Translation Problems Research Articles

Новообразования политической сферы в интернет-пространстве

The article analyses some new lexical units related to the politics. Since politics attracts a great deal of public interest, some phenomena are commented on not only by politicians, but also by non-politicians. The author focuses on new vocabulary that appeared to reflect the mood and situation in contemporary Slovakian society (mainly in the last decade). Most of the studied new forms, especially those formed on the basis of anthroponyms, refer to the period of the coronavirus pandemic and result from the critical attitude of the public to the measures taken (which were much stricter than in other countries). New lexical units with their semantics convey a changing attitude to separate manifestations of ideology, politics, and new reality. The author analyzes the lexicon of the Slovak language and, if there are equivalents of Slovak units in the Czech language, provides units of the Czech language with comments and examples of the use. The article discusses not only the identification of new units, but also the possibility of transferring new forms by means of the Russian language. The author identifies two groups of units: names of the first group are based on common nouns and generally are not difficult to translate. Names of the second group, mainly nonce-words, may cause problems in translation. The author comes up with possible variants of Russianlanguage equivalents for such nonce-words and concludes that when translating this kind of new forms, it is necessary to take into account their context, where words and expressions may acquire completely opposite meanings. The importance of taking background knowledge into account when analysing and translating vocabulary is also emphasized.

Conceptual models in political discourse and problems of translation

Conceptual models in political discourse and problems of translation

Semantic features of language units as a translation problem

Semantic features of language units as a translation problem

LITERARY APPROACH TO THE THEORY OF ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

The research is devoted to substantiating the problem of conveying the individual originality of authentic works into another language as one of the most important issues of literary translation. The author analyzes the origin and development of translation thought and theoretical requirements for Ukrainian translators. The publication shows that throughout the centuries-long history of translation, attempts have been made to theoretically understand and explain the activities of translators, formulate criteria for assessing the quality of translations, and identify factors that influence the course and outcome of the translation process. The author determines that the study of translation from the literary point of view implies the need to consider linguistic phenomena and analyze and evaluate the language means used by translators. The role of translation of fiction of a particular country, reinterpretation or misrepresentation of the original work in translation is also associated with using certain linguistic means. The study of translation itself is impossible without studying its linguistic nature. In a literary work of art, all components of the form, from composition to rhythm and intonation, are aesthetically significant and serve to express the artistic content. The author substantiates the thesis that when translating a literary text, the process of communication (author - translator - recipient) also includes such components as comprehension of the inner, deep, mysterious and hidden meaning signaled by the psychotype of an individual author which is also marked by the national features of the community he represents in his work. It should be noted that within the theory of literary translation there are two main approaches to considering translation problems: linguistic and literary studies. Considerable attention is paid to contrastive translation, application of the principles of anthropocentrism, adaptability and variability.

ПОЭЗИЯ ЭЗРЫ ПАУНДА В ВАРИАНТАХ ПЕРЕВОДА НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК: СТИХОТВОРЕНИЕ “A GIRL” КАК ПРИМЕР ПЕРЕВОДНОЙ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОСТИ

The article, based on the work of domestic and foreign researchers, identifies the features of Ezra Pound's poetry, characterizing it as a translation problem. Based on the Russian translated texts of the poem “A girl”, made by I. Probstein, V. Dukelsky and M. Vzorov, the author of the article explores variants of translational solutions and the variety of approaches to the transmission of the features of the poet's work, which are regarded as predesposing to translation multiplicity.

ТВОРЧЕСКОЕ ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ КАК ВИД АДАПТАЦИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ: ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ИНОСТРАННОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

The paper analyzes creative reinterpretation which is one of the most important tools to be used when translating various kinds of literary works. A number of characteristic features makes such works different from journalistic, science and technical or legal texts. A translator is to consider these features in order to perform his job properly. For example, a translator should bear in mind that a literary work not only performs a communicative function of a language. In addition to bringing certain information to a recipient, these works are intended to have an emotional and esthetic impact. Such impact is one of the manifestations of an author’s original intention, and it is a translator’s duty to make all kinds of efforts to properly bring both the original’s content and features of its expression forms to a recipient. One of the methods to achieve this goal is creative reinterpretation of an original text. Such translation problem doesn’t have any ready-made solutions, which means that future specialists should put much effort to master the skill of creative interpretation. In other words, forming the skill of creative interpretation is one of the most important tasks in teaching both a foreign language and translation practice.

