Territorial Specialization Research Articles

Strategy of balanced territorial development in EU countries

The path to closer ties between Ukraine and the European Union (EU) was marked by important milestones and strategic agreements. From the first declaration of intent in the 1990s to the landmark Association Agreement, the trajectory reflects a deepening commitment to promote political association and economic integration. Ukraine’s obtaining the status of a candidate for membership in the European Union and the start of negotiations on the integration of Ukraine into the EU emphasize the emergence of economic opportunities for the country, in particular, when we formulate a strategy for its post-war recovery. At the same time, significant corrections in the task that Ukraine is solving today against the background of its European integration aspirations bring the consequences of Russia’s military aggression, which bring not only human losses, the occupation of certain territories, but also the destruction of places, villages and vital infrastructure, the restoration of which depends on the possibility of returning people to normal living conditions. No less critical is the situation with the adaptation in the host communities of people and enterprises that relocate from the occupied territories and territories to the war zone. There are structural changes in the sectoral specialization of territories in connection with the relocation of business. The problems of management of sustainable development of territorial communities are devoted to the works of such domestic scientists as O.V. Bezugliy, O.I. Vasylieva, O.K. Gordeev, T.A. Kravchenko, M.M. Patynska, Yu.M. Petrushenko, B.O. Fedirko and others. Such foreign researchers as: A.A. Leizerovich, R.V. Kates, T.M. Parris, J.M. Huls.

Beyond the Farm to Fork Strategy: Methodology for designing a European agro-ecological future

The publication of the European Commission's Farm to Fork Strategy has sparked a heated debate between those who advocate the intensification of agriculture in the name of food security and those who recommend its de-intensification for environmental reasons. The design of quantified scenarios is a key approach to objectively evaluate the arguments of the two sides. To this end, we used the accounting methodology GRAFS (Generalized Representation of Agri-Food Systems) to describe the agri-food system of Europe divided into 127 geographical units of similar agricultural area, in terms of nitrogen (N) fluxes across cropland, grassland, livestock, and human consumption. This analysis reveals, in current European agriculture, a high level of territorial specialization, a strong dependence on long distance trade, and environmental N losses amounting to about 14 TgN/yr, i.e. nearly 70 % of the annual N input (including N synthetic fertilizers, symbiotic N fixation, oxidized N deposition and import of food and feed). Based on the analysis of the yield-fertilization relationship of cropping systems at the scale of their full rotation cycle, and on a simplified model of livestock ingestion, excretion and production, we advanced the GRAFS methodology for prospective scenario design. Three scenarios for the European agri-food system were explored for 2050: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, a scenario based on the measures considered by the EU Farm to Fork Strategy (F2F), and a fully agro-ecological scenario (AE). The results show that the F2F scenario reduces the dependence of Europe on imports of synthetic fertilizers and feed resources by 40 % as well as the environmental N losses by 30 %, but not to the level of its claimed ambitions as N lost to the environment still amounts to about 10 TgN/yr, i.e. 67 % of N inputs. Of the three scenarios studied, only in the AE scenario, involving the relocation of feed production, the generalization of organic crop rotations with N fixing legume crops, and a shift of agricultural production and food consumption toward less animal-based products, would Europe be able to dispense with N imports, still being able to export some cereals, meat, and milk products to the rest of the world, while halving today's reactive N emissions to the environment.

Creation of a Laboratory for Statistics and Analysis of Dependence and Chronic Conditions: Protocol for the Bages Territorial Specialization and Competitiveness Project (PECT BAGESS).

