Materials of tourism texts in Dali. Based on the principles of English-Chinese translation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of tourism text translation in Dali Ancient City from three aspects: vocabulary, grammar and tense. The theoretical basis of this thesis is that the German functional theory can play a useful role in translation practice, especially in non-literary translation and tourism translation. On the one hand, it provides evidence for functional translation theory. On the other hand, it provides some constructive suggestions for English translation of tourism culture materials in Dali. Thus draw the distance between tourists and the propaganda text, so that tourists can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also feel the charm of Dali culture.

Language Translator Using Deep Learning

Abstract: Digital translation (MT) is a process of translating text from one language to another using software by including both computer and language information. Initially, the MT system acquires text translation into the source language by simply associating the meaning of the words in the source language with the target language with the help of grammar. However, such methods did not produce good results due to their failure to capture the various sentence structures in the language. This process of translation is time-consuming and requires skilled craftsmen in both languages. Subsequently, integrated translation methods such as mathematical translation (SMT) and neural translation (NMT) technology have been introduced to address the challenges of legal-based approaches. MT has already shown promising results in bilingual translation. In contrast to SMT, which requires sub-components trained separately in translation, NMT uses one large neural network for training. This paper outlines how to train a repetitive neural network for rearrangement for a source to identify. The default encoder helps to reconstruct the vectors of the target language. Therefore, powerful hardware (GPU) support is required. The GPU improves system performance by reducing training time.

Research on automatic error-checking in English short text translation by a neural network algorithm

Research on automatic error-checking in English short text translation by a neural network algorithm

Temporal aspects of technical text translation

Temporal aspects of technical text translation

Transcending Linguistic Boundaries: A Technical Exploration of The Evolution and Future Trajectory of Corpus-Based Machine Translation

This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of the evolution, current state, and future perspectives of machine translation (MT). The field of MT, encompassing the automatic translation of text from one language to another, has undergone significant transformations from rule-based methods to statistical models, and more recently, to neural network-based approaches. By synthesizing current research and technological progress, this paper aims to provide a detailed understanding of the dynamic landscape of machine translation and its future directions. In today's globalized world, language barriers remain a significant obstacle to accessing information. Relying solely on human translators often fails to meet the growing demand for translation services, which is why Machine Translation (MT) tools are becoming increasingly popular. These tools have the potential to address this issue effectively. As a result, research in MT is expanding rapidly, and new paradigms are continually being developed. This paper presents a systematic literature review to identify the most widely used MT systems, their architectures, the quality assessment methods used to evaluate them, and which systems deliver the best results.

An Analysis of Grammatical Equivalence Used by Students in Translating News Item Text

ABSTRACT Spreading news in this era seems to be easier due to the rapid development of technology. However, some readers from different language background seem to have difficulties in understanding the news because of language barrier. Translation is needed to overcome this problem and to make news understandable for readers in greater community. This research examined the types of grammatical equivalence used by the students in translating news item text from Indonesian to English. Besides, this research also aimed to figure out the problems found in the students’ grammatical equivalence. Descriptive qualitative approach was used in this research since the data were presented in the form of description instead of number. The primary data were taken from news item text translation works done by the seventh-semester students of English Department of Pamulang University in academic year of 2022/2023. The data were collected using Google Form and then analysed using the grammatical equivalence theory proposed by Baker (2001). There were five steps of data analysis used in this research: observing the data, identifying the data, classifying the data, and evaluating the data. The results showed that the students used five types of grammatical equivalence namely number, gender, person, tenses & aspects, and voice. The results also revealed that the students faced problems related to number and tenses & aspects.

