Preparation Of Strong Earthquakes Research Articles

Variability in the Statistical Properties of Continuous Seismic Records on a Network of Stations and Strong Earthquakes: A Case Study from the Kamchatka Peninsula, 2011–2021

A study of spatiotemporal variability and synchronization effects in continuous seismic records (seismic noise) on a network of 21 broadband seismic stations on the Kamchatka Peninsula was carried out in connection with the occurrence of strong earthquakes, M = 7.2–8.3. Data of 1-min registrations of the vertical movements velocity Earth’s surface were used for constructing time series of daily values of the generalized Hurst exponent α*, singularity spectrum support width ∆α, wavelet-based spectral exponent β, and minimum normalized entropy of squared orthogonal wavelet coefficients En for all stations during the observation period 2011–2021. Averaged maps and time-frequency diagrams of the spectral measure of four noise parameters’ coherent behavior were constructed using data from the entire network of stations and by groups of stations taking into account network configuration, volcanic activity and coastal sea waves. Based on the distribution maps of noise parameters, it was found that strong earthquakes arose near extensive areas of the minimum values of α*, ∆α, β, and the En maximum values advance manifestation during several years. The time-frequency diagrams revealed increased amplitudes of the spectral measure of the coherent behavior of the 4-dimensional time series (synchronization effects) before three earthquakes with Mw = 7.5–8.3 over months to about one year according to observations from the entire network of stations, as well as according to data obtained at groups of continental and non-volcanic stations. A less-pronounced manifestation of coherence effects diagrams plotted from data obtained at coastal and volcanic groups of stations and is apparently associated with the noisiness in seismic records caused by coastal waves and signals of modern volcanic activity. The considered synchronization effects correspond to the author’s conceptual model of seismic noise behavior in preparation of strong earthquakes and data from other regions and can also be useful for medium-term estimates of the place and time of seismic events with Mw ≥ 7.5 in the Kamchatka.

Physics-Based Simulation of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Earthquakes in the Corinth Gulf, Greece, Fault System

ABSTRACT A physics-based earthquake simulation algorithm for modeling the long-term spatiotemporal process of strong (M ≥ 6.0) earthquakes in Corinth Gulf area, Greece, is employed and its performance is explored. The underlying physical model includes the rate- and state-dependent frictional formulation, along with the slow tectonic loading and coseismic static stress transfer. The study area constitutes a rapidly extending rift about 100 km long, where the deformation is taken up by eight major fault segments aligned along its southern coastline, and which is associated with several strong (M ≥ 6.0) earthquakes in the last three centuries, since when the historical earthquake catalog is complete. The recurrence time of these earthquakes and their spatial relation are studied, and the simulator results reveal spatiotemporal properties of the regional seismicity such as pseudoperiodicity as well as multisegment ruptures of strong earthquakes. As the simulator algorithm allows the display of the stress pattern on all the single elements of the fault, we are focusing on the time evolution of the stress level before, during, and after these earthquakes occur. In this respect, the spatiotemporal variation of the stress and its heterogeneity appear to be correlated with the process of preparation of strong earthquakes in a quantitative way.

On the dynamics of the electromagnetic parameters of the Northern Tien Shan lithosphere

The results of geophysical monitoring of seismically hazardous regions are of undoubted interest for studying the deep structure of the lithosphere, regional seismicity, modern geodynamics, etc. The work used experimental material, including the results of magnetotelluric monitoring and the catalogs of the KNET (Kyrgyzstan Telemetered Network), KRNET (Kyrgyz Republic Digital Network) and ISC (International Seismological Center) networks obtained in the seismically active zones of the Bishkek Geodynamic Proving Ground (Northern Tien Shan). The analysis of electromagnetic monitoring results of the Northern Tien Shan seismic generating zone was carried out in a wide frequency range. The data on the parameters of the electromagnetic field of the Earth’s crust in the Northern Tien Shan are generalized and systematized. Based on the analysis of these data, the dependence of the response of seismic events in electromagnetic parameters on the distance of earthquake epicenters was studied. The most likely reason for the occurrence of anomalous changes in the electromagnetic field is the activation of deformation processes during the preparation of strong earthquakes. The results of the time-frequency analysis are presented and the features of manifestation are considered depending on the location of the hypoand epicenters of seismic events and their magnitude. Regularities have been established in the behavior of tipper variations for remote and regional earthquakes for the first quarter of 2016 with an energy class from 6 to 10.

