Situational Approach Research Articles

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ СТРУКТУР В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

This article considers the principles and approaches to project management aimed at the provision of ecosystem services by business structures taking into account the principles of sustainable development. The authors emphasize the importance of an integrated approach that takes into account the interrelationships between economic, environmental and social aspects of projects. The article emphasizes the importance of involving all stakeholders and partners in order to achieve the most positive results. The essence of environmental projects and the main elements of the implementation of environmental project management have been studied. Modern approaches to environmental project management are described. Aspects of effective use of resources, measurement of results and risk management are considered in detail. It also emphasizes the importance of innovation, an ethical approach and a long-term perspective in project planning and implementation. This article is a useful resource for managers, entrepreneurs and professionals who are interested in the integration of sustainable development and business projects based on ecosystem services. The negative impact on the environment is associated with outdated management approaches and requires the development of scientific recommendations in the environmental field. The following main principles of managing the implementation of environmental projects are defined: priority, purposefulness, safety, systematicity, complexity, ensuring the most effective use. On the basis of these principles, management of ecosystem services projects can be carried out using systemic, process and situational approaches. Managing environmental projects and developing environmental strategies allows companies to develop more intensively and gain an additional competitive advantage in the market for two reasons: more appropriate use of resources and environmental management. International environmental programs and projects operate in Ukraine to prevent, effectively regulate and solve environmental and economic problems.

Evaluation of end tidal capnography and upper airway ultrasonography for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement in adult patients undergoing elective surgery: Capnography versus ultrasonography for endotracheal tube placement

Introduction: Capnography has been considered the gold standard method for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement. The current cross-sectional observational study was undertaken to compare upper airway ultrasonography and capnography for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: 75 adult patients (18-60 years of age) belonging to ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia requiring oral endotracheal intubation were enrolled for the study. After intubation, proper placement of endotracheal tube was confirmed by chest auscultation, end tidal capnography and upper airway ultrasonography simultaneously. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of both capnography and ultrasonography were computed. Results: Using capnography, the position of endotracheal tube was found to be in the trachea in 72 patients (96%) and not in the trachea in 3 patients (4%). Ultrasonography was able to detect all 3 esophageal intubations but failed to confirm 2 endotracheal intubations. Capnography had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values all at 100%. Ultrasonography had sensitivity of 97.22%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 60%. The kappa value was 0.737 which indicates a good correlation between capnography and upper airway ultrasound. Conclusion: Ultrasonography provides a real time dynamic visualization of the endotracheal tube. This study was able to demonstrate that ultrasonography is an acceptable, faster and safer method for confirming endotracheal tube placement. However, further studies are recommended to determine the best approach for emergency situations, patients with a difficult airway, and in critical care settings.

A Novel Perspective on Reliable System Design With Erlang Failures and Realistic Constraints for Incomplete Switching Mechanisms

This study focuses on effectively designing reliable systems. Such systems are capable of withstanding failure events by applying multiple realistic workarounds. These workarounds include allocating redundancy, component reliability, and backup strategy that are considered concurrently as decision variables. In this novel view, the strategy and reliability of components are determined freely and independently to achieve optimality. The research problem is implemented in a general case to audit the capabilities of the proposed approach in realistic situations. This case deploys an Erlang time-to-failure probability density function together with incomplete switching. With its improved reliability and resource functions, the proposed model challenges the existing presumption regarding the superiority of the cold-standby approach in the mentioned field and provides a realistic trade-off between different redundancy strategies. This practical view reflects on reliability, cost, weight, and volume of the switch, simultaneously. The findings revealed that the proposed joint reliability-redundancy allocation problem, with an added freedom of strategy choice, outperforms the pure cold-standby counterpart. Owing to the NP-hard nature of the problem, a simplified particle swarm optimization algorithm is suggested and utilized as a solution method. The performance of the novel view is assessed using multiple benchmark instances including some typical problems from the literature. Our numerical analysis demonstrates the superiority of this approach with our maximum possible index reaching up to %96 compared to the existing results in the past works. Furthermore, the selected solution algorithm is compared with a differential evolution algorithm. We show that this simplified particle swarm optimization algorithm performs considerably better in all tested scenarios.