With the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, partly due to the increase in life expectancy and the aging of the population, the complexity of the approach faced by the structures, dynamics, and actors that are part of the current care and attention systems is evident. The territory of Bages (Catalonia, Spain) presents characteristics of a highly complex ecosystem where there is a need to develop new, more dynamic structures for the various actors in the health and social systems, aimed at incorporating new actors in the technological and business field that would allow innovation in the management of this context. Within the framework of the Bages Territorial Specialization and Competitiveness Project (PECT BAGESS), the aim is to address these challenges through various entities that will develop 7 interrelated operations. Of these, the operation of the IDIAP Jordi Gol-Catalan Health Institute focuses on the creation of a Laboratory for Statistics and Analysis of Dependence and Chronic Conditions in the Bages region, in the form of a database that will collect the most relevant information from the different environments that affect the management of chronic conditions and dependence: health, social, economic, and environment. This study aims to create a laboratory for statistical, dependence, and chronic condition analysis in the Bages region, to determine the chronic conditions and conditions that generate dependence in the Bages area, in order to propose products and services that respond to the needs of people in these situations. PECT BAGESS originated from the Shared Agenda initiative, which was established in the Bages region with the goal of enhancing the quality of life and fostering social inclusion for individuals with chronic diseases. This study presents part of this broader project, consisting of the creation of a database. Data from chronic conditions and dependence service providers will be combined, using a unique identifier for the different sources of information. A thorough legal analysis was conducted to establish a secure data sharing mechanism among the entities participating in the project. The laboratory will be a key piece in the structure generated in the environment of the PECT BAGESS, which will allow relevant information to be passed on from the different sectors involved to respond to the needs of people with chronic conditions and dependence, as well as to generate opportunities for products and services. The emerging organizational dynamics and structures are expected to demonstrate a health and social management model that may have a remarkable impact on these sectors. Products and services developed may be very useful for generating synergies and facilitating the living conditions of people who can benefit from all these services. However, secure data sharing circuits must be considered. PRR1-10.2196/46542.

Особливості державної політики протидії соціальним конфліктам на основі розвитку співробітництва громад з використанням мережевого управління та смарт-спеціалізації територій

Social progress occurs through crises – social, economic, ethnic, racial, confessional, etc. The cyclical processes of the transition of society to new civilizational levels are always accompanied by painful social conflicts for the population, the severity of which can be reduced by effective state policy. In general, it is a natural task of the state to reduce tension in society in order not to lead to revolutions and other destructive events that pose a danger not only to the population of the country, but also to the existence of the state itself. Russia's military aggression against Ukraine and the crisis caused by it have sharpened the need to understand possible factors of social conflicts, mechanisms for their prevention and methods of counteraction.
 The article is aimed at defining the vectors of influence of the mechanisms of smart specialization of territories, network management and cooperation of communities on the State policy of foreseeing and programming the emergence of crises and conflicts in society.
 The main aspects of introduction of smart specialization of territories, mechanisms of network management, advantages of cooperation of communities to ensure the State policy of counteraction to social conflicts are analyzed.
 It is concluded that there are also new opportunities, forms, mechanisms for counteracting social conflicts, which introduce the course of the conflict in a controlled direction. Such opportunities are created by a combination in the state policy of network management of cooperation between communities and regions on the basis of smart specialization. The essence of this synergistic combination lies in the use of digital technologies (networks, platforms) in the process of decentralized digital governance by predictable social processes, programming of the future development of the country, region, community.

Rubtsovo-Semey cluster of Russian-Kazakh economic cooperation in China's strategic initiative "One Belt One Road"

The article is devoted to the search for opportunities for reindustrialization of depressed border ultracontinental territories in the context of the implementation of China's strategic initiative "One Belt One Road". The purpose of the study is to find ways to restore and develop economic ties between two border regions – the Altai Territory in the Russian Federation and East Kazakhstan, as the hypothesis of the study is the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of their joint activities. The object of research in the article is the cross-border area between Rubtsovsk and Semey and their adjacent territories. On the basis of a system-dialectical approach, the possibilities of creating a Rubtsovo-Semey industrial and innovative hub within the Altai Territory and the East Kazakhstan region are analyzed. The authors conclude that such cooperation can open up new opportunities for industries producing resource-intensive consumer goods, given the traditional ties and proximity of cultures of the population living here. The article defines the specialization of territories and the existing level of interaction between regions. The authors substantiate the sectors of the economy that are promising for development in the cluster. The role of Turksib for the reindustrialization of depressed cross-border territories is shown. A concept for the development of a future cross-border industrial cluster is proposed, which is one of the scientific results of the study.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К СИСТЕМАМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЛОГИТ-РЕГРЕССИОННОГО АНАЛИЗА