Exploration and Research on Chinese Culture in University English Translation Teaching in the Background of Internet+

Abstract Under the background of Internet+, for the problems of high comprehension difficulty and inaccurate translation in university English translation teaching, this paper proposes the skeleton knowledge translation model to assist university English translation teaching that integrates Chinese culture. Starting from the objectives of university English translation teaching, Chinese culture is explored in university English translation materials to complete the design of university English translation teaching that integrates Chinese culture. Propose the application of Internet technology in the above teaching design, utilize the IBM word alignment model and TF-IDF similarity to preprocess the university English translation textbooks, and on the basis of preprocessing, estimate the probability and decode the generated phrase pairs, and then complete the construction of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge. The English translation model’s performance analysis is carried out using skeleton knowledge after determining the data set and evaluation criteria. The results show that for the whole 400 000 batch training, the training time of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge is about one-fifth less than that of the unsupervised neural machine translation model, indicating that with the increase of the number of rounds, the performance of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge is also better. This study serves as a guide for exploring and researching Chinese culture in university English translation teaching and promotes the development of university English translation teaching in colleges and universities.

Cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanomedicines: productive cancer theranostic tools.

As the second-leading cause of human death, cancer has drawn attention in the area of biomedical research and therapy from all around the world. Certainly, the development of nanotechnology has made it possible for nanoparticles (NPs) to be used as a carrier for delivery systems in the treatment of tumors. This is a biomimetic approach established to craft remedial strategies comprising NPs cloaked with membrane obtained from various natural cells like blood cells, bacterial cells, cancer cells, etc. Here we conduct an in-depth exploration of cell membrane-coated NPs (CMNPs) and their extensive array of applications including drug delivery, vaccination, phototherapy, immunotherapy, MRI imaging, PET imaging, multimodal imaging, gene therapy and a combination of photothermal and chemotherapy. This review article provides a thorough summary of the most recent developments in the use of CMNPs for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It critically assesses the state of research while recognizing significant accomplishments and innovations. Additionally, it indicates ongoing problems in clinical translation and associated queries that warrant deeper research. By doing so, this study encourages creative thinking for future projects in the field of tumor therapy using CMNPs while also educating academics on the present status of CMNP research.

Polyphony of Slovenian Literary Translation: History, Theory, Practice

The review presents a research project implemented at the University of Ljubljana and the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and published with the support of the State Agency for Science of the Republic of Slovenia – a two-volume collective monograph devoted to the problems of national translation. The collective set itself the task to shed light on the role of translation and translators in the development of Slovenian literature, language and culture and to present an objective picture of the connections between Slovenian culture and the cultures of other peoples through the diachronic paradigm of translations both into and from Slovenian. The monograph examines national translation from two scientific angles: the first volume presents the history of the origin, formation and evolution of literary translation as one of the important components of the literary process, while the second volume contains a sociologically and culturally oriented study of the phenomenon of translation as a two-way cultural transfer. The chapters of the first volume reveal the chronology of the formation of translation activity within six historical stages: the Reformation, the Baroque and the Enlightenment, the 19th century, the interwar period, the Tito era and three decades of the independent Republic of Slovenia. The second volume contains three parts: the first presents chapters that give an idea of the exchange of literary translations with native speakers of the main Western, Slavic, as well as a number of other languages. The second chapter is devoted to two-way translations of classics (Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Cankar, etc.) and individual literary genres, while the third contains portraits of forty-five outstanding Slovenian translators of world literature.

生态翻译视角下商业活动中公示语的俄译问题研究

生态翻译视角下商业活动中公示语的俄译问题研究

Mutual Information Guided Diffusion for Zero-Shot Cross-Modality Medical Image Translation.

Cross-modality data translation has attracted great interest in medical image computing. Deep generative models show performance improvement in addressing related challenges. Nevertheless, as a fundamental challenge in image translation, the problem of zero-shot learning cross-modality image translation with fidelity remains unanswered. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel unsupervised zero-shot learning method called Mutual Information guided Diffusion Model, which learns to translate an unseen source image to the target modality by leveraging the inherent statistical consistency of Mutual Information between different modalities. To overcome the prohibitive high dimensional Mutual Information calculation, we propose a differentiable local-wise mutual information layer for conditioning the iterative denoising process. The Local-wise-Mutual-Information-Layer captures identical cross-modality features in the statistical domain, offering diffusion guidance without relying on direct mappings between the source and target domains. This advantage allows our method to adapt to changing source domains without the need for retraining, making it highly practical when sufficient labeled source domain data is not available. We demonstrate the superior performance of MIDiffusion in zero-shot cross-modality translation tasks through empirical comparisons with other generative models, including adversarial-based and diffusion-based models. Finally, we showcase the real-world application of MIDiffusion in 3D zero-shot learning-based cross-modality image segmentation tasks.

