State Employment Service Research Articles

Vocational training and employment as a tool for professional adaptation of war veterans

Practice has proven that professional training of war veterans is one of the tools of war veterans adaptation policy, formation of adaptation skills and return of ex-servicemen to peaceful life. The authors, raising this current topic, consider the problem of resocialization of veterans and their return to the labor market as a component of the policy of forming an inclusive labor market. With the goal of the research being the development of specific proposals and algorithms for improving the mechanisms of professional training of war veterans and their further employment, the authors analyzed the available foreign experience and bases of sociological surveys. The article examines theoretical aspects and approaches to the professional adaptation of war veterans to civilian life in modern conditions. The theoretical constructions of the study are considered, the characteristics of war veterans and combatants who are persons with disabilities are determined. The possibilities of their adaptation to civilian life in the absence of general demobilization are summarized. It has been proven that the main tool of professional adaptation of war veterans is professional training, but the effectiveness of such training is determined by further employment after its completion. Taking into account the analysis of the situation regarding the professional training of war veterans, which is conducted by the state employment service, the authors highlight the main problems of such training and further employment of this population category. Ignoring the problems of organization, legal regulation of professional training of war veterans and their further employment will have a negative impact on the veterans themselves, their families and society as a whole, which is confirmed by the experience of other countries that dealt with issues of adaptation of war veterans to civilian life. Ways to eliminate the problems and obstacles of professional training of war veterans and their employment for their effective adaptation to civilian life are proposed, including: on the basis of conducting a questionnaire of war veterans, determine their needs in rehabilitation, educational, social, medical services, employment services and professional training; conducting professional training of war veterans taking into account modern military and individual needs of war veterans and others.

Actual problems of the State Employment Service

The article highlights the current issues of the State Employment Service in wartime and suggests ways to solve them. It is noted that the problems of the State Employment Service of Ukraine in modern conditions are of particular importance, given the difficult socio-economic state of the country, caused by military aggression and the corresponding economic consequences. Attention is drawn to the fact that the sharp reduction of jobs, the growth of the unemployment rate, the massive internal displacement of citizens and the strengthening of social inequality have created unprecedented challenges for the employment system. It is concluded that this necessitates research and optimization of the State Employment Service as the leading body responsible for the implementation of state policy in the field of public employment and social protection of the unemployed. The article draws attention to the fact that the State Employment Service of Ukraine has identified several key areas of development aimed at improving the quality of service to citizens and supporting the labor market in conditions of martial law and economic instability. Among the main priorities are the introduction and improvement of active employment programs, the digitalization of services, the development of micro-grant programs and support for the «Recovery Army» project, the continuation of the implementation of the government project «Work on the provision of grants for the creation or development of one’s own business.» The article highlights the ways of implementing the mentioned directions and concludes that the success of the employment service in ensuring the support of employment of the population is manifested through the implementation of such measures as programs for the employment of internally displaced persons, short-term professional training, the provision of micro-grants and the development of compensation initiatives for employers who employ IDPs and war veterans. It is justified that in order to improve the efficiency of the State Employment Service, it is necessary to introduce a number of systemic reforms. These include simplifying procedures for aid recipients, expanding digital services, and ensuring access to vocational training for war-affected citizens. These measures will make it possible to significantly increase the level of employment in the country, ensure stability in the labor market and promote sustainable economic recovery after the end of the war.

Application of the principle of individualization and personalization in the activity of the state employment service: administrative and legal aspect