Совершенствование стратегического планирования экспорта продукции АПК в России

Since 2018, Russia has been actively developing agro-food exports as one of the priority areas of foreign economic activity, thereby implementing an export-oriented model of economic development of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, despite the positive dynamics of the indicators of the implementation of the projects «International cooperation and export», «Export of agricultural products» and the presence of numerous sectoral, sectoral strategies and programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex and its subcomplexes, certain problems of the development of export activities remain, which are intensified under the influence of sanctions pressure, restrictive measures and the transformation of global food markets. The main problem is that despite the presence of a large number of legal documents that reflect the issues of agricultural exports, there is a lack of a targeted vision for its development in the long term. The target indicators of program and strategic documents on the regulation and development of exports of agri-food products in the Russian Federation are not always related to the declared goals, they are predominantly quantitative in nature. In order to resolve the problem, it is proposed to change the types of strategic planning to pre-active with the prospect of developing interactive approaches, review the principles and methodological planning tools, as well as the inclusion of goal setting for various participants in agricultural export planning at different levels of management. To form the concept of pre-active strategic development of exports of agricultural products, methods of comparative analysis, situational and systemic approaches were used. High-quality strategic planning of export activities in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation will allow developing a comprehensive science-based strategy, as well as creating an impulse for the formation of strategies at other levels (regional, municipal), subject to their harmonization. The latter will increase the manageability and efficiency of programs and projects for the development of agricultural exports in the Russian Federation.

Situational and managerial approach to modeling and organizing the system of interaction between universities and enterprises, the labor market and urban infrastructures

The fundamental criteria for the employment of young specialists are given and a forecast the employed university graduates quantity at enterprises in their specialty is made. A simulation model of the interaction of universities with enterprises, the labor market and urban infrastructures, which will allow determining the proportion of university graduates of various specialties demanded by the components of the model is developed and presented. Keywords higher education, simulation model, young professionals, labor market, wages, enterprises

Networks of action situations in social–ecological systems: current approaches and potential futures

“Action situations”—instances of decision-making and agency—have become central to studying social–ecological systems. This special feature collects research using the network of action situations (NAS) approach to structure the way these action situations are embedded into broader interdependent instances of decision-making in different policy or discursive realms, spatial and jurisdictional context, or at different institutional levels. In this editorial, we summarize the key themes that emerged throughout the collection of the 17 articles included in this special feature. The editorial emphasizes the value of NAS in appropriately and sensitively reconstructing relations while pursuing consistency in modes of analysis. It highlights as key themes the complementarity of and disconnects between situations, temporality of NAS, and how NAS can structure the analysis of power in SES. Going further, we suggest expanding on the relational turn, developing NAS archetypes, and studying polycentric governance theories and hypotheses using the NAS approach.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИМИ СТРУКТУРАМИ НА ОСНОВАНИИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ/ПОДХОДОВ

The article presents a comparative analysis of the management systems of business structures based on various concepts/approaches. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the work lies in the development of a comparative table for the analysis of management systems, which highlights and justifies: process, situational and institutional approaches, as well as the system concept and the concept of management by goals. The comparative characteristics according to which it is possible to conduct research on management systems are determined: relevance, object of research, compliance with economic laws, methodological and theoretical justification, construction of optimization models, the presence of institutional elements, complexity in determining variables, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of management systems.

Structural Apathy, Affective Injustice, and the Ecological Crisis

What I call the unfelt in society refers to different ways in which certain events or conditions fail to evoke affective responses or give rise to merely sporadic or toned-down modes of emotive concern. This is evident in public (non)responses to the ecological crisis in the Global North. I sketch an approach to the unfelt, drawing on work in phenomenology and on the situated affectivity approach. I focus on structural apathy as the condition of spatial, social, and cognitive-affective distance from the devastation and suffering caused by capitalist modes of living. Most members of affluent societies live their lives spatially and ‘existentially’ removed from the dehumanizing living conditions of those whose exploited labor and (stolen) land enable and sustain that affluence. The resulting apathy amounts to a constitutional inability to grasp, fathom, and sympathize with the plight of those who are forced to endure those conditions. I hold that structural apathy is an underdiscussed baseline of affective injustice. Its analysis can generate insights into the conditions that make forms of affective injustice so pervasive and seemingly ‘natural’ in Western modernity. While the present text broadly contributes to the debate on affective injustice, it also voices some reservations about this debate and its guiding notion.