The article presents a comparative approach to the management systems of business structures based on logit-regression analysis. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the work lies in the development of an algorithm for the application of logit regression analysis using the explained and control variables necessary to understand the differences between the management systems of business structures. A methodology has been developed for measuring the quality of management systems of business structures for a certain period of time based on the size of the business structure, industry affiliation, territorial specialization.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ОЦЕНКА РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКО-БЕЛОРУССКОГО ПРИГРАНИЧЬЯ

The main goal of this work is to search for new approaches to the study of agriculture in territories within which there are contrasts in the level of agricultural development in particular and the level of socio-economic development in general. The work uses methods of gravitational fields and economic-geographical profiling along the conventional line Minsk - Moscow, and also tests for the current state of agriculture the approach to assessing the agricultural specialization of territories, first proposed by I. von Thünen. The level of agricultural development, assessed using these methods, is presented in ten-year dynamics.The use of these methods made it possible to identify both poles of agricultural growth and depressed areas that lag behind in terms of the level of agricultural development and requirethe use of special instruments of institutional and socio-economic policy to support theagricultural industry. As a result of applying profiling techniques and building potential models within the Republic of Belarus, it was possible to identify two poles of agricultural growth, as well as assess the level of gap in agricultural indicators when crossing the border. It has been established that in recent years, within the Russian sector of the border area, there has been an accelerated development of agriculture, due to the policy of import substitution in key agricultural sectors. At the same time, the agriculture of the border region, in general, being on the periphery of the countries, underrealizes the potential of the geographical location between the two largest sales markets of the Union State and currently needs more intensive development. Another conclusion is the correspondence of the agricultural specialization of the regions of Mezhcapital to the one identified in the works of J. von Thünen according to theoretical ideas about the specialization of agricultural production at a distance from large cities.

Small business as a factor of sustainable development of rural areas of the regions of Russia on the example of social service enterprises

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of small business, contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas in the regions of Russia. The paper presents modern statistical data, on the basis of which we can talk about the active and dynamic growth of small business in many countries of the world, which may be one of the fundamental factors in the formation of economic systems, both in individual regions and in the states as a whole. The territorial specialization of small business has been determined as an addition to the “big” economy, which has formed a relatively holistic, complex structure of the economy of regions and municipalities, cities and rural areas. The article offers a general overview of registered small businesses in our country and is revealed. that traditionally the maximum number of them falls on the sphere of trade and public catering, which is primarily due to the relatively low start-up costs for these types of business and the relatively fast turnover of capital. Naturally, the largest number of them is concentrated in the largest regions of Russia with a relatively high level of socio-economic development. Nevertheless, global urbanization has an active influence on the development of small business in rural areas of the regions of Russia. Particular attention in the development of small business in rural areas is paid to the provision of services; the Rostov region is considered as an example of active development.

Aspects of the ecological and economic mechanism of balanced development of horticulture in the context of environmental safety

The article examines the aspects of improving the ecological and economic mechanism of balancing the development of horticulture in the context of environmental safety. It is substantiated that the functioning of the ecological-economic mechanism of management of nature-use processes is caused by the need to create conditions for the establishment and development of an ecologically oriented way of conducting economic activity of subjects of the national economy. It was determined that the influence of state authorities (subjects of the mechanism) on certain interests of economic subjects of the national economy (objects of the mechanism) is carried out by applying a certain set of management methods and tools. It has been proven that the strategic priorities of the development of horticulture in Ukraine are: increasing the quality parameters of production; bringing quantitative indicators to the level of ensuring domestic needs and increasing the share of fruit and berry exports; expansion of fruit and berry products sales markets; rational use of investment and material and technical resources; implementation of innovative and intensive technologies for growing perennial plantations; compliance with environmental requirements in the production process; deepening of territorial specialization; application of the model of regional organization of cluster-type relationships; structural restructuring of the organizational and economic mechanism of reproduction in the industry on an innovative basis.