The article examines and argues for the use of the principle of individualization and personalization in the work of the State Employment Service, which functions as an executive body. The author considers approaches to individualization and personalization as key elements of state policy regarding employment provision and labor market regulation. The author emphasizes that the analysis of the principles governing the activities of the State Employment Service is a fundamental and critically important aspect for the organization and effective functioning of this institution. The article analyzes the meaning and application of the principle of individualization and personalization in the activity of the State Employment Service in Ukraine from an administrative and legal perspective. The importance of establishing clear normative definitions of these principles is emphasized, as they determine the basic standards and norms for the functioning of state bodies. In particular, insufficient regulation can lead to differences in their understanding and application, complicating the planning and organization of activities. The author analyzes the international experience of applying the principle of “case management” and points out the need to introduce individually oriented support methods for each unemployed person in Ukraine. Particular emphasis is placed on innovations, including the reform of the organizational structure of the State Employment Service, which is aimed at increasing efficiency and customer focus. In particular, the introduction of a career counselor as an institution demonstrates the authority’s desire to provide an individual approach and personalized support to each client. An analysis of the career counselor’s functions confirms its focus on developing individual career plans for clients, taking into account their personal needs and capabilities. Manifestations of the application of the principle of individualization in the activities of the State Employment Service are considered, in particular, through drawing up an individual employment plan with a job seeker. The author emphasizes that this plan is a program of cooperation between the unemployed and a career counselor, aimed at organizing and ensuring the provision of social services in the field of employment. Special attention is paid to the expected positive impact of such an individual approach on the effectiveness of the job search and compliance with the needs of employers . It was concluded that in the context of the activity of the State Employment Service, the principle of individual approach and personalization is manifested in the expansion of the range of services for clients, taking into account their unique needs, level of professional training, motivation and readiness for mobility. This approach becomes an important component of the development strategy of the state employment service and contributes to increasing its effectiveness in achieving the goal of creating conditions for active employment of the population.

Расширение деятельности государственной службы занятости населения по обслуживанию отдельных категорий граждан: зарубежный опыт

In the Russian Federation, since 2019, at the initiative of the Government of the Russian Federation, large-scale measures are being implemented within the framework of the National Demography Project to modernize the state employment service. The paper substantiates the need to study the foreign experience of the functioning of similar bodies and its adaptation to Russian conditions. The paper presents the approaches used in the practice of public employment services in some countries of the European Union. The examples of Belgium, Romania, France and Greece show the possibilities of expanding the categories of citizens served and ensuring the inclusiveness of the labor market.

Unconditional Endowment and Acceptance of Taxes: A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment on UBI with Unemployed

Abstract A universal basic income (UBI) would be a guaranteed income floor for both the employed and the unemployed, from which economic theory predicts a gain in bargaining power and a disincentive to work. For high earners, the increase in taxes necessary to fund this program would decrease their motivation to earn. To assess these aspects, we conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment at a State Employment Service office in Spain. The unemployed participants received either an initial unconditional endowment, framed under the logic of the solidarity condition of UBI (UBI treatment) – to examine the taxes’ effect – or as a participation fee (FEE) or no initial endowment (NONUBI). Subsequently, they faced one default randomized task from a set of four paid real-effort tasks. To study bargaining power, they could change the task up to three times and/or skip all tasks and conclude the experiment. In the FEE treatment, they yielded the highest earnings. While we did not find a statistically significant difference in earnings between the FEE and the NON-UBI treatments, the UBI differed from the NON-UBI and FEE. A likely reason could be a crowding-out of motivation by the pressure to reciprocate without believing in other participants’ deservingness of the UBI. In addition, the results reveal that females change tasks more frequently than males.

WORK OF SOCIAL WORKERS WITH YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE STATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE

The article highlights the peculiarities of the work of social workers with young people inthe State Employment Service. It is established that social workers working in the Employment Center play an important role in job search. The functions of social workers in this center are listed. It is established that the State Employment Service is coordinated by the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. The rights of the employed population guaranteed by the state during employment are listed. The types of services provided by the Khrystynivka District Employment Center to employers are described. Statistics of persons registered with the Khrystynivka District Employment Center are presented.Ukraine has many problems, and they have become even more numerous since the start of the war. These events have created a number of difficulties in both the economic and social spheres. Unemployment is one of the most important problems of our time. The State Employment Service (SES) is one of the most important institutions both in developing employment policy and labor market regulation at the national level and in stimulating employment in the regions. Building the capacity of the State Employment Service at the national, regional and local levels is one of the important prerequisites for improving the quality and efficiency of services to the unemployed and employers.Social workers play an important role in helping people who come to the employment center, acting not only as intermediaries between employers and young people, but also as active participants in the process of creating favorable conditions for labor self-realization and career development of young people. In this context, it is important to consider the aspects of social workers’ work aimed at fostering social responsibility, developing skills, and increasing the competitiveness of young people in the labor market.

LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A YEAR OF FULL-SCALE WAR

The main purpose of this research article is a comprehensive study of the transformational impact of a full-scale war on the labour market, with a special focus on the challenges posed by labour force dynamics in the context of the Ukrainian economy. Through rigorous analysis and empirical research, the paper aims to identify and highlight the multifaceted changes that occur in the labour market during conflict, shedding light on the complex relationship between war-induced factors and the composition of the labour force. By examining these dynamics, the paper aims to make a valuable contribution to policy and strategic decision-making aimed at mitigating the negative effects of war on the labour market, which will ultimately contribute to sustainable economic recovery and development after the conflict ends. Methodology. This research article uses secondary analysis of data from the State Employment Service, as well as the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The practical implementation of the conclusions outlined in this article involves the formulation of targeted recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy on the labour market in Ukraine, in particular, with a focus on the restoration of human resources in the post-conflict period. Drawing on the findings of a comprehensive analysis of war-induced labour market changes, these practical recommendations aim to offer actionable strategies for policy makers and stakeholders. Emphasising the need for rapid and adaptive interventions, the authors call for evidence-based decision-making to address the identified challenges. The practical implementation of these recommendations aims to guide the development and implementation of policies that will not only mitigate the immediate impact of the war on the labour market, but also contribute to the long-term sustainability and stability of the Ukrainian labour force. Value/Originality. Current trends in the labour market are analysed. The main threats to the labour market of Ukraine and the impact on the supply and demand of labour under martial law are identified. The author proposes to regulate the professional and qualification imbalance in the labour market through the system of advanced training or retraining of employees seeking employment in a profession in demand in the economy; spreading new forms of employment and supporting self-employment; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent conditions and remuneration.

СТАН РИНКУ ПРАЦІ ТА МОТИВАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

In the article, the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and employee motivation are analyzed, existing problems regarding these issues are identified, and ways to address them are outlined. Materials prepared by the Razumkov Center, administrative data from the State Employment Service, data from recruitment agencies and job search resources, as well as information from the European Business Association, and the results of surveys of HR specialists from various sectors of the country's economy were used for the analysis of the Ukrainian labor market in wartime conditions. Based on the works of Kolot A.M., Nazarova G.V., and others, the practical significance of increasing work motivation in crisis conditions is revealed. The interest of scholars and researchers in the chosen topic confirms its relevance and the need for further analysis. The following methods were used for the analysis of the labor market and work motivation: mass statistical observation, comparative and abstract-logical methods to formulate conclusions and proposals. As a result of the research, the authors concluded that the labor market in Ukraine has undergone significant influences in wartime conditions, significantly altering its structure and dynamics. Currently, it is characterized by the following specific features: instability and uncertainty, rising unemployment, changes in the sectoral structure, mass migration of labor force from Ukraine abroad, increased demand due to military needs for specialists in defense and medical fields, etc. Identifying current problems in the Ukrainian labor market allows identifying ways to stabilize it, including rapid restoration of destroyed objects, creation of new jobs, providing support to the unemployed and displaced persons, as well as implementing retraining, qualification improvement programs and work motivation to ensure population adaptation to changed conditions. Measures to stabilize the labor market and increase work motivation in wartime conditions are of great importance both for the effectiveness of solving military tasks and for supporting stability and development in all areas of the country's life.