A global inventory of concentration measurements of free and dissolved in underground waters molecular hydrogen in the Earth’s crust on land

This paper presents a global inventory of concentration measurements of free and dissolved in underground water molecular hydrogen sampling areas in the Earth’s crust on land. The inventory table indicates their regional belonging, the average hydrogen concentration and standard deviation at each point if concentration exceeds 0.01 %. For information analysis, sampling reservoirs are classified in 5 groups depending on the type of degassing structures. They are ophiolite complexes, geothermal systems, underground waters, ultrabasite massifs, and soils. Samples were taken on 5 continents in 32 countries from 97 reservoirs in 318 sampling areas. The 3481 gas analyzes revealed the presence of hydrogen of different concentrations. The 294 values of R/Ra were presented. All sampling reservoirs are plotted on a world map, which also shows the position of wells in the territory of the former USSR, where hydrogen from underground waters was recorded. In general, most of the reservoirs studied contain hydrogen in small quantities, since on-ly 16 (16.5%) of them have concentration of more than 5 %. The highest concentration of hydrogen (average value of 60.34 %, 7 wells) is in the heads of hydrogeological wells immediately after drilling completion. The concentration of hydrogen in soil near wells is 1070—1600 times less than hydrogen in the wells coming from underground water horizons. Zones of the present-day activation accompanied with intensive geothermal processes generate low concentration hydrogen, whose mean concentration value is 1.6 ± 3.97 % (43 analyses). In soil gases, the hydrogen concentration varies from 0.03 to 0.06% with exception of the Moscow region (0.25 %). The concentration of hydrogen in soil of the zones of active faults varies randomly along the faults depending on the composition of the sedimentary rocks filling them. Only in the zones of active faults during several years of preparation of strong earthquakes in the region hydrogen released to the day surface whose concentration exceeds the background value by 200 times reaching 4 %. The presence of hydrogen in gases with the mantle component was mentioned 14 times in publications mainly due to the values of R/Ra. However, the first integrated study of helium isotopes relationships and seismotomographic data suggests a unique case of occurrence of mantle hydrogen in one of geothermal features of the Yellowstone caldera. The present-day water plays a key role in the formation of hydrogen. Its generation occurs exclusively in the Earth’s crust because of the oxidation of ferrous iron by alkaline water in basic and ultrabasic rocks resulted from various chemical reaction schemes and water vapor always occurrence in magmatic gases where hydrogen is registered 24 times. In rare cases (4), the source of hydrogen in negligible quantities is alkaline water radiolysis or radioactive decay.

The Nocturnal Positive Ionospheric Anomaly of Electron Density as a Short-Term Earthquake Precursor and the Possible Physical Mechanism of Its Formation

This paper summarizes the years of studies devoted to the self-similarity of anomalies originating in the ionosphere above the regions of the preparation of strong earthquakes. Using statistical processing of data on electron density variations obtained by methods of vertical sounding and measurements of the total electronic content, we have formed a pattern of similar variations observed at midlatitudes before strong earthquakes; we call it a precursor mask for earthquakes. It was found that the positive anomaly in the ionosphere formed at nighttime after sunset and ended at sunrise. In the case of strong earthquakes, the anomaly can last 12 h and emerge within a few days at the same local time. We propose a physical mechanism of anomaly formation in the ionosphere bound with the diurnal dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer, which regulates the height distribution of cluster ions.

Method for Determining the Ultimate Strain for Rocks of the Earth’s Crust from the Magnitude of Relative Slips on the Earth’s Surface after a Strong Earthquake

The ultimate strain value for rocks in aggregate with their other physicomechanical characteristics plays a substantial role when solving different problems related to the bearing capacity and behavior of soils. These include determination of the maximum displacement, velocity, and acceleration values of soils during earthquakes and estimation of the potential strain energy accumulated in a medium during strong earthquake preparation. The latter parameter is also key in predicting earthquakes from the ultimate strain of rocks. The paper describes a technique developed by the author for determining the ultimate strain of soil columns under natural conditions from their relative slope on the surface after a strong earthquake. The empirical dependences of the ultimate strain of rocks on earthquake magnitude, relative slip, rupture length, and the seismic moment are obtained by analyzing their values calculated by the proposed method for 44 strong earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.6–8.5. A comparative analysis of the ultimate strain values obtained by other researchers by geodesic triangulation is performed.