Перспективные направления организационного и нормативного обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в Чеченской Республике

The article substantiates the perspective areas of normative and organizational support for food security in the Chechen Republic in comparison with those in Germany. The negative consequences of violation of environmental and land legislation in case of improper use of agricultural land are shown. The necessity of forming the «Republican Commission for Control over the State of the Environment and Food Security in the Chechen Republic» (RKKOSPB) is substantiated. Some of its functional tasks are given. In particular, the responsibility of the Commission is to develop the «Strategic Administrative and Legal Concept of Ecological and Food Security of the Chechen Republic for the period up to 2030». The problem of development of own seed production and local production of plant protection products (PPP) – the main determinants of agricultural development – was recognized as an important strategic task. RKKOSPB should pay serious attention to planning the territorial specialization of agricultural production, i.e. such an organization of production, in which in crop production the emphasis is on the selection of such an optimal ratio of cultivated crops that would be most adapted to specific local conditions.

Формирование специализации сельских территорий в рамках стратегического управления их развитием

The purpose of the study is to research and systematize the factors determining the specialization of rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia. The article highlights the issues of the formation of rural areas specialization for the purposes of strategic management. Based on the data of the statistical bodies of the Republic of Buryatia, the structure of agricultural production by branches and categories of rural producers is analyzed, the factors affecting the specialization of rural territories, the typology of territories are systematized. The authors propose an approach to the formation of specialization of rural areas, taking into account the totality of conditions and factors affecting the sustainability and direction of strategic development of rural areas, aimed at increasing the well-being of the rural population. Scientific novelty lies in the development of an approach to the formation of specialization of rural areas, which allows us to consistently take into account the whole complex of factors affecting it. As a result of the application of this approach, it will be possible to develop strategic plans for the development of rural territories based on the formation of their specialization with the inclusion of mechanisms of influence on the factors of rural development.

ЛОГІСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТІЙКОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ СФЕРИ

In the article discusses possible logistics operations and functions on the example of the tourism sector, taking into account the diversity of technological, product and territorial specialization, the scale of activities and the size of production capacity, the complexity of organizational relationships in tourism enterprises and between them. Attention is drawn to the fact that the specialization and unification of managerial influences on the logistics system requires its functional decomposition to the elementary level of management functions. The synthesis of control operations is carried out on the basis of mutual necessity and interdependence. That is, this is a new combination of simple elements into a single workable functional. Analysis, synthesis of operations and management functions determine the emergence of logistics systems. The use of conceptual approaches of logistics, while maintaining the technological specialization of a tourist enterprise, allows the formation of economically sustainable tourist territorial and economic units. On the example of the tourism sector, the following classifications of logistics operations and functions are defined: logistics operations with – material flows, information flows, financial flows, in relation to service flows. The following functions of logistical flow management are identified – planning, prompt response, analysis and decomposition, control, coordination. Also, depending on the level of business organization, logistics functions in a tourism enterprise are divided into basic, key and supporting. Applying models of logistics functions and operations in accordance with classification approaches to solve specific problems, the management of a tourism enterprise receives significant advantages over other participants in the tourism services market. Optimization of the economic efficiency of the enterprise is carried out on the basis of classification knowledge and professional competence. The classification of logistics operations and functions allows structuring the knowledge accumulated by modern science of managing business entities.