Формування людського капіталу підприємства в межах рекрутингу

The article summarizes the important elements of recruiting, which demonstrates to business entities the current state of personnel recruitment and will be practical advice for enterprises (firms) that are just thinking about modern methods of personnel selection and recruitment. The aim of the article is to generalize the experience of hiring personnel from the standpoint of recruiting (both at the level of employer enterprises and at the level of agencies, i. e. recruiting companies). The authors summarized the essence of the recruiting (recruitment) process, subject composition, significance for the enterprise, modern popular options for recruiting personnel, modern recruiting technologies, areas of business that serve recruitment, methods (tools) of recruitment. Recruiting in its general form is a set of actions to provide the enterprise (employer) with personnel with the necessary competencies – quantitative and qualitative provision of the enterprise’s workers. The subject composition of recruiting includes: re-cruiters (they represent recruiting companies, personnel agencies, funds and centers, State structures for the selection of candidates to fill vacancies); employees of the personnel department, heads of divi-sions in which there are vacancies, psychologists, polygraph examiners, handwriting experts, experts and other personnel recruitment specialists (they represent relevant divisions of the enterprise or pro-fessional structures (agencies)). The advantages and disadvantages of internal and external sources of personnel recruitment are presented. Common options for job search and personnel selection are: direct application to the employer, publication of vacancies, personal recommendations, internal personnel reserve, niche resources for mass recruitment. Recruiting services (external recruitment) are used by various areas of business: pharmaceutical, IT, finance, banking, etc. If we distinguish between the announcement and closing of vacancies by the State-owned recruiting structures (State employment service bodies) and private recruiting companies, then the State recruiting structures mainly serve or-ders (vacancies) of the State-owned enterprises, organizations, and private companies – orders (vacan-cies) of private economic entities. Regardless of the type of recruiting (internal, external), the same methods (tools) are used: traditional, additional and innovative. Knowing how to apply recruiting me-thods (tools) helps HR managers to select the best job candidates. The principles of classical recruiting are considered as the most important from the point of view of overcoming unemployment and per-sonnel selection: systematization, democratization, individualization, informatization, goal orientation, delegation. The priority directions for improving recruiting activity are summarized (improving the quality of hiring, or recruitment efficiency); speeding up hiring (recruitment); increasing the flow of quality candidates for vacant positions; automating recruiting procedures; increasing employee reten-tion rates (i. e., reducing turnover and increasing employee commitment); ensuring diversity in hiring (recruitment of employees by ethnic indicators, gender, age, experience, etc.). An analysis of the quali-fication characteristics of managers, specialists, and workers was carried out, which made it possible to determine the main components of the required human capital from the point of view of the division of employees into professional groups: management personnel (intellectual component , motivational, cultural, social, economic, creative, educational, professional, environmental, social, informational, use of time); personnel from production activities (demographic component, health, educational compo-nent, professional (activity) component).

Правовые проблемы применения исполнительной пробации

The article identifies legal issues of applying executive probation. Firstly, there are gaps in the mechanism of interaction of federal executive bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, penal inspectorates, state employment service institutions, social service organizations, local governments, civil society institutions, and citizens in the sphere of probation. Secondly, some provisions of the probation legislation are not consistent with the sectoral legislation on employment and social services for citizens in the Russian Federation. The current situation in this sphere affects the implementation of the rights and obligations of penal inspectorates, as well as enforcement in executive probation of the rights and legitimate interests of persons sentenced to punishments and other measures of a criminal-legal nature not related to imprisonment who were conditionally released early. Proposals are formulated to improve the legislation on probation and the legislation on employment of the population and/or social services for citizens in the Russian Federation: unification of criteria for individual need for resocialization, social adaptation and social rehabilitation, and also means of ensuring the implementation of measures for resocialization, social adaptation, and social rehabilitation of convicts subject to executive probation.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ЕКОНОМІЧНО АКТИВНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ КРАЇНИ

