Translation Of Text Research Articles

Analysis of Grammatical Transformations (Using the Example of Translation from Vietnamese into Russian)

The article considers the issue of using grammatical transformations in the process of translating Vietnamese texts into Russian. The author notes that the need for this type of transformation is determined by the discrepancies in grammatical forms and structures in Russian and Vietnamese languages, which belong to different language systems. The article distinguishes absolute and partial discrepancies, analyzes the frequency of using such grammatical transformation techniques as substitutions, rearrangements, division, and unification. Theoretical provisions are illustrated by examples taken from modern Vietnamese media. It is concluded that the use of grammatical transformations, which involve replacing grammatical forms and constructions of the Vietnamese language with formally non-equivalent forms and constructions of the Russian language, contributes to achieving the equivalence of the original and translation texts.

Subtitling Without Context

In this article, subtitling without context refers to situations in which subtitlers do not have access to the image and sound of an audiovisual text, which they need to carry out their translation processes efficiently and successfully. Audiovisual texts, such as movies, need to be seen and heard to be understood and their meaning translated. What happens if the video material is not available or incomplete? This is the question that this study strives to answer. The key concepts discussed in this article are the multimodality of audiovisual texts, context, relevance, and cognitive load. An empirical subtitling test was conducted with translation students at a Finnish university to examine these concepts and their impact on translation processes and products. Two sets of translations were analyzed with a multilayered contrastive analysis. In addition, the participants wrote short translation diaries that were analyzed using content analysis. The students’ translation diaries indicated that it is impossible to time subtitles, make line breaks, and understand references to places and characters, to name but a few difficulties reported by the participants in the test. In addition, the analysis of the diary entries revealed that translating without context reportedly increased the participants’ cognitive load, which in turn made translation processes less efficient and more time-consuming. Lay Summary Movies, television series and videogames can be called audiovisual texts as they convey their meaning with sounds and images. The translators of such texts are called subtitlers and the end products of their translation processes, subtitles. In this article, subtitling without a context refers to situations in which the subtitler does not have access to the image and sounds of an audiovisual text. Audiovisual texts need to be seen and heard to be wholly understood as well as translated efficiently and successfully. What happens if the video material is no available or it is not ready? This is the questions we wish to answer. The key concepts discussed in this article are the multimodality of audiovisual texts, context, relevance, and cognitive load. Multimodality means that audiovisual texts use different ways, such as pictures, texts, music and speech to tell the stories. Context refers to the situation in which language is used and translated. Relevance theory weighs what are the most important things needed to be told with minimal costs, costs in this case being the number of characters in the subtitles. Cognitive load on the other hand refers to the psychological processes and memory use that are ongoing in translation processes. We made a translation test with students from a Finnish university. They translated a written dialog list without seeing the video material it was from. Then they translated it again, but this time with the video. Then these translations were compared with each other as well as with the video’s images and sounds. This method of comparison in this article is called multilayered contrastive analysis. The students also wrote short translation diaries about their experiences. They reported that timing and doing line breaks were impossible without the video. Timing refers to the process of making the subtitle lines appear at the same time as the characters are speaking and line breaks refer to the division of sentences and words in the subtitle lines. The participants wrote to their translation diaries that it was difficult to translate without the video. It was mentally tiresome and because of this, it took much time to finish the translations. The students also were afraid that they made many mistakes, and they used a lot of time second guessing their solutions.

METHODS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE TRANSLATION OF TEXTS WITH A HISTORICAL FOCUS

The relevance of this article is related to the ongoing demand for translators of historical texts. Since the dawn of writing, there has been a demand for translations of various chronicles, scrolls and manifestos. A similar situation persists to this day, only now the popular history genre is gaining more and more popularity. A historian, like a writer, can recreate events and the face of the past, although this scientific recreation differs from the artistic one. Based on historical data, the writer at the same time always takes the path of creative fiction, without which art is impossible, and the historian depicts only what was, historically based facts. An informative historical text does not tolerate fiction, yet it is an excellent source for gaining knowledge and learning about history.