Estimation of Stress/Strain State of Tectonic Structures Using V P /V S Ratios: A Case Study of Seismically Active Zones of the Greater Caucasus, Kura Depression, Transcaucasia, and the Western Caspian Region

Earthquakes, which result from tectonic movements within the bowels of the Earth, reflect spatiotemporal changes in the stress field of the geologic medium. Weak regional earthquakes indicate the activation of some elements of seismotectonic zones and preparation of strong earthquakes. The travel times of Pand S-waves and V P /V S ratios are also a source of information on the regional tectonic setting; sometimes this information helps to reveal blind faults. The paper analyzes local earthquakes in a seismically active region, which comprises the Greater Caucasus, the Kura Depression, Transcaucasia, and the western Caspian Region. Based on a large database of hypocenter parameters, P- and S-wave travel times, and areal V P /V S ratio distributions, we identified seismotectonic zones with characteristic anomalous features and outlined gradient zones where V P /V S anomalies reverse sign. It is found that the V P /V S ratio field complies with the regional stress field and deep seismotectonic setting. Zones where anomalies reverse sign (gradient zones) are most likely confined to blind faults. Areas of the high gradient of the field can be put down to blind tectonic structures (faults) or the incipient sources of future strong earthquakes. V P /V S ratio monitoring and mapping will make it possible to identify the source zones of forthcoming earthquakes.

Coseismic, Postseismic and Interseismic Coulomb Stress Evolution Along the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust Since 1803

The Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust is the most active fault in the Himalayan subduction zone, with a high degree of locking and a large thrust rate. Gaps on the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust have been free of strong earthquakes for hundreds of years and the surrounding areas are densely populated, so it is significant to study the evolution law and the current status of stress along the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust. Based on a lithospheric viscoelastic layered medium model, we analyzed the interseismic stress accumulation along the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust and the coseismic and postseismic stress disturbance on the fault surface caused by nine Mw ≥ 7.5 earthquakes since 1803. The results showed that the stress disturbance along the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust caused by historical earthquakes have promoted most of the subsequent earthquakes, but the coseismic and postseismic stress changes caused by the historical earthquakes on the faulty surface of subsequent earthquakes are not significant, because of the long distance between strong earthquakes. Interseismic stress enhanced the stress level of the majority of fault planes in the study area and played a dominant role in the stress evolution and strong earthquake preparation along the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust. The recurrence interval of Mw 7.5–7.9 earthquakes on the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust is 70–250 years and the recurrence interval of Mw > 8 earthquakes which rupture the whole seismogenic layer may be longer than 500 years. This agrees with historical seismic records. The elapsed time of strong earthquakes in the four seismic gaps is between 460 and 915 years and the possibilities of Mw 8 earthquakes in the future 10 years always exist, including a probability of higher than 50% in three seismic gaps. The peak of cumulative Coulomb stress in the seismic gaps is more than 1 MPa, and the seismic hazard on the Himalayan Main Frontal Thrust needs further attention.

Electromagnetic and acoustic radiations before Kamchatka earthquake

The most probable cause of simultaneous anomalous radiations in electromagnetic and acoustic fields, different in nature, is intensification of deformation processes during strong earthquake preparation. To verify this fact, simultaneous observations of electromagnetic signals and acoustic emission in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 11 kHz were carried out in Kamchatka. In the result of the experiment, radiation bursts appeared about 24 hours before a seismic event with MLH=5.4. Such bursts were not observed on other days within this time of a day in August-September, 2013.