The article examines the essential characteristics of the state of the economically active population and defines its specific characteristics under the conditions of the Russian war in Ukraine. It is shown that the state of the economically active population is not stable, unchanged, which is explained by the presence of certain reasons. Among them, the following are highlighted: 1) a single, original element of the economically active population is a single person with his physiological and age limitations; 2) employment and unemployment are always derived from the degree of business activity in the country's national economy; 3) force majeure circumstances may occur in real life (natural disasters, military actions, etc.). It was noted that now, under the conditions of the war, there is a significant, almost critical excess of the outflow of the able-bodied population over its inflow. Since the definition of the concept of "economically active population" is based on the criterion of work, the work first, on the basis of an abstract-logical approach, defines the characteristic features of the processes of modern labor activity of working people, and then singles out negative changes in the content and nature of work during the destructive war. when workers are subjected to additional, significant physical, psychological and stressful load, the level of danger in labor activity increases. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the fundamentally new, positive trends of uniting workers into united labor teams with unified values and increased responsibility of each, due to the focus of all Ukrainians on achieving victory in the war. Some attention is paid to considering the problem of unemployment during the war, approaches to reducing the gap between the number of officially registered unemployed and the availability of job vacancies. The need to strengthen state regulation of all processes related to the state of the economically active population and intensifying the search for reserves to increase the efficiency of the use of the country's human production potential is substantiated. At the same time, the intensification of the activities of state employment services is of great importance, since they have a more reliable information base on the state of the economically active population at the territorial level.

Principles of the organization and activities of the state employment service

Introduction. The article provides a classification of the principles of activity of the State Employment Service as a special body of executive power. The category of general, special and special principles, which are the basic ideas of the functioning of the State Employment Service, is singled out. Summary of the main results of the study. The author notes that considering the principles of the State Employment Service is a key and extremely important aspect of its organization and functioning. It is emphasized that ensuring the compliance of the actions of the employment service with the established principles guarantees legal compliance in all cases related to the employment of citizens and contributes to the creation of a fair and effective system of employment support. It is noted that the principles by which the executive bodies work form a legal category that establishes the regulatory and legal basis for controlling the activities of the executive bodies in Ukraine. These principles define the standards and rules that govern the functioning of these bodies, establishing the framework and conditions under which they must act in accordance with the law. It was noted that the principles by which the State Employment Service works are divided into three groups: general, special and special. General principles constitute the basic principles of the functioning of most public bodies. Special principles reflect certain aspects of the activity of specific public authorities. The special principles of the State Employment Service take into account its unique mission and exclusive tasks in the field of ensuring employment of citizens. These principles determine the specificity of approaches and methods used to achieve employment goals. They take into account the individual needs of different social groups and contribute to the development and implementation of programs aimed at supporting and developing the labor market, providing citizens with opportunities for employment and professional growth Conclusions. It was concluded that for optimal and high-quality work of the State Employment Service, a clear system of principles enshrined in legislation is necessary, which will determine its structure and methods of activity. Among the principles of organization and activity of the State Employment Service, the principle of mentoring, the principle of innovation and adaptation, and the principle of social policy are singled out as special principles of the State Employment Service.

Специфіка формування конкурентних переваг ЗВО на основі ціннісного підходу в умовах війни