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

The article summarizes the approaches to the definition of specialization in agriculture. The factors and conditions for the optimal location of agricultural production in the region are shown. Unlike the pre-reform period, when the main link in the specialization of agricultural production were collective and state farms, to a lesser extent - subsidiary farms of industrial enterprises, today territorial specialization at the level of municipal production volumes and create the necessary infrastructure for this. Specialization should be viewed as a process of structural changes in production, when resources are redistributed between the production of various types of products, new proportions are formed, in agriculture - primarily in land use. In this case, it is proposed to determine the specialization of municipal districts based on their contribution to the production of specific types of products in the region and average annual growth rates. Based on the ratio of these indicators, the following types of municipalities were identified in the areas of specialization - growth points (with a high share in the volume of production and high growth rates) and stagnating territories (when a high share in the volume is combined with low growth rates). Compiled maps of the specialization of agricultural production in the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan for today and for the future, for the period up to 2030. Determination of the specialization of agricultural production in municipal districts for the future, allows you to create the necessary infrastructure in them, taking into account the changed conditions, to make fuller use of the existing potential.

СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЗЕРНА ПО ЗОНАМ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН

The main condition for specialization in agriculture is the production of those products for which there is the most favorable natural environment. The purpose of our study is to determine the nature of territorial specialization in grain production based on the level and its dynamics. The object of the research is the agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is one of the leading in the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the factors of formation of territorial specialization of grain production. The work was carried out on the basis of the application of general scientific research methods within the framework of comparative, logical, statistical analysis and graphic interpretation of the results. The territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan is divided according to the complex of natural conditions, respectively, and according to the peculiarities of agriculture, into six zones. We have grouped municipal districts according to the volume of grain production in statics and in dynamics. A map of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the production of grain by agricultural zones has been built. It was revealed that the dynamics of grain production in the republic has a multidirectional character. In terms of grain production, many regions of the region are promising territories, which, despite the low volume of production, are characterized by positive dynamics, as well as stagnant territories, which are characterized, despite the high volume of production, by negative dynamics. Areas in which grain production is higher than the average for the region are located in agricultural zones belonging to the Southern forest-steppe, the Ural steppe, and the Trans-Ural steppe. But at the same time, in many areas of the Cis-Ural and Trans-Ural steppe, grain production is also increasing, many of them have grain-growing specialization. In the regions located in the southern forest-steppe, grain production is below the average level in the republic, sunflower is most of all cultivated. Agriculture in the republic must be developed in the direction of creating specialized zones, which will allow lower costs to ensure the growth of production. At the same time, the organizational and economic mechanism must change in such a way as to stimulate the specialization and concentration of production.

«ЛЕСНАЯ ПАША ПЕРЕДАЛА»: К ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ СЕВЕРНОРУССКИХ НАЗВАНИЙ БЛЮД ИЗ ГРИБОВ И ЯГОД

The article discusses the dialect vocabulary associated with the traditions of food-gathering in the Russian North: specifically, the names of mushrooms and berries—reflecting the features of their preparation and culinary properties—and the names of dishes made from forest products. The article was based on dialect, folklore, and ethnographic data from the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma regions, including unpublished data collected by the toponymic expedition of the Ural Federal University. The article reveals the features of the categorization of forest products in the language of the North Russian peasants, local features of the plant diet, as well as the possible impact of the Finno-Ugric food culture. The ethnolinguistic approach involves taking into account the quantitative ratio of lexemes, ideographic, and areal analysis of vocabulary, identifying its semantic and motivational connections. The analysis of the material established that a significant range of linguistic units and folklore are associated with the topic of picking mushrooms and berries in the Russian North. Categories and concepts characteristic of the culture of gathering are identified: “number of mushrooms / berries collected at a time”, “forest hosts of mushrooms and berries”, “generic names of forest products” (vologa, oboshcha), and “especially valuable forest products” (tsarskie “royal” mushrooms, berries, fish). The names of mushrooms and berries indicate the methods of their preparation, nutritional properties, and composition. The names of the berry dishes reflect the influence of the Finno-Ugric culinary tradition (compare the possibly borrowed designations of flour cereals with berries—the Arkhangelsk words galagatka, kiprishikha, the Arkhangelsk and Vologda word lyas). Folklore texts and narratives preserve plots and ideas about gathering: men as typical mushroom pickers, children and girls are berry pickers, each village having its own territory for collection, the exclusion of strangers from certain locations, the local specialization of territories (e.g. Vologda-originated nicknames such as vologodskie ryzhiki, obabki, etc.), and others.