Інноваційні технології в логістиці промислових підприємств у період війни та повоєнної розбудови економіки України: корпоративні відносини та інтелектуальна власність

The article is aimed at studying the main changes in logistics during the wartime and, further on, generalizing innovative technologies in industrial logistics in the situation of wartime and concerning the post-war period of economic development of Ukraine, as well as developing proposals for improving the efficiency of their use from the standpoint of corporate relations and intellectual property. The authors’ own structural and logical scheme of the study on the topic «Innovative technologies in the logistics of industrial enterprises during the wartime and in the post-war development of the economy of Ukraine: corporate relations and intellectual property» in a general form is built, the material of the article is presented accordingly. The main changes in logistics that took place during the war of Russian Federation on Ukraine are highlighted. The importance of «innovative technology in the logistics of industrial enterprises» is substantiated from the standpoint of valuating the interests of all stakeholders. In the course of the study, the authors’ own interpretation of this category as new technologies that are created on the basis of the use of intellectual property rights and are able to satisfy the vital interests of all participants in corporate relations by means of applying them in the logistics of industrial enterprises is presented. The promising directions of application of innovative technologies in the logistics of industrial enterprises in the conditions of wartime and in the post-war development of the national economy are generalized. It is noted that the current economy of Ukraine operates in the context of transformation of market relations in accordance with the requirements of the EU, one of which is the formation of the corporate sector for the effective use of pooled capital (both financial and non-financial). The indicators of receipt of applications for objects of property rights (OPR) and for inventions during the period of 2018–2022 are analyzed, the results of the carried out analysis have actualized the issue of motivation for the creation and introduction of the objects of intellectual property rights (OIPR) as a source of innovative technologies in the logistics of industrial enterprises during the wartime and in the post-war development of the economy of Ukraine. The conceptual and logical scheme of creation and implementation of objects of intellectual property rights as a source of innovative technologies in the logistics of industrial corporate associations is visualized on the basis of situational and integrated approaches. It is expected that the recommendations provided will improve the process of management of innovative technologies in the logistics of industrial enterprises, accelerate the restoration, modernization and development of corporate industrial associations, increase the level of satisfaction of vital interests of participants in corporate relations and of the population of Ukraine as a whole concerning both during the wartime and in the post-war development of the national economy.

Науково-теоретичні засади визначення місця потенціалу конкурентоспроможності в структурі економічного потенціалу аграрних підприємств

The article is devoted to the substantiation of methodological provisions regarding identifying the potential of competitiveness in the structure of the economic potential of agrarian enterprises. Identifying the potential of competitiveness is a strategic tool for managing an agrarian enterprise, which helps achieve sustainable success in the target market. The potential of business entities as a complex economic system is considered. The characteristics of the development of potentials, in particular their complexity, dynamism, and the impact of globalization, are substantiated. The attributes of economic systems, such as integrity, complexity, communicativeness, and hierarchy, are considered. Attention is focused on the need to study individual aspects of the potential using models, such as functional or economic-mathematical, depending on the purpose of the study and the available information base. It is determined that the development sources of economic potential, as a single economic system, can be the growth of investment and innovative attractiveness and activity, competition; various forms, methods, and ways of forming and implementing system processes. It is substantiated that the processes of forming the economic potential of business entities require a scientifically based approach and consideration of various aspects. At this, the following scientific approaches should be used: system, marketing, functional, innovative, regulatory, complex, integration, dynamic, optimization, administrative, behavioral, situational, and structural approaches. Applying these approaches allows enterprises to effectively use their potential to achieve strategic and tactical goals in the conditions of market competition. It is proved that, in turn, the following approaches are used in managing the competitiveness potential of agricultural enterprises: functional, instrumental, and process. The combination of these management approaches has helped to create a holistic conception aimed at developing the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises through innovative and investment tools.

Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of data protection in primary education

The protection of personal data and privacy are important issues closely related to use of social media, information and communication technologies, and the Internet in the area of education. The treatment of academic information and use of tools and programs for instruction, communication, and learning have revealed the handling of a significant volume of personal data from different sources. It is essential to protect this information from possible privacy violations. This descriptive study, which is of transversal nonexperimental design, focuses on how 384 pre-service teachers’ enrolled in educational technology courses in their education programs view the protection of personal data. The goals are to describe and analyze how these teachers perceive the risks associated with protection of data on the Internet and what they know about protection of data in primary education. We administered a questionnaire within the framework of an educational activity that focused on digital competence in data protection in education. The results show a high perception of risk in topics such as accepting cookies when surfing the Internet or transferring banking information. The knowledge the students claim to have shown a lack of information on the protection of minors’ data in issues related to the development and schooling of primary school students, as well as their health, background, and family environment. Curricular treatment of these areas that includes content, practices on regulations, and adopts a situated, critical, and responsible approach in pre-service teacher education is recommended.

Cost and Return Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Haryana

The study was carried out in Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, and Karnal districts of Haryana during 2021-22. A total of 210 tomato growers were interviewed to collect data to study the thorough cost and return analysis of tomato cultivation. Tomato cultivation was a profitable venture for farmers with a BC ratio of 1: 1.86. The per hectare cost of cultivation was worked out to be Rs. 305701.14 of which major contributors were rental value of land (24.96%), picking/harvesting charges (15.44%), transportation (11.61%) and nursery raising/seed (5.74%). The gross return, return over variable cost and net return per hectare were Rs. 569528.28, 412210.72, and 263827.14 on an overall basis. The production cost per quintal of tomato was computed to be Rs. 707.23 per quintal. It was suggested that farmers should take tomato cultivation with a business and market-oriented approach to compete with the challenges of the glut situation and opt cooperative approach in the production and selling of crops to avail maximum profit by reducing the cost of inputs and transportation and ultimately improving bargaining and negotiating power for better price availing.

ПРОЦЕСИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ

The article considers a set of terms used in management to reflect a management approach based on the general theory of processes. Ukrainian scientists use the terms "process" and "business process" interchangeably in scientific research on this topic. Taking into account the existing proposals regarding the delimitation of the above, it is proposed to understand business processes as a type of processes that should be separated to denote processes that result in economic values and social effects and that collectively reflect the economic activity of the business entity. Business processes are divided to reflect the system of processes occurring in the enterprise as objects of different levels of management. It is proposed to differentiate the terms depending on the level of the management object. The term "process approach to management" or "process-oriented approach to management" is used to denote the approach to enterprise management. A key feature of this approach is the use of the term "process" to reflect the entire set of processes occurring at the enterprise. This approach extends not only to the display of the management object as a set of processes ("process management"). On the basis of systems theory, it is also possible to structure the management system itself, that is, management influence. In this case, it is appropriate to talk about "process-structured management". At the same time, the smallest object of management in the process approach to management should be considered a specific process of a certain orientation. The term "process management" or, more often, "business process management" is used to denote management activities related to it. To use a managerial approach, it is important to be aware of the relationship between the terms "project" and "process". Projects can and should be used within process, functional, situational or system approaches. Their feature is that they should be used to solve important, but one-time unique tasks. At the same time, it is incorrect and inappropriate to consider the business process as a component of a certain project impractical.

Методы преподавания управленческих дисциплин

The article analyzes experience in teaching management disciplines. The issues of necessity for teaching historical, systemic, situational, personnel and other approaches are considered in detail. The necessity for studying components of noosphere, synergetics and other new theories focused on solving management problems in the future is substantiated. Delivery methods for lectures and seminars, as well as knowledge assessment methods in tests and exams have been studied. It is concluded that the proposed methods can significantly increase classes effectiveness.

Evangelical Black Activism in Brazil - Political Liminality and Situational Configuration ,

Evangelical black activism exists in Brazil since the 1970s. Its current public reemergence, however, is still under-explored in the social sciences. Moreover, part of the specialized literature has recently characterized this activism as incomplete – since its actors are considered to be ‘rejecting African inheritances’ – and advocates that black and evangelical identities are incompatible. Differing from this perspective, this article shows how evangelicals participate in the public problematization of racism; it proposes to address this issue with a non-essentialist approach in three arguments: 01. evangelical black activism has reemerged publicly; 02. actors configure their religious and racial identities according to the problematic situations and public arenas in which they engage, which requires scholars to adopt a situated and relational approach to this form of activism; 03. the ways in which they reemerge and configure their identities are conditioned by the politically liminal situation of evangelical black actors and, consequently, by their need to acquire the status of a legitimate social movement and legitimate evangelicals. This article presents partial results of a research effort conducted between 2019 and 2021, in which qualitative research methods and techniques were used, such as direct and participant observation (in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco), semi-directed interviews, document analysis, and social media monitoring.