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the formation of competitive advantages by higher education institutions in the context of war based on a value-based approach. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a system of general sci-entific and special methods of scientific knowledge, which are directly related to the purpose and objectives of the study. The research methods used in the study include statistical, comparative analysis and generalisation methods to identify the factors influencing the change in demand in war-time. Index methods were used to assess the severity of competition and the core of the higher edu-cation market. The method of hierarchy analysis by T. Saaty was used to establish the weight of value criteria by students, independent of the subjectivity of their choice. Findings. It has been found that in the higher education market, the concept of marketing in-stitutionalisation was applied in response to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the specifics of higher education institutions in wartime. This has forced the educational, scientific and innova-tive components of higher education institutions to undergo dramatic changes. Based on the analysis of the competitive environment of higher education institutions and the results of a marketing study of student opinion, the value parameters of students' choice of higher education institutions in times of war are identified. The value parameters of the choice of higher education institutions include: the level of qualification of the teaching staff; the region of location of higher education institutions; cooperation with foreign universities; reviews in social networks; and the availability of the chosen speciality. Using the method of hierarchy analysis, T. Saaty has established a ranking of universities ac-cording to the criteria that are valuable for students. As a result of the study, recommendations are made on the implementation of value parameters of students' choice of higher education institutions in the model of providing educational services of higher education institutions. It is proved that the model of providing educational services of higher education institutions should be developed taking into account the strategic directions of development of higher education institutions, hierarchical, value-based approaches, added value and complementary development of related and compatible sectors of the economy. Practical implications. The model of providing educational services by higher education insti-tutions based on the value-based approach is recommended to be used in the development of pro-grammes to motivate students to return to the country after completing their studies in order to re-store Ukraine's economy in the post-war period by the marketing departments of such institutions as the Ministry of Digital Transformation, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, the State Employment Service under the Ministry of Econo-my of Ukraine and other institutions. Value. The implementation of value-based parameters of choice by higher education institu-tions in the model of providing educational services by higher education institutions increases the ability for dynamic growth in innovation and integration, adaptive flexibility to changes in the glob-al higher education market, and ensures the realisation of national interests in education. Taking in-to account international rankings will help to raise awareness among consumers of educational ser-vices about the priority of educational services, identify the professionalism of staff, improve the quality of management of educational processes, and facilitate the integration of higher education institutions into the international scientific and educational space.

Problems of development of employment legislation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the provisions of Draft Law no. 275599-8 of the new federal law on employment. The focus of the research is on the effectiveness and procedural provisions of the activities of Russian employment services, some foreign models of effective activities of state employment services. Using the author’s approach to solving employment problems, which remains relevant, justified in his doctoral dissertation in 2006, the author assesses the conceptual approach of draft law no. 275599-8 as excessively conservative, requiring adjustments in terms of strengthening state integrated regulation, wider use of new non-traditional approaches in regulation, in particular — the inclusion in the draft law of the main procedural provisions of the modernized standards of the activity of the employment service bodies, which are already used in the practice of a number of employment centers. The fundamental contradictions of the analyzed draft law are revealed, and based on the results of the analysis, ways to improve employment legislation are proposed.

Features of the organizational and legal activities of the state employment service during military situation

Introduction. The article considers the main aspects of military situation as a special legal regime. The peculiarities of the organizational and legal activity of the State Employment Service during the period of military situation are determined. Summary of the main results of the study. The author focused attention on the fact that the issue of the specifics of the organizational and legal activity of the State Employment Service is relevant under modern conditions in connection with the maintenance of the legal regime of military situation on the territory of Ukraine due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It was emphasized that in the conditions of military situation it is extremely important to ensure prompt, proper and effective functioning of employment centers. It is noted that in order to ensure the effective operation of the sphere of employment and vital needs of the population during the period of military situation, the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Government, the Verkhovna Rada and other central bodies of the executive power make a number of quick, operative and effective decisions. The main powers of the State Employment Service, which acts as the main body of executive power responsible for ensuring the realization of citizens' right to employment during military situation, are described. In the context of military situation, the activity of the State Employment Service is significantly different from what it carries out in peacetime. Attention is drawn to the fact that during military situation, the State Employment Service performs its tasks with a greater emphasis on support and assistance to citizens who suffered from military actions or lost their jobs due to the negative consequences of the conflict. It implements additional measures, such as the provision of social benefits, assistance in employment and support during the search for a new job. The State Employment Service is actively engaged in retraining and upskilling of workers to help them adapt to changes in the labor market that may arise as a result of the military situation. It develops and conducts special trainings, seminars and educational programs aimed at developing new skills and abilities needed in new conditions. Conclusions. It was concluded that the organizational and legal activity of the State Employment Service is expanded in the conditions of military situation and plays a significant role in realizing the human right to work and receiving social services.