Issues and Strategies in English Translation of Public Notices in Light of Text Typology Theory: A Case Study of Zhoushan City

This paper focuses on the English translations of public notices in Zhoushan City, which plays a crucial role in facilitating international tourism development. Zhoushan City boasts abundant tourism resources and aims to attract a global audience. However, the current English translations of public notices have various issues that hinder the comprehensive advancement of public services and the overall upgrading of the tourism industry. Drawing on Newmark’s theory of text type translation, this study examines the existing problems in English translations and proposes suitable solutions to enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of the translations. By standardizing the English translations of public notices, Zhoushan City can create a favorable cultural and tourism environment, improve the international quality of urban tourism, and establish itself as a prominent tourism and cultural brand.

Заголовок у науковій і художній літературі: інтерпретація та переклад з польської мови на українську

The article researches the problem of interpretation and translation of the titles of scientific, popular science and artistic styles. The contemporary linguistic works about the role and place of the title, its relation to the text and its main functions have been analyzed. The ways and methods of translating poetry titles, titles of scientific monographs, their chapters and subchapters have been researched based on the examples of the texts, translated from the Polish into Ukrainian language. While working with the titles, in order to convey their hidden sense accurately and precisely, to make them available to the target culture, a translator does a lot of transformations and adaptations. Among such transformations grammatical and lexical changes have been identified, emphasizing the emergence of fixed phrases, neologisms and terms in the titles, as well as the impact of historical events and social moods on the creation of the title, and so on. Special attention deserves the translation of titles of artistic style, which are strongly tied with the main text and should become a part of the interpretative work with the text. An interesting phenomenon is also the translation of titles of a work ad hoc.

Examining the English Publicity Materials of the Cultural Heritage in Xi’an from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Xi’an, one of the political, economic and cultural centers of ancient China and the starting point of the New Silk Road, has increasingly become an important window through which Chinese culture is introduced to the outside world. The publicity materials of Xi’an cultural attractions contain rich Chinese cultural elements. At present, the study of their English translation in the academic circle is still fragmented, relatively macro and insufficient in the cases, which seriously affects the communication and exchange between Shaanxi and foreign cultures. In this essay, a series of important cultural terms were selected from the publicity materials of Xi’an cultural attractions issued by Shaanxi Tourism Bureau. Then the literal and cultural meanings of these terms in Chinese and English were compared so that the problems in their translation were studied. It is found that there were three kinds of translation problems: disparity in both the literal and cultural meaning; disparity in acquired meaning; disparity in associated cultural meaning. The results of this study have some theoretical value in the translation of important cultural terms, and have certain practical value in introducing the Chinese culture to the rest of the world and improve the image of Xi’an.

Қазақ және түрік тілдеріндегі фразеологизмдердің түрлері мен қызметтері (Б.Соқпақбаевтың «Балалық шаққа саяхат» шығармасы негізінде)

This article is based on the work of Berdibek Sokpakbayev, one of the prominent writers of Kazakh literature, entitled “Balalyk shakka sayahat”. In this work, the meanings of the Kazakh-Turkish phraseological units defined in the book were studied, and the Turkish equivalents of these regular expressions were to be given. First of all, in order to perform translation in the correct way, translator’s ability to offer the connection between sentence elements, commutative/ idiomatic expressions in words and words groups is important. When translating idioms, it is important that translator does not lose the meaning of phrase in the source language. Therefore, another purpose of the research will be identify translation problem encountered between dialect and idiom and show solutions. When the Kazakh Turkish and Turkish idioms are compared, it is also noteworthy that common idioms between the two dialects, different meaningful idioms are established with formally similar looking. This indicates the existence of “trap words” as well as “trap idioms”, which are accepted from false equivalents in inter-dialect translations.

Translating Social Items From the Tibetan Epic “King Gesar” Into English: What a Corpus-Based Analysis Reveals and How It Can Help

The Ge Sa-er (also known as Gesar) saga has been handed down for above 1000 years by Tibetan Chinese, Mongolian Chinese, the Tu and the Naxi, describing a heroic story in present-day Kangba Tibetan area. This article analyse the English translation of social discourse in the Ge Sa-er version retold by Alai (2009). Due to different knowledge shared by source and target readers, it is difficult to represent the source social meaning in the English translation. Aiming to resolve the translation problems revealed by social cognition, this article uses statistical methods together with corpus to conduct stylistic analyses on Ge Sa-er Wang (Alai, 2009). An unexpected finding of this research is that the data from statistical methods can better predict the translation difficulties of Ge Sa-er Wang than the data from corpus. Based on the stylistic features of Ge Sa-er Wang, we propose a social discourse translation model for Chinese ethnic minority literature.