Seismic systems, entropy production law, and ensembles of strong earthquakes

The regularities are revealed which, based on seismic statistics, govern the evolution of the dynamics in the preparation of strong earthquakes within discrete closed volumes of the lithosphere (seismic systems, SSs). This concept was previously formulated as a phenomenological approach based on seismic entropy for real-time monitoring the strong earthquakes. The seismic parameters of cumulative energy and entropy contain the energy–time memory about the previous earthquakes within the considered volume, which allows the real-time description of the nonequilibrium spatiotemporal dynamics of the active volume of the Earth’s lithosphere. The power law relating the information entropy and cumulative energy is theoretically derived, which supports the previously established empirical relationships. In the SSs, the strong earthquakes pertaining to a certain magnitude interval are united into the ensembles forming the seismic cycles which periodically restore the equilibrium state of the system. With the lapse of time, the strong earthquakes of the ensemble tend to fill up the SS. The configuration, the size of the SS, and the minimal parameter of action lead to the selectivity and discreteness of the notion of magnitude of an earthquake, depending on the scale of the system. Each SS has a certain minimal threshold magnitude above which the Gutenberg–Richter law is violated, whereas the indicator earthquakes, governed by the Poisson distribution within the scope of the entropy production law, play a crucial role in the preparation of the strong earthquakes. Some results are illustrated by the example of the recent strong earthquakes in Central Kuriles.

The catastrophic earthquake of April 25, 2015, in Nepal: Analysis of seismological data

The paper analyzes available seismic data of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the catastrophic earthquake with Ms = 7.9 occurred in Nepal on April 25, 2015. It is shown that this earthquake (also called Gorkha) in its coseismic stage reflected the dynamic situation in the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates, and occurred in the area of the Main Frontal Thrust in the Himalayas. In the last 15 years, the seismicity of this area has demonstrated the features of strong earthquake preparation. The study results are presented for the early postseismic stage (in the first month after the mainshock). It is found that the pattern of a decrease in aftershock activity is similar to that obtained by Tatevossian and Aptekman (2008) for the world’s earthquakes with M > 8. It is regular in the first 11–16 days and can be described by the Omori law, whereas on 17th day after the mainshock, the exponent characterizing the rate of change in the flow of events becomes to irregular. The spatial and temporal distribution of aftershocks of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake qualitatively and quantitatively indicates the heterogeneity of a seismogenic interface of the Himalayan arc collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

Open dissipative seismic systems and ensembles of strong earthquakes: energy balance and entropy funnels

A concept of seismic system (SS), which is responsible for the preparation of an ensemble of strong earthquakes, is considered as an open dissipative system exchanging energy and entropy with the environment. Open dissipative SS allow one to describe the equilibrium and non-equilibrium states of SS, and the lithosphere evolution under different plate tectonic settings on the basis of seismostatistics. Several new seismic parameters (‘seismic temperature’, ‘seismic time’, dissipation function, efficiency, inelastic energy, dynamical probability) are defined and proposed for better understanding and describing the dynamical processes. The Sakhalin SS is considered to illustrate the behaviour of proposed parameters. By analogy to Liouville's equation in thermodynamics, it is shown that there is no criterion of instability in the domain where the Gutenberg-Richter law is true. In the proposed approach, the instability origination and the formation of seismogenic structures in the lithosphere are based on the energy versus information entropy power law; the existence of ‘time arrow’ also proceeds from such a dependence. Application of energy and trajectory diagrams enables to describe the preparation of strong earthquakes within an ensemble in terms of slow and fast timescales. These diagrams help perform the spatiotemporal-energy monitoring of the instability origination in the lithosphere. It is shown that the information entropy parameter can serve as a measure of the unknown external energy flow into the system (this energy is supplied for the elastic radiation energy in the earthquake sources and for inelastic processes in the system volume). The property of the ensemble of strong earthquakes is periodically to restore the SS equilibrium state that enables to describe the SS energy balance. The results offer possibilities to estimate the fraction of inelastic energy released by the SS medium during the preparation and occurrence of seismic catastrophes. The construction of phase diagrams and ‘entropy funnels’ in the virtual space (with time, energy and entropy coordinates) can provide new opportunities for the visualization of undetectable processes leading to disastrous earthquakes.