Masalah dalam Terjemahan Majāz Mursal al-Quran: Analisis Terhadap Hubungan Ĩtibār mā sayakūn

Majāz mursal is one of al-Majāz's styles in Arabic rhetoric sciences. It contains an implicit or implied meaning that is not explicitly stated. The literal approach will lead to the loss of the implicit meaning in majāz mursal. Therefore, this study aims to compare the approach used by several translation texts in the translation of synecdoche in Quranic discourse specific to the relationship of the event that will occur (ĩtibār mā sayakūn) to see the equivalence of the actual meaning found in the Quran with the target text. This study is qualitative library research for adopting content analysis methods and purposive sampling techniques. This study's primary data source was collected from al-Burhān fĩ 'Ulum al-Quran. Four translation texts of the Quran by Hidayah House of Quran, Karya Bestari, Abdullah Basmeih, and Yayasan Restu are used as a corpus to examine the approaches of translation used by the four texts. Data analysis of the selected translation is based on the theory of explicitation introduced by Vinay & Darbelnet (1995) and the explicitation technique presented by Murtisari (2016). To measure the accuracy and compatibility of resource language messages with the target language, interpretation of the book of tafsĩr are referred to, such as al-Kashshāf by Al-Zamakhsyarĩ, al-Jalālain by Al-Suyūti, An'war At-Tanzĩl wa Asrāru At-Ta'wĩl by Baydhāwi, Al-Tashĩl lĩ 'Ulum al-Tanzĩl by Ibn Juzayy, al-Tahrĩr Wa Tanwĩr by Ibn' Asyur, Jami'ul Bayān by Al-Tabarĩ, Fĩ Zilāl al-Quran by Syed Qutb and Tafsĩr al-Munĩr by Wahbah Zuhailĩ. This study shows that two (2) of the five (5) (data) have shown the use of applying the explicitation strategy. It can reveal the implicit meaning that exists in the language style of majāz mursal from the relationship related to things that will happen (ĩtibar mā sayakūn) compared to the literal translation method.

Problematyka przekładu gier planszowych na przykładzie tłumaczenia wybranych nazw własnych w grze Everdell na język polski i rosyjski

THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING BOARD GAMES AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE TRANSLATION OF SELECTED PROPER NAMES IN THE GAME EVERDELL INTO POLISH AND RUSSIAN The main aim of this paper is to analyse the Polish and Russian translations of selected proper names from the board game Everdell and its expansions, issued by Starling Games in 2018-2020. The author focuses on the theory of translating (transcreating) board game as a multimodal text and potential translation issues, as well as on the translator’s competences. The analytic part of this work consists of seven selected proper names translated into Polish by Monika Żabicka and into Russian by Daniil Yakovenko, Evgeniia Nekrasova and Stanislav Zagorodnyi: Everdell, Ever Tree, Corrin Evertail, Fynn Nobletail, Poe, Prophet Foresight and Pristine Chapel. The author shows their etymological, historical, and cultural background presented in the source language and then discusses their Polish and Russian equivalents and strategies chosen by the translators. As a result, we can see that the proper names in the Polish version are mostly adapted and relate to the Polish culture and history, whereas in Russian language version most of the proper names are not translated, just transcribed.

Making Mathematics Accessible to Visually Impaired High School Learners in South Africa: Teachers’ Instructional Approaches, Assistive Devices and Challenges

ABSTRACT This case study explored the instructional approaches and assistive devices employed by high school mathematics teachers in teaching visually impaired (VI) learners and the challenges encountered by the teachers in facilitating the learners’ construction of mathematical knowledge. The participants were two high school mathematics teachers from a special school for the visually impaired in South Africa. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and lesson observation. Inadequate skills in using Braille codes, time constraints, lack of learners’ home support structure, and technology failure are some of the challenges encountered by the teachers in teaching the VI learners. The approaches used by the teachers to teach mathematics to the VI learners in this study are direct instruction, contextual linking, scaffolding, peer tutoring, and problem-solving. The technologies the teachers used included text enlargers, text translators, text embossers, structure embossers, and scientific talking calculators. The study recommends in-service training for teachers teaching mathematics to

Translation of Artifact Names Based on Toury’s Norms Theory: A Case Study of the National Museum of China

Amid increasing global cultural and intellectual exchange, China’s cultural interactions with the West have intensified. The National Museum of China, as one of the most internationally recognized Chinese museums, plays an important role in this exchange through the English translation of its artifact names. This paper applies Toury’s translation norms theory to analyze the English translations of artifact names at the museum, using a corpus of bilingual names collected through fieldwork. The analysis highlights how sociocultural factors and a preference for foreignization heavily influence the museum’s translation practices. The museum employs various translation methods, including literal translation, annotation, and transliteration, depending on the type of artifact. By offering practical insights for translators, this research aims to enhance the quality of museum text translations and contribute to the broader efforts made by museums to share Chinese culture with the world.