Development-induced dispossession: Adivasi existence in the milieu of contemporary Indian texts in translation

The paradigms of development around the globe involves mechanisms associated with its social purpose, which is more often than not dubious in nature! Natural resources form the fundamental aspect of any developmental activity. But in the process of accumulating these resources, the beneficiaries often rely on malignant mechanisms. The capitalist discourse has always been successful in manifesting their agendas of development as constructive and profitable for the entire humanity. Periodically, when the utility of development is foregrounded by dominant cultural forms, often the ramifications of progress remain uncritiqued. The developmental projects earmarked for the rural population remain unnoticed, for it serves the interest of the elite and the urban middle class. Many a time, the indigenous population, who inhabit the resource rich area are swayed away by the false propaganda for development, ultimately aggravating their existing deprivation. In the case of India, too, amidst all the development activities, the marginalized populace or the so-called Adivasis are the worst sufferers, because they have been encountering displacement for ages. The current study attempts to unveil the displacement of the tribal population (Adivasi) of India due to development projects, thereby offering a critical analysis of the social policies. The study employs select translated literary narratives to examine the development-induced dispossession of tribal population in the colonial, postcolonial and neo-liberal phase of Indian history, adopting the theoretical framework of new historicism.

Translation of literary texts and online collaboration: Breaking barriers through virtual exchange

Literary translation usually brings linguistic, textual, cultural, and pragmatic problems into perspective. As a knowledge-transfer process, it also demands a set of skills as the translator intends to convey, to some extent, the literary subtleties of the original. Graduate students attending a MA seminar of Translation of Literary Texts are frequently asked to undertake the process of translating a selection of excerpts of a variety of literary texts, to acknowledge difficulties and set up strategies for achieving their work. One of the most rewarding tools available to literary translators is working with the author, which is not always feasible in real-life activity and even more unlikely in Literary Translation classes. This report presents the practice of virtual exchange by describing the experience of matching Creative Writing students with students attending a Translation of Literary Texts seminar. Online collaboration gave Literary Translation students a sense of real-life experience by having the opportunity to communicate and work with the author, translating unpublished and untranslated texts. It was not only an opportunity of participating in a collaborative international project by means of virtual exchange, but also an opportunity of translating with the author.

“Stumbling blocks” in the translation of technical documentation

The objective of this study is to clarify the notion of “technical documentation” and explore the challenges and strategies involved in translating this type of text. Technical documentation is crucial in helping customers understand how to use the product effectively that is why it should be well-structured, allowing users to find the information they need quickly and easily. Examples of technical writing include technical manuals, operating instructions, scientific books, monographs, academic papers and articles, and patent translations. However, several obstacles can impede the translation process, potentially resulting in inaccuracies or misunderstandings. Common translation difficulties include untranslatable words, multiple-word meanings, differences in grammatical and syntactic systems, technical and specialized terminology, and “false friends.” The process of translation of such texts is intricate, involving the transfer of information from one language to another while considering cultural, linguistic, and contextual factors. While translating technical texts, the translator may encounter various obstacles, such as linguistic challenges, source text issues, expertise gaps, and realia. Improving the effectiveness of translating technical documentation involves a combination of best translation practices. Effective communication and collaborative efforts are crucial elements for project success. It is also important for professional translators to be vigilant and use the right resources to avoid common pitfalls and deliver high-quality. By combining these strategies, you can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of translating technical documentation, ensuring that the information is effectively communicated to a global audience.

Preservation of sentiment in machine translation of low-resource languages: a case study on Slovak movie subtitles

AbstractThis research explores the effectiveness of machine translation from Slovak to English for sentiment analysis, specifically focusing on the translation of movie subtitles. The study employs a parallel corpus of segmented movie subtitles in both languages and utilizes IBM Watson™ Natural Language Understanding service and Google Translate. The research aims to assess the correlation between human-generated text and machine-translated text in sentiment analysis. A comparative analysis was also conducted using OpenAI to evaluate the sentiment of the Slovak text directly, without translation into English. The findings reveal a strong correlation between human text and machine translation, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.86, and a correlation with OpenAI’s GPT model evaluation at 0.72. Despite the relatively high accuracy of the end-to-end solution using OpenAI, the methodology comprising machine translation followed by sentiment analysis in English was found to be significantly more precise. The research further investigates the challenges in translating specific language nuances, such as humor and vulgarism, and their impact on sentiment analysis. The study concludes that machine translation can be effectively used for sentiment analysis in Slovak, a flective language, and highlights the potential of advanced language models in low-resource languages. Future research directions include expanding the study to other text types and comparable languages beyond Slovak.