Seismic systems of Japan: Entropy and monitoring of the Tohoku earthquake, March 11, 2011

The seismic entropy method allows us to distinguish the parts of the lithosphere that are the seismic systems responsible for the preparation of strong earthquakes of a certain energy level. A description of the seismic systems in Japan that are responsible for preparation of an ensemble of strong (M ≥ 7.8) earthquakes is presented. The parameters of cumulative energy and entropy allow for the description of the dynamic behavior and temporal evolution of the complex seismically active lithosphere structures around the island of Honshu, which have been formed by the interaction of the Pacific, Philippine and Eurasian plates. The systems and regularities revealed give us the opportunity to monitor the development of seismic processes and to predict the onset of instability at the long-, mediumand short-term stages of preparation of catastrophic earthquakes. The capabilities of the method are shown by online monitoring and the forecast of the recent catastrophic Tohoku earthquake of March 11, 2011, which was based on track and energy diagrams.

Compositional change of seismic event sequences in focal zones during preparation of strong earthquakes

Abstract: The change of the structure of seismic event sequences in focal area in preparation period of strong earthquakes has been studied. Findings show that weak earthquake clustering in time increases in earlier stage of forming of focal area. However, spatial clustering of seismic events rises at the latest stage.

Study on Simulation of Foreshock Activity Properties before Strong Earthquake Using Heterogeneous Cellular Automata Models

Three different degrees of heterogeneous fault models are simulated by using 2-D random dynamic cellular automata models for analyzing macroscopic behaviors of seismic activity evolution influenced by heterogeneity of fault structures. The results show that the heterogeneities of fault structures can influence evolution properties of the foreshock activity and rupture process, such as the mediate heterogeneous and less heterogeneous structures, which show relatively higher ASR rates and more significant seismic gaps before main shocks. Besides, stress drop distribution ranges of the foreshock events when approaching a main shock show more homogenous (narrower) than that of the foreshock events far from a main shock. So the heterogeneity of fault structures plays an important role in strong earthquake preparation processes.

Advance in earthquake prediction by physical simulation on the baikal ice cover

The main challenge in the prediction of tectonic earthquakes and their control is still insufficient awareness of seismotectonic processes in the lithosphere and upper mantle during the preparation of strong earthquakes. This is associated in many respects with not quite appropriate equipment for researchers. Among relevant problems is also a lack of adequate models of preparation of earthquake sources at different stages, and this retards the development of earthquake prediction methods. The paper discusses long-term research on deformation and destruction of the Baikal ice cover in the context of physical mesomechanics. With certain combinations of meteorological factors (wind, temperature, precipitation, undercurrents, etc.) responsible for deformation, major cracks of many kilometers arise in the Baikal ice cover. Their spontaneous growth often involves seismic phenomena as ice quakes whose energy reaches Emax = 104–107 J. The nucleation of major cracks is similar to that of rock bursts of moderate strength or weak earthquakes. It is found that ice quakes and earthquakes are both preceded by foreshocks, seismic calm for tens of minutes, aftershocks and other events against the background of accelerated creep in fractures and increased seismoacoustic activity. Research data make it possible to put forward two genetically interrelated criteria among basic factors for ice quake prediction: variations in deformation modes at convergent boundaries of ice sheets and a specific intensification mode-generation of strong foreshocks in a segment in which ice sheets are prepared for dynamic motion. We substantiate the conclusion that simpler and clearer scenarios of preparation of strong seismic events in the Baikal ice cover allow successful physical simulation of preparation of tectonic earthquakes and rock bursts and advances in their prediction. We also consider and substantiate the feasibility of techniques for more efficient seismic risk reduction.

Is the geodynamic process in preparation of strong earthquakes reflected in the geomagnetic field?

A methodology of detecting geomagnetic variations caused by dangerous geodynamic processes at depth has been developed. This methodology was tested using data from three Japanese observatories within the network of the International project ‘Intermagnet’ (www.intermagnet.org 2011). Anomalous behaviour of the geomagnetic field was detected during the period of the great Tohoku-oki earthquake on 11 March 2011. Theoretical evaluation of the possible mechanisms of these anomalous geomagnetic variations (AGV) has been examined. The possibility of the emergence of an AGV in the vicinity of earthquake epicentres in Japan and their rapid monitoring (online or with a delay of one day) is demonstrated. The main tool of the developed methodology is delineation of the geodynamic magnetic effect by the use of a differential function.