Science Fiction in the Post-occupation Iraqi Short Story in English Translation

English translations of Arabic literary works have interacted with -and possibly influenced- the Western context of science fiction literature. This thesis investigates how the English translations of post-occupation Iraqi short stories possibly contributed to the evolution of the Western science fiction genre. The study seeks to explain the relationship between post-2003 Iraqi literary works -that are a diverse range of corpus- as well as the possible influence of their translations and their counterparts in Anglophone literary systems. The research particularly focuses on Iraq +100 and The Corpse Exhibition and Other Stories of Iraq by Hassan Blasim. Blasim’s edited anthology, Iraq +100, is a prominent element in this study as it is analyzed to illustrate the interrelation between Arabic science fiction and Western traditions of this genre of fiction. As the roles of this edited anthology and short story collection are addressed and discussed in terms of the interaction between Anglophone and Arab literary systems, the study discusses the science fiction theories of Thomas Lombardo (2006) and Darko Suvin (2010). The primary objective of this study is to analyze the two selected books as they are introduced to the Western world and scrutinize how these books can be considered as a response to the evolution of the science fiction genre. Moreover, the translated works of post-occupation Iraqi short stories deal with the political and social impacts of the situation in Iraq after 2003. This thesis follows up by proposing that the anthologized English translations of these Arabic post-occupation Iraqi texts have contributed to the making of a dialogue between Arab and Western cultural and literary canons as well as traditions. The study also analyzes the short stories of the Iraqi writers, as illustrative of a specific expression of post-2003 Iraqi fiction that depicts the terror of violence in Iraq by delivering scenes of excessive violence in their texts. All in all, this study appears as an interdisciplinary work as it engages with translation studies, literary studies, history, and in a way, political science.

Comparative Analysis: Machine vs Human Translation of Educational Scientific Texts. Challenges and Solutions

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of identity formation and identification processes in postmodern society and in digital society. The article explores various approaches to the concept of «identity» within the framework of socio-humanitarian theories. The interrelation of real and virtual identity, the emergence of new forms and models of identity are considered. Two approaches to the analysis of identity in a digital society are analyzed and compared: digital optimism and digital pessimism.Methodology and sources. The article uses a comparative analysis of various theoretical approaches to identity formation. An interdisciplinary approach is used to understand the features of identity in the era of digitalization. As the main sources for the study of the phenomenon of identity there were used works of classics of sociology and psychology E. Erickson, J.G. Meade, E. Durkheim, as well as studies of representatives of modern philosophical and sociological theories Z. Bauman, A. Giddens, S. Turkle, A.A. Lisenkova, T.G. Leshkevich.Results and discussion. It is shown that in postmodern society, identity is characterized by the processes of individualization, fragmentation and the absence of a single cultural center. In a digital society, along with the processes of individualization, there are processes of standardization and unification of person. It is concluded that in a digital society, identity has positive and negative sides. On the one hand, there is a positive vector for the use of online communications, network interaction of people, which destroys spatial and temporal boundaries, as well as social barriers. On the other hand, new types of virtual identity are being formed, challenging a person's own identity.Conclusion. It is concluded that the digital society changes human identity, identification practices and strategies. The consequence of these processes is the formation of a person fused with digital technologies, which leads to the transformation of the social order, social norms and society as a whole.

Comparative Study of Chinese Translations of “Gitanjali” based on Natural Language Processing

This paper employs the HanLP natural language processing model to conduct a quantitative text analysis of four Chinese translations of “Gitanjali”. The analysis examines text features such as character and sentence count, lexical properties, lexical density, and high-frequency words. The results indicate that, except for Wu Yan’s translation, the text features of the other translations are relatively similar in terms of data distribution. Wu Yan’s translation has higher character and sentence count, and usage of lexical properties than the other translations, but it has the lowest lexical density, indicating a lower information density. The study also reveals that the choice of lexical properties and high-frequency words in each translation is influenced by the translator’s personal language preferences. Although the types of high-frequency words are relatively fixed, their frequencies vary significantly. Based on these findings, the study further uncovers the intrinsic logic and structural relationships among different text features, offering significant insights for the study of specific literary and translation texts, as well as broader translation and linguistic research. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of HanLP in literary and translation research, highlighting the potential of natural language processing models in large-scale text analysis.