THE CURRENT TASKS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENGINEERING AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE LUGANSK REGION IN THE MODERN CONDITIONS

The architectural and spatial form of organization of territories and populated areas depends on the functional content of the processes occurring in these territories, territorial resources, specialization of territories and populated areas. 
 Typological differences, regional features, conditions and factors of the present time make it relevant to search for directions for the most rational use of urban areas. The study aims to analyze the current directions and tasks of transforming the functional and planning structure of the region in the modern conditions, caused by the problems of the fragmentation of the territory and the planning organization of Donbass as a result of the armed conflict.
 For the object of analysis - the territories of the Donetsk and Lugansk regions, it is necessary to recognize the formation of a new reality, new preconditions, a new functional content of reproduction processes - which necessitate the transformation of the engineering and planning structure of the regions.
 The uncertainty of the factors of external influence makes the task of choosing and sequencing reconstructive measures especially difficult. Analysis of the situation shows: the conflict has been going on for the seventh year, which is comparable to the timing of the implementation of some provisions of the general plan of the city; the functional and planning structure of regions and the territory of the regions has undergone significant changes; some functions of the regional typology were changed; the whole complex of prerequisites that determine the direction of development or reconstructive transformation of territories has undergone changes.
 The agglomeration of the cities of Severodonetsk-Lisichansk-Rubizhne should be considered as a single territorial entity in the context of the tasks of reconstructive transformation, solving the problems of the functional and planning reconstruction. Differences and contrasts between the cities in the agglomeration can be leveled out by restoring effective mutually supportive links. This task of accompanying reconstruction at the level of urban facilities, and functional and planning reconstruction provides: preservation and creation of new jobs; reconstruction of the transport network in accordance with the needs of the territories and defense; sustainable development of the region's education system as a guarantee of the overall development of the quality of the population; implementation and support of infrastructure projects that ensure the quality of the urban environment and ecological state.

Ecological Consequences of the Intensification of Agricultural Production and Land and Agrarian Reforms (Based on Materials from the Altai Territory)

Altai Krai is traditionally classified as a major industrial and agricultural regions of the country. The machine-building complex (production of tractors, agricultural machinery, wagons, engines, boilers), the chemical and petrochemical industries (tires, artificial fibers, plastic products, chemical products), the food industry (meat, cheese making), and the light industry (manufacturing) are quite developed. fabrics, knitwear), mining (mining of polymetallic ores, gold, table and glauber salts, coal). Agriculture prevails in agriculture in the Altai Territory. Altai Territory is one of the largest producers of grain, milk, meat and other agricultural products. The territorial specialization of agricultural production in the region is determined by the complex mechanism of interaction of natural and climatic factors, as well as soil and geomorphological features. Among cultivated crops, cereals prevail. Hard and strong varieties of zoned spring wheat are grown in the most provided warm steppe part of the territory of the region.Altai Krai is the only region beyond the Ural Mountains where sugar beets are grown. Among oilseeds, the lion’s share is occupied by sunflower, although commodity production of oilseed flax, mezeum, long flax, rapeseed and other industrial crops is gradually developing.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕНОГАСТРОНОМІЧНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОДЕСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ

Travel with enogastronomic purposes is gaining more and more popularity. The reason for such rapid popularity of enogastronomic tourism is simple – tourists are tired of monotonous classic tours and are looking for new vivid impressions. Areas of tourist attraction are increasingly becoming wine regions with their flavor and local cuisine. Odessa region has the potential for the development of wine tours and private wineries. This is evidenced by the situation with import substitution, state support for agro-industry and small farms, as well as the demand of modern tourists for domestic tourism. Odessa region is one of the most promising wine-growing regions of Ukraine with favorable conditions for the development of enogastronomic tourism, which can increase tourist flows to the Odessa region. Enogastronomic tourism is a relatively new and promising for the Odessa region type of tourist activity due to the fact that it allows you to smooth out the seasonality factor and develop a tourist destination at any time of year. One of the factors that attracts thousands of tourists to places of cultivation of grapes and wine production is the numerous rites associated with this type of human activity. Odessa region is no exception with its multinational population and sayings for table toasts. The promotion of enogastronomic tourism is closely related to the marketing strategy of the tourism industry of Odessa region. It is based on tourists receiving new unique emotions and impressions from visiting the region. The article considers the peculiarities of the development of enogastronomic tourism in Ukraine on the example of the Odessa region. Gastronomic tourism is characterized as the most promising area of tourism business. The issues of national cuisine traditions are highlighted and the main centers of gastronomic tourism of Odesa region are identified. Issues of culinary traditions, gastronomic festivals and holidays in Odessa region are revealed. The peculiarities of specialization of separate territories of Odessa region are found out. The development of wine tourism measures in Odesa region, as the most promising of the regions of Ukraine, was assessed. The state of de-velopment of tourism in the Odessa region as a tourist destination is analyzed.

ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ И ПОТЕНЦИАЛА КООПЕРАЦИИ СУБЪЕКТОВ РФ

The economic specialization of territories is a common definition in economic studies, while the methodology for its definition varies considerably. The paper presents an attempt to comprehend the essence of the concept of economic specialization of the territory in modern conditions. Various approaches to its definition are presented and analyzed, both by great Soviet scientists and modern interpretations. A methodology and formula for determining the economic specialization of subjects of the Russian Federation is proposed, taking into account the existing limitations of publicly available statistical information. Based on the identified economic specialization, the similarity coefficient of the economic specialization of the subjects of the Russian Federation was calculated. The calculation method includes computer data processing in the M language in the Microsoft Power Query environment. All subjects of the Russian Federation were divided into 9 groups in accordance with their economic specializations in order to determine a list of comparable territories. In order to identify the real potential of economic cooperation of adjacent territories, on the basis of the grouping, a cartogram of the economic specialization of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was formed using the MapChart software tool. In the course of visual analysis, zones of similar economic specialization were identified, and the degree of cooperation potential was determined based on the similarity coefficient. This study is of an applied nature and is intended to expand the tools for developing a targeted state policy for managing the development of territories. The identification of economic specialization is intended to form groups of comparable territories for a one-time solution to emerging problems of the same type. Identification of the cooperation potential of the subjects of the Russian Federation is in demand from the point of view of the formation of interregional industry clusters, which corresponds to the current trends in the formation of state policy in the development of agglomerations and the transformation of the settlement system.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА СУТНІСТЬ ТА РОЛЬ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ В СУЧАСНІЙ СМАРТ-ІНДУСТРІЇ

The article considers the current trends in the development of economic systems aimed at the formation of innovative cluster formations. Problems of existence of cluster systems in the modern smart industry are defined. The main aspects of the national cluster development program until 2027 are revealed. The advantages of modern cluster formations in contrast to the classical subjects of entrepreneurial activity are determined. The mechanisms of world practice of active development of clusters, which is an effective direction of innovation, are studied. The methods of definition and stages of realization of the strategy of reasonable specialization of the region are investigated. The need for government support for key territorial priorities to attract investment was stressed. The main system effects of cluster smart specialization and calculation of the specialization coefficient of the region are considered. Among the system effects, the most important are: growth of competitive advantages, concentration of economic activity, coverage of new market segments, generation of new value chains, quick start for new business structures, and creation of system synergetic effects. The strategy of implementation of the local transformation program aimed at government support of key territorial priorities, stimulation of investment potential, stimulation of investment potential, motivation of stakeholders and formation of the evaluation system is studied. Some methods of analysis and expert assessment of potential areas of smart specialization of territories are presented, in accordance with the recommendations of RIS3. The main stages of the search for smart specialization and indicators for assessing the economic specialization of the cluster are identified. It is concluded that the presence of a unified approach to the study of the regional context and innovation potential will ensure the functioning of clusters in accordance with the smart specialization of the region. The ways of further scientific researches for competent formation of cluster strategy of enterprises are determined.