АНАЛІЗ ТРЕНДІВ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ: КЛЮЧОВІ ЗМІНИ ТА ВИКЛИКИ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ

The article is devoted to the generalization of the changes taking place in the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of the war based on the analysis of its development trends, as well as the identification of challenges affecting the human resources of the economy. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that currently in Ukraine, business needs comprehensive and accessible information about the state and trends of the labor market in order to make sound management decisions in the field of personnel support and develop appropriate measures in response to the challenges experienced by the labor market in the conditions of martial law. The research was conducted using the information base of the State Employment Service, as well as on the basis of processing the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The dynamics of the unemployment rate in Ukraine and the load on 1 vacancy were analyzed, special attention was paid to the category of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the labor market. It was determined that IDPs are a potential source of solving the problem of business staffing in wartime conditions. The trends of the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of war, which take place from the side of labor supply and demand, are summarized. The challenges of wartime, which the labor market of Ukraine feels most acutely, are defined as follows: settlement of the regional imbalance of the labor force; settlement of the professional and qualification imbalance in the labor market, in particular through the formation (in the updated system of professional education) of jobseekers with the skills required by the economy; promoting the integration of IDPs into the labor market of host communities; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent and inclusive working conditions; stimulation of effective employment of women and youth; spread of new forms of employment and support of self-employment.

Public Employment Policy in Conditions of Uncertainty and Digital Changes

The scientific study analyzed the state of employment of the population in Ukraine under martial law. Established that the problems of employment of the population as a result of military operations include: forced mass migration of the population, reduction of the economically active population, an increase in the level of unemployment, deterioration of working conditions, a decrease in the practical demand for highly qualified workers and a simultaneous increase in the need for low-skilled labor, etc. Substantiated that the public policy of employment in conditions of uncertainty should have an anti-crisis character and be aimed at creating an opportunity to restore the economic activity of the population in new living and working conditions. Also, attention was focused on the fact that public employment policy in conditions of uncertainty should prepare the ground for the formation of digital competencies and practices of labor market participants, in particular, highly qualified employees of the service sector, knowledge-intensive and technological business activities. Two directions of public employment policy in conditions of uncertainty are considered, namely, anti-crisis, which includes the government program of relocation of enterprises, state support to employers by providing them with preferential lending under the program "Affordable loans 5-7-9%", creation of new jobs, application targeted measures to support employment, development and implementation of programs to ensure employee mobility and retraining, etc.; and digital – the government grant program eRobota, which provides grants to Ukrainians through digital interaction tools for starting a business, developing entrepreneurship and training. Proven that in conditions of crisis and uncertainty in the economy, effective means of public employment policy are: the provision of state orders for goods and works in connection with the creation of new (temporary) jobs and organizational and resource support for entrepreneurship and self-employment of the population in rural areas. Attention was focused on the importance of forming up-to-date digital competences of employees. Proposed to create a Center for the formation of digital competences within the State Employment Service of Ukraine, to carry out work on the organization of training digital competences of persons who hold managerial positions in the private, public, and non-profit sectors of the economy, with the aim of improving their qualifications, conducting thematic trainings.

Professional orientation of young people as a factor of effective development of the labor market

Professional orientation of young people, carried out by specialists of the state employment service, is one of the main tools for regulating the employment market. In domestic and foreign practice, there are many works devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of the professional identity of young people and the impact of professional orientation on the labor market and society as a whole. However, one can observe the problem of the lack of a comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis of the effectiveness of youth vocational guidance technologies within the framework of the state employment service. In this regard, the subject of the study is the role of professional orientation of young people in the process of forming the employment market. Based on the results of the socio-philosophical analysis of the studied social phenomenon, the existing organizational and managerial problems in the process of providing public services for professional orientation were identified. Therefore, within the framework of the study, the factors contributing to the improvement of the managerial activities of specialists in the field of youth employment promotion were analyzed and identified. Thus, the results obtained can be applied by specialized specialists of state and municipal administration in order to increase the effectiveness of professional orientation of young citizens. The implementation of the results of the research into practical activities can contribute to a more rational distribution of labor resources and solve the problem of youth employment.