Aspects of the presence of the Aristotelian Logic in Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity:

In this article, we discuss a particular aspect of the presence of the Aristotelian Logic –mainly based on the treatise Topics– in the Christianity of the West as well as in the Christianity of the East, with Boethius and Manuel Holobolus as representatives. As a reference text, we have Boethius’ treatise De topicis differentiis, which was translated into Greek, with certain adaptations and individual comments, by Manuel Holobolus. We approach a concise passage from the Byzantine scholar’s translation, which refers to “middle places”, that is to say, to those which arise neither from the meaning of names per se nor from external factors alone, but from their encounter with each other under particular circumstances. We investigate how “middle places” are distinguished into three categories –a) by πτώσις (case), b) by συστοιχία (co-ordination), and c) by διαίρεσις (division)– and how arguments are structured on the basis of their use. They appear as modalities of nouns, mainly through adjectives and adverbs within prepositional phrases, which do not refer to semantic singulars but to a structure of various kinds of relations between situations and between persons, with evaluative schemes sometimes present. We pay particular attention to how an actual case highlights both morphological and semantic variations so that it is not just a grammatical scheme but also one of philosophical interest. We indicate how through the “middle places” formal Logic is brought into relevance with Ontology, or nominal reflections with pragmatological data, in the perspective of what can be called conceptual realism, which refers to how a meaning adapts to the external conditions it is asked to describe and is transformed accordingly. Finally, we conclude that through Boethius’ original text and Holobolus's translation, the Aristotelian formal Logic is utilized by the theological and philosophical atmosphere of Christianity, both in the West and in the East, even though there is a gap of about eight centuries between the two thinkers.

Decoding Complexity: A Mathematical Framework for Enhanced Translation Comprehension

Machine translation tools have demonstrated substantial progress in enhancing translation accuracy since the emergence of artificial intelligence. However, challenges persist in reasoning (or the lack thereof), considering contexts, addressing specific word games, and interpreting very long or very short sentences—those exceeding 50 and falling below 7 words (Bowker, 2023 : 893). Additionally, accurately translating technical or specialized terms and their variations remains a hurdle. This research introduces a categorical mathematical formalization of the comprehension stages in translation, along with a model for calculating acceptances (specific meanings of words) during the verification of meaning hypotheses. The goal is to elucidate the comprehension process and integrate contextual considerations. The formalism delineates a series of fundamental cognitive operations involved in comprehension. Furthermore, it advocates for evaluating meaning hypotheses using logical modalities, particularly hypostases, described as phrases (groups of words)—a unit of discourse rather than language—signifying the structure of arguments conveying the speaker's knowledge. The strength of our proposed mathematical model lies in its independence from both source and target languages, as well as the subjectivity of text authors or translators. Additionally, the assessment of meaning hypotheses relies on verifiable logical modalities, ensuring a reliable, explicable, and controllable outcome.

Some Peculiarities of Translation of Medical Texts (on the Example of Cardiological Material)

Medicine is one of the most dynamically developing fields, requiring from translators not only specialised skills, but also basic knowledge of medicine. The present study is devoted to the study of specific features of medical texts and ways of their translation from English into Russian. The aim of the study is to identify the most overlooked problems that may be encountered when translating medical texts and to provide solutions to them. The subject of the study was the peculiarities encountered during the translation from English into Russian of the original practical manual on electrocardiography. The methodological basis of this study was formed by the solid sampling method, descriptive method and method of linguocultural analysis of linguistic material. As a result of the study, a number of features is identified that require increased attention when working with medical texts: borrowing words from Latin and Greek, the use of complex abbreviations and acronyms, the transition to gender-neutral pronouns, the translation of mnemonics, differences in classifications and health care systems. The ways of their translation are also analysed, and appropriate equivalents are selected. The methods of their translation are also analyzed and the appropriate equivalents are selected. General recommendations for overcoming the highlighted translation difficulties are given. Knowledge of morphemes of Greek and Latin origin, the ability to adapt the translation to the realities of another country, continuous professional development will help to overcome difficulties in translation. The skills of working with dictionaries and handbooks play an important role in the translation of a professionally-oriented vocabulary layer and the choice of expressions suitable for the meaning. In conclusion, the competencies that a translator in the medical field should possess in order to perform a high-quality adequate translation of medical texts are given.