What are the differences? A comparative study of generative artificial intelligence translation and human translation of scientific texts

Generative artificial intelligence translation (GenAIT) brings convenience yet also imposes severe challenges on the dissemination of knowledge. The respective (dis)advantages of GenAIT and human translation (HT), and the ways to promote their effective interaction have not been sufficiently explored yet. This study investigates the linguistic features of GenAIT and HT of scientific texts rendered from English to Chinese from lexical and syntactic levels. The GenAIT is generated by ChatGPT 3.5, a representative GenAI platform, while HTs are done by 19 Master-of-Translation-and-Interpreting students in China. Data shows that GenAIT and HTs present distinguished linguistic features in both levels. At the lexical level, HT exhibits lengthier texts with a lower average word diversity; GenAIT presents higher accuracy in translating terminology. At the syntactic level, the average sentence count in HT is greater, whereas its average sentence length measured in tokens is shorter. Moreover, human translators tend to transform sentences from passive voice into active voice more frequently than ChatGPT 3.5 does. Furthermore, human translators exhibit superior skills in deconstructing lengthy and complex sentences into shorter, more comprehensible clauses. This study reveals that ChatGPT 3.5 and human translators exhibit complementary capabilities in the translation of scientific texts, thereby suggesting an optimisation of the strengths inherent to both parties. Implications are provided for future translator training, language service providers and the ongoing development of GenAIT and HT.

A Study on Translator’s Subjectivity of Dream of Red Mansions Based on Polysystem Theory

With the development of The Times, translation studies are no longer limited to text and syntax, but have expanded from in-text studies to out-of-text studies. Translation activities are carried out in two cultural contexts. Therefore, from a new translation perspective, the translation process pays more attention to the target language culture and the influence of various social, cultural and economic factors on translation activities, thus developing the translator's subjectivity. The status of the translator is gradually revealed, which makes the translation closer to the target language culture and expands the target audience. Based on the comparison between traditional translation theory and multi-system theory, this paper takes the translation of Dream of Red Mansions as an example, and has an in-depth study of the translator's subjectivity in the translation process through comparison and analysis, emphasizing the important effect of the translator's subjectivity in translation activities,so as to provide references for how to produce high-quality text translation.

Ink Drawing Technique: Prescriptions from the Nineteenth-Century Art School According to Gustave Frepon

Continuing its series of articles on drawing techniques, Secreta Artis presents an abridged and adapted translation of a unique text from a manual on ink drawing methods, accompanied by a commentary. The text and illustrations, which outline and demonstrate three pen techniques: lining, hatching, and dotting (extremely rare and methodologically valuable information), were published in 1897 in the French artist Gustave Fraipont's book "L'art d'appliquer ses connaissances en dessin: fusain, crayon, plume, eau-forte, lithographie, execution des dessins pour la photogravure et la gravure sur bois, l'art de prendre un croquis". Fraipont's comprehensive work explores a wide array of graphic arts, including charcoal, pencil, etching, lithography, woodcut, and more.However, despite the popularity of G. Fraipont's works in the latter half of the 19th century, including seven manuals on watercolor painting, composition, drafting, and sketching that were translated and published in Moscow and St. Petersburg between 1893 and 1895, his work on ink drawing techniques was not translated into Russian. This material is highly relevant for studying the history of 19th-century graphics, the academic art school of that era, and for mastering drawing techniques.

On The Politics of Arabic Literary Translation

This paper examines the external factors influencing the selection and reception of literary texts in translation, with a focus on the representation of Arab culture in the West. Drawing on Andre Lefevere's (1992) concept of patronage, the author discusses how patrons, including institutions and individuals, shape the translation and publication of Arabic literary works and explores their impact on the representation of Arab culture in the West. The paper gives examples of several translated Arabic works, reading through the external factors that have influenced their selection, translation, and reception in their target culture. The study contends that the translation of Arabic literature is often driven by ideological and financial motivations, resulting in a restrictive representation of Arab culture that perpetuates stereotypes and exoticism. Furthermore, the paper argues that the “decontextualization” of translated texts leads to a loss of their original identity and purpose, as they are re-inserted within their new context and reinterpreted according to the socio-cultural background of the target audience. By shedding light on the complex dynamics governing literary translation from Arabic, this study highlights the need for understanding the external factors that shape the translation and representation of Arabic literature in the West.

A Comparative Study on the Quality of English-Chinese Translation of Legal Texts Between ChatGPT and Neural Machine Translation Systems

A Comparative Study on the Quality of English-Chinese Translation of Legal Texts Between ChatGPT and Neural Machine Translation Systems

Translation of Children’s Rhyme Bible Storybook on “The Creation” from English into Indonesian

Foreign children’s literature has been translated in various target languages and the most translated stories are from the Bible. The uniqueness of this study is on the rhyming text translation. It is very challenging in translating rhyming text due to distinct features of orality, sociocultural context, lexical and grammatical issues. This paper aims at 1) exploring rhyme types found both in the source text and in the target text; 2) investigating the use of the translation techniques; 3) examining the translation shift; and 4) assessing the translation quality of the rhyming translated text. This is a descriptive qualitative study that applied the content analysis design. The collection of data is through focus group discussion, note-taking and quality translation (QT) rating instrument. Then data are analyzed using analyses of domain, taxonomy, and componential. The findings present 9 data of rhyme types identified in the source text and 10 data of rhyme types in the target text. Besides, there are 12 translation techniques frequently used. Furthermore, the translation shift exists in the translated text indicated by 34 data. Finally, the assessment of translation quality reveals the rates of three aspects of the parameter namely accuracy (2.22), acceptability (3), and readability (3) in which its overall score is 2.61. The overall score of the translation quality reveals that the translation meaningfully succeeds.