Educational and Occupational Potential of Ukraine: Main Challenges and Ways of Improvement Under Current Conditions

Problems of the skills development and the quality of human capital became the priorities of the current socio-economic development. That’s why the relevance of the investigation of the main trends in the formation and development of the human potential of country (especially, educational and qualification component) significantly increased. However, the possibilities for the stable and effective development of the labour market and vocational education system in Ukraine are limited because of the influence of war. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the specific features of the development of educational and occupational potential of country under the influence of war, to define the main challenges of its development connected with constrains and limitations of effective realization during this period of time. The aim of the paper is to identify the challenges and threats to the realization of the educational and occupational potential of Ukraine under current conditions, to determine the ways of the development of employees’ individual skills and competencies needed under conditions of post-war recovery period. In order to achieve the defined aim, the authors have used data of sociological surveys, as well as all available sources of information (especially, data of State Employment Service, opendata). During research process, such research methods as analysis and synthesis, system analysis, scientific abstraction, comparison, generalization, logical approach were used. The results of the study made it possible to define that the quality of educational and occupational potential depends not only on the demographic basis of labour force reproduction, but also on the readiness of the employees to acquire new skills, to upgrade qualifications. It was also defined that the negative trends in the development of the vocational education and training (VET) system significantly increased under conditions of war due to: the damage to the network of vocational education schools in the regions affected by hostilities; the significant scale of external and internal migration; the disruption of established coordination relations between enterprises and vocational education schools; the aggravation of the problems of VET schools financing. Calculations of the structural changes intensity coefficients (by 25 most popular occupations) indicates a higher probability of balancing the list of occupations for which vocational education schools provide training with the dynamics of changes and the occupational structure of vacancies (taking into account the degree of load on the part of unemployed). Results of calculations can be taken into account when determining the number of students and the structure of training organized by vocational education schools and employment centres. During the investigation process, it was proved that the factors related to the employees’ incentive for training, retraining, acquiring skills and competencies necessary for increasing competitiveness in the labour market, realizing their educational and occupational potential are also important. The aggravation of the problems of realization and development of the educational and occupational potential of internally displaced persons was defined as a serious challenge. Based on the results of surveys, it was outlined that internally displaced persons are interested in receiving professional assistance for career development and employment, but not able to formulate specific requests regarding areas of study and assistance. In the paper the necessity of the widening of the ‘work-based learning’ practice (training organized at the workplace), which will contribute to the integration of training at the work -place and formal (academic) training for the acquisition of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ skills, is suggested and proved. The main ways of the minimization of the risks and threats of ensuring the professional development of the labour force, the development of the educational and occupational potential of the labour force were proposed in paper. The conclusions of this article can be useful for elaboration of the measures of educational and employment policies aimed at the improvement of the quality of educational and occupational potential of the labour force in Ukraine during war and post-war recovery period.

Strategies for Effective Employment in the Context of the Risks of the Russian Labor Market: Formal and Informal Channels of Job Search

The weakness of institutional employment intermediaries and significant asymmetry of information remain among the main risk factors in the labor market. In this regard, the issue of researching existing ways to minimize them does not lose its relevance. The object of the study is effective employment. The subject is attracted channels and employment strategies. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the foundations of the concept of social capital, the study of the functioning of social capital in the Russian labor market, the concept of the egoset and the social graph. The basis of the empirical analysis was the data of state statistics. Secondary data analysis is also used in the work. The basis of the retrospective analysis was made up of monitoring data on youth issues conducted by the Socio-Political Research Sector of the Institute of Socio-Economic Research of the UFIC RAS in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the intensity of the use of formal and informal employment channels. The experience of existing research in the field of employment is summarized and its leading strategies in the modern Russian labor market are determined. It is proved that, functioning in the modern labor market, it is social capital that is able to fulfill the role of a buffer and continues to lead and strengthen as one of the most powerful resources for effective employment. The reasons for the low intensity of involvement of formal – institutional intermediaries in the labor market in the employment strategy are substantiated. A number of the most relevant measures to improve the activities of the state employment service are given.