Influence of electromagnetic fields on the seismotectonic strain rate; relaxation and active monitoring of elastic stresses

We study the changes in the rate of seismotectonic strains in the Earth’s crust in two of the most seismically active Central Asian areas, the Garm region in Tadjikistan and the Northern Tien Shan, which are excited by high energy pulsed electromagnetic irradiation. It is shown that in both areas the average rates of strain release increase by a factor of 10–20. The increment of the seismotectonic strains initiated during the entire period of electromagnetic treatment is 1.3 × 10−6–6.3 × 10−6, which is comparable with the value of crustal strains observed during the preparation of strong earthquakes and amounts to 3–13% of the ultimate strains for rocks. Such a contribution to the process of quasi-plastic strains of the crust results in the additional relaxation of elastic stresses by 0.4–1.67 bar, which corresponds to approximately 1–17% of the stress released in the sources of strong earthquakes. The spatial variations in the changes of the strain rate during electromagnetic treatment are studied, and their correlation with the level of stresses in the Earth’s crust is revealed. It is shown that the change in the strain rate during the electromagnetic excitation can be used as the criterion for active monitoring of the stress state of the medium for the purposes of predicting the location, time, and magnitude of strong earthquakes.

Heterogeneities of the field of short-period shear wave attenuation in the lithosphere of Central Asia and their relationship with seismicity

The characteristics of the short-period shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of the Turanian Plate, West Tien Shan, Pamir, and Hindu Kush have been studied. The method based on analysis of the logarithm of the ratio between maximal amplitudes of Sn and Pn waves (Sn/Pn parameter) has been applied. More than 400 records of earthquakes, obtained at distances of ∼400–1000 km from the AAK digital station, have been processed. It has been found that relatively weak attenuation is observed in the regions of the West Tien Shan and Pamir. The largest area of strong attenuation is located in the region of the Afghan-Tadjik Depression adjacent to Hindu Kush. A wide band of low Sn/Pn parameter values, stretched northeastwards, has been distinguished. Along with the analogous band of strong attenuation, distinguished before in the regions of Central Tien Shan and Dzungaria, it is the continuation of the largest Chaman Fault, which stretches 850 km along the boundary of the Indian Plate. Source zones of strong earthquakes with M ≥ 7.0 that occurred in the first half of 20th century correspond to relatively weak attenuation. Areas of high attenuation, where strong seismic events have not occurred for the last 110 years, are outlined. Analogously to other seismoactive regions, it is supposed that these areas are related to preparation of strong earthquakes.

On structured and diffuse seismicity, stiffness of earthquake foci, and nonlinearity of magnitude recurrence graphs

Geological, geophysical and seismogeological studies are now conducted in a more detail and thus provide for determining seismic sources with higher accuracy, from the first meters to first dozens of meters [Waldhauser, Schaff, 2008]. It is now possible to consider uncertainty ellipses of earthquake hypocenters, that are recorded in the updated Earthquake Catalogue, as surfaces of earthquake focus generators. In our article, it is accepted that a maximum horizontal size of an uncertainty ellipse corresponds to an area of a focus generator, and seismic events are thus classified into two groups, earthquakes with nonstiff and stiff foci. Criteria of such a classification are two limits of elastic strain and brittle strain in case of uniaxial (3⋅10–5) or omnidirectional (10–6) compression. The criteria are established from results of analyses of parameters of seismic dislocations and earthquake foci with regard to studies of surface parameters and deformation parameters of fault zones. It is recommendable that the uniaxial compression criterion shall be applied to zones of interaction between tectonic plates, and the unilateral compression criterion shall be applied to low active (interplate) areas. Sample cases demonstrate the use of data sets on nonstiff and stiff foci for separate evaluation of magnitude reoccurrence curves, analyses of structured and dissipated seismicity, review of the physical nature of nonlinearity of recurrence curves and conditions of preparation of strong earthquakes. Changes of parameters of the recurrence curves with changes of data collection square areas are considered. Reviewed are changes of parameters of the recurrence curves during preparation for the Japan major earthquake of 11 March 2011 prior to and after the major shock. It is emphasized that it is important to conduct even more detailed geological and geophysical studies and to improve precision and sensitivity of local seismological monitoring networks in zones of nuclear stations and other hazardous facilities. It is noted that a list of parameters recorded in earthquake catalogues needs to be extended. Based on the above, it will be possible to ensure proper monitoring of stability of the seismic process during construction, operations and decommissioning of nuclear stations.