Arapça Soru Üslûbu ve Cevap Cümlelerinde Kullanılan “بلى” Belâ Kelimesinin Türkçeye Çevirisi Problemi

Soru cümleleri, bir yanıt almak amacıyla muhataba yöneltilen söz biçimleridir. Konuşmacı, bu cümleler aracılığı ile bir şey öğrenmek hedefindedir. Her dilin kendi yapısı gereği bu cümleler farklı formlarda kullanılmaktadır. Arapçada da farklı soru cümle türleri bulunmaktadır; olumlu soru cümlesi, tercih belirten soru cümlesi ve olumsuz soru cümlesi gibi. Bu cümle türleri Arap dilindeki en temel soru cümleleridir. Bu çalışma söz konusu soru cümlesi türlerinden olumsuz soru cümlelerine verilen cevapları incelemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı cevap ifadelerinde kullanılan “بلى” belâ kelimesine atfedilen Türkçe çevirilerin hatalı olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bunu yaparken klasik sözlüklerden, temel ve modern nahiv kaynaklarından yararlanarak hem بلى’nin anlamı ve kullanım alanı tespit edilecek hem de bu kelimenin Türkçe karşılığı belirlenecektir. Çalışma özellikle Türkçe mealler üzerine odaklanmaktadır.

THE TRANSLATION OF THEMES FROM ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN NOVEL “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” AND THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION “GIẾT CON CHIM NHẠI”

This paper attempts to examine how Themes in English are translated into Vietnamese. The data for the study are taken from the novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ written by the eminent American novelist Harper Lee and the Vietnamese version ‘Giết con chim nhại’ translated by two Vietnamese translators Huỳnh Kim Oanh and Phạm Viêm Phương. The theoretical framework employed in the study is Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The unit of analysis is independent major clause simplexes in the source text (ST) and their corresponding major independent clause simplexes in the target text (TT). The aspects of analysis and comparison are simple and multiple Themes in declarative, imperative and interrogative clause simplexes. The study shows that most Themes in English clause simplexes are closely translated and retained as Themes in corresponding Vietnamese clause simplexes. The study also indicates that there are a number of translation shifts which are partly due to the differences in clause structure of English and Vietnamese, partly due to the semantic complexity (ambiguity) of some ST question words, and partly due to the translators’ negligence of the role of Theme and its delicate choices in constructing textual meaning in the clause and developing meaning in the texts. It is clear from the study that SFL is highly relevant to translation theory and translation practice: It can stand to benefit the translator from analysis of the ST, to discussion of translation problems, to explanation for establishment of points of translation equivalence and translation shift between the choices in the TT and those in the ST, and to synthesis of the TT – the final product of the translation process.

PECULIARITIES OF LEXICO-SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATIONS APPLICATION IN THE PROCESS OF O. HENRY’S STORY "THE LAST LEAF" TRANSLATION

Objective. The objective of the article is the definition of the concept and specifics of artistic translation; consideration of the concepts of translation adequacy and equivalence, as well as translation transformations; identifying and clarifying the validity of the use of lexical-semantic transformations in the process of translating O. Henry's story "The Last Leaf" into Ukrainian performed by M. Dmytrenko. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using such general scientific and special research methods as the analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of artistic translation and the application of translation transformations; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; an integral approach to the study of linguistic phenomena; comparative, descriptive and analytical methods. Results. The analysis of scientific literature makes it possible to reveal the meaning of artistic translation, which is always a challenge for the translator, as it requires not only a deep knowledge of the original language, the vocabulary of the translated language and thorough knowledge of literary studies, but also significant skills in translation techniques. Due to the inconsistency of individual elements in the original language and the language of translation, differences in the grammatical structures of languages, stylistic features of a specific text, full correspondence is impossible. Therefore, the terms "adequacy" and "equivalence" are used to indicate the relationship between the source text and the final text. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to achieve complete correspondence, identity in the process of translation. In cases where there are no regular equivalents in the target language or they cannot be used in the context, the translator must resort to transformations. After considering different classifications of translation transformations and analyzing Henry's story "The Last Leaf" for the category of lexical-semantic transformations, we can come to the conclusion that contextual substitution, decompression and descriptive translation are most often used by the translator. This is caused, first of all, by the wide lexical potential of the translation language, the need to adapt the source text to the norms of the translation language, as well as reproduce non-equivalent vocabulary and words and phrases that do not have regular counterparts in the target language. Summing up the analysis, it can be noted that the problem of literary translation is complex and controversial, because it is a co-creation of the translator and the author, the success of which depends on the latter's creativity and skillful use of the tools of translation transformations

Translation problems of lexical and semantic correlations from English to Uzbek

Mazkur maqolada leksik bog'lanishlarni tarjima qilishda leksik va semantik xususiyatlarni hisobga olgan holda ularni ingliz tilidan o'zbek tiliga aniq (to'g'ri) tarjima qilishning ahamiyati haqida so'z boradi. Muallif ushbu muammoni o'rganar ekan, leksik birliklarning tarjima muvofiqlik darajasiga ko'ra to'liq muvofiqlik, qisman muvofiqlik va to'liq muvofiqsizlik kabi uch xil bog'lanishlarni aniqlaydi