How to Teach and Make the Iberian Arthurian Contemporary Tradition Available to World Audiences? The Need to Resort to Translation

Abstract: This essay calls for a comprehensive scholarly project using the translation of contemporary literary texts into English and other languages to introduce Iberian and Latin American Arthurian literature to a wider international community of students, general readers, and scholars. It also proposes possible contents for a general anthology of contemporary Iberian and Latin American texts in translation, and suggests a wide range of courses in the Iberian and Latin American Arthurian traditions.

A model for queer drama translation analysis

ABSTRACT Drama, queer theory, and translation studies intersect in their search for providing a voice in the target culture minding correspondences and preventing intrusions that might otherwise render a censored version. To date, there are few instruments for the descriptive analysis of drama translation, and the most specific model of analysis for queer textualities restricts its scope to the translation of camp, with attention on pivotal concepts such as the right to identity, access to knowledge, visibility, and freedom of expression. However, there is no broad yet fitting instrument for the study of LGBTQ+ drama from a queer, political perspective. This article offers a much-needed paradigm that considers queer and LGBT+ theatre from the point of view of queer translation in a context of farther-reaching queer dramatic texts in translation.

The Patterns of Reforming in the Legacy of Al-Imam Al-Sajjad (PBUH):A Rhetorical Pragmatic Analysis

This paper deals with the study of pragmatic strategies and rhetorical devices to demonstrate the patterns of reforming: self,social , and moral reforming in the legacy of Imam Al-Sajjad(pbuh) ,that is represented by prayers and supplications .This heritage combines the spirit of revolution against tyranny and jihadist enthusiasm against deviations in all aspects of life . Imam Al-Sajjad(pbuh) adopts several ways for reforming including preaching ,calling people to have morals , directing people to know the truths ,causes of happiness and misery . These ways are intended to warn people against mindlessness by addressing the mind ,spirit ,and emotion .Hence ,this study focuses on the persuasive discourse in which pragmatics and rhetoric are integrated and aims at investigating the pragmatic strategies and rhetorical devices that are utilized as analytical tools to analyze the supplications and prayers of Imam Al- Sajjad (pbuh) delivered under the topic of reforming . Accordingly ,the study attempts to answer the following questions: What are the pragmatic strategies and rhetorical devices that Imam Al- Sajjad (pbuh) uses in this verbal legacy ? How are the pragmatic and rhetorical devices are utilized to present the idea of reforming ? The study hypothesizes that Imam Al- Sajjad (pbuh) uses many pragmatic and rhetorical devices that contributed significantly to highlight the idea of reforming of all its kinds as a model of stupendous legitmate literature. Additionally ,the rhetoric devices are connected with the three rhetorical appeals: logos ,ethos , and pathos .The study is finalized with some conclusions that these pragmatic and rhetorical devices reflect sympathy , mercy ,and emotional involving through which Al-Imam (pbuh) conveys a reformist message that could be called a message of spirit and insight . It is worth to mention that any translation of Arabic texts within this paper is the researcher's humble effort except the experts.

Reflection of Explicitation in Scientific Translation: Neural Machine Translation vs. Human Post-Editing

The present paper reports on the findings of an empirical comparative study on the extent to which explicitation is employed in the translation of a scientific text as conducted by Google Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) vs its post-edited (PE) version. A recent report released in English by the World Meteorological Organization in September 2023 was selected as the source text for the present study. The purpose of the study is to reveal how domain-specific acronyms and technical terms are lexically expanded (explicitated) in a GNMT output compared to its post-edited (PE) version as performed by a team of professional translators at a translation service provider in Amman-Jordan. Explicitation in translation can be obligatory or optional. The type of explicitation investigated in the present study is optional, pragmatic explicitation. The results show that GNMT has its limitations in dealing with scientific terms and acronyms in translating scientific texts from English into Arabic. In contrast, human post-editing explicitated domain-specific terms and acronyms producing a text with a higher level of readability and naturalness for domain expert readers and non-expert readers.