Etički i pravni aspekti odnosa s javnošću

Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decision-making process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.

ВПЛИВ МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ПОВЕДІНКУ СПОЖИВАЧІВ

The psychological aspects of consumer behavior were studied, taking into account the influence of the principles of marketing pricing. Various types of consumer behavior on the market and factors affecting it during the purchase of goods are considered. It is noted that the importance of price as a factor in making a purchase decision among consumers is quite high. In the perception of a significant share of consumers, price is an indicator of the quality of a product or service. The higher the buyer's income level, the more often he believes that price is directly related to quality. The considered features of the attitude of consumers to changes in the price level indicate that, depending on the nature of needs, the goals of purchasing products, the motivation of behavior, the level of supply and the influence of other factors, their behavior on the market may manifest itself in different ways. However, there is a certain sequence in these actions, which requires a study of the nature of its manifestation of actions in the process of making a decision by the consumer regarding the purchase of the product and its further implementation. Coordination of the general offer of the enterprise with the requirements of buyers for the quality of goods and their prices is the basis of its success in the sale of products. Taking this into account, the algorithm for forming a consumer's purchase decision when the company's price level changes has been improved. When adjusting the price level, special attention should be given to determining the degree of consumer satisfaction with the company's products, to studying the dynamics and forecasting the level of market prices for similar types of products, to studying competition trends in the market, to analyzing the dynamics of product sales volumes and profits. At the same time, it should focus on ensuring competitive advantages in the market with the help of a new price. The main psychological methods of marketing pricing are described. It is noted that in order to achieve higher efficiency, enterprises need to combine pricing methods, applying a complex situational approach.

Learning from past coevolutionary processes to envision sustainable futures: Extending an action situations approach to the Water-Energy-Food nexus

Despite near-global consensus on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement, unresolved and politically contentious trade-offs have undermined implementation. One exemplary case facing difficult trade-offs are Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus cases. Here, we extend the nascent ‘Social-Ecological Action Situations’ framework to analyse past coevolution of WEF nexus cases (or other social-ecological systems) to envision possible futures where trade-offs are equally considered and minimized. We illustrate the value of the approach for a WEF nexus case in Switzerland with upstream hydropower reservoirs, water-bound biodiversity, and emerging downstream agricultural irrigation needs. The proposed solution-oriented, transformative approach goes beyond existing frameworks by analysing past coevolution of the intertwined system to build system understanding and to envision a future with concrete policies that would result in a higher adaptive capacity of the system and a compromise within the WEF nexus. We argue that this perspective helps to devise policies to address trade-offs in WEF nexus cases and thereby to tackle global crises.

Strategic tools of business adaptation in the conditions of martial law

In modern conditions of the need to adapt business to the conditions of bifurcation, the role of the implementation of the main principles of management, first of all, the ability to adapt to rapid changes in the environment, as well as the situational approach to management, which is the ability to respond adequately and promptly to existing and new threats to the normal business activity The instability of the economic environment during the martial law, the appearance of qualitatively new problems necessitates a theoretical study and substantiation of practical recommendations to ensure the adaptation capabilities of Ukrainian enterprises. Studying the theoretical background of enterprise adaptation, it is possible to single out two conceptual approaches to its semantics and morphological interpretation, namely: instruments of state support and effective implementation of instruments of corporate social responsibility as one of the main directions of ensuring the functioning of not only business, but also solving certain tasks of territorial management under time of martial law. The study was based on the use of: method of comparison, generalization – to clarify and formalize the essence of the concept, graphoanalytical method – to provide clarity of the material and schematic representation of a number of theoretical and practical provisions of the study.

The governance of forest carbon in a subnational climate mitigation system: insights from a network of action situations approach

The governance of forest carbon in a subnational climate mitigation system: insights from a network of action situations approach