Moringa Oleifera Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical Assessment and Potential Pharmacological Activity of Moringa Oleifera Extract

Phytochemical Assessment and Potential Pharmacological Activity of Moringa Oleifera Extract

Commercial Chip-based Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensor for Green-synthesized Magnetic Nanoparticles Assay

Owing to their significant roles in multiple sectors, the demand for high-performance, rapid, user-friendly, and low-cost sensors is crucial for biosensing. This paper reports the performance of a commercial chip-based tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor for detecting green-synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as potential magnetic labels. A Simple and low-cost design consisting of a TMR chip ALT-025 integrated with an Arduino microcontroller and a basic differential amplifier was developed to provide real-time and measurable digital readouts. Three kinds of ferrite MNPs (Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4) was synthesized by the coprecipitation method on the green synthesis approach utilizing Moringa Oleifera extracts. All sample have a face-centered cubic inverse spinel structure with average grain size of 10.3 nm, 9.2 nm and 6.1 nm for Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4, respectively. Furthermore, soft ferromagnetic behavior is identified for all sample with magnetization saturation of 55.3 emu/g, 37.6 emu/g, 19.3 emu/g for Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4, respectively. The sensor showed a promising performance in the detection of MNPs. For the three particles, the sensitivity exhibited a linear function of the MNPs concentration. The sensitivity is related not only to the particle size but also to the magnetization of the nanoparticles in the bias field. The change in the output voltage was proportional to the bias magnetization (MBias), indicating that particles with a higher bias magnetization can produce a stronger magnetic stray field on the TMR sensor surface. The sensor system successfully detected MNPs at different stray field intensities. Furthermore, a low limit of detection was achieved using these methods. Moreover, the remarkable stability and repeatability of the sensor is further validated by the steady signal acquired for 30s with an RSD of 0.5-28.5%. Therefore, the integration of commercial chip-based TMR sensors and green-synthesized MNPs has great potential for advancing the detection of various biomolecules.

CCD-optimized Moringa oleifera-based hydrogel for the targeted and controlled release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene: evaluation of hemocompatible, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties

Naturally extracted Moringa oleifera gum has been utilized to synthesize a Moringa oleifera gum-based hydrogel for the pH-responsive sustained release of the anti-cancer drug Raloxifene.

Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Improves Glucose Tolerance, Glycogen Levels, and Liver Health in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Improves Glucose Tolerance, Glycogen Levels, and Liver Health in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Histological Study Of Protective Effects Of The Aqueous Extract Of Moringa Oleifera Seeds On Diclofenac-Induced Livers In Male Rats

The study designed to indicate the protective effect of the hot aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera the seeds of against the harmful effects stimulated by the diclofenac drug in the livers of the male rats. This study was carried out in the animal house of Science College / Department of Biology -University of Kufa from 1/10/2022 to 10/1/2023.
 Thirty animals of adult male rats of type (Rattus rattus) were used in this study which had an average weight of (220 g) and an average age of (12) weeks. The experimental animals of male rats were divided into six groups and each group included five male rats which were treated by dose Orally by means of gastric dosing tool for 35 days andwere as : the 1 group was provided with diet and water only and was a control group, while the 2 group of male rats was dosed with only diclofenac drug at a concentration of (100) mg / kg of body weight, and the 3 group of animals were dosed with hot aqueous extract of plant seeds Moringa oleifera at concentrationof (400 ) mg / kg of body weight and the 4 group of animals were dosed with hot aqueous extract of plant seeds Moringa oleifera at concentrationof (600 ) mg / kg of body weight respectively, while 5 group was dosed with the hot aqueous extract of the seeds of Moringa oleifera at concentration (400 mg/kg of body weight + diclofenac at a concentration of (100) mg/kg of body weight and the last group 6 was dosed with the hot aqueous extract of the seeds of Moringa oleifera at concentration (400 mg/kg of body weight + diclofenac at a concentration of (100) mg/kg of body weight respectively.all the animals of rats were treated in all groups for a period of 35 days and after expermnit end the rats were sacrificed after being anesthetized with chloroform and the livers was extracted from the bodies after they were opened and placed in formalin solution at a concentration of 10% for a period of 48 hours for the purpose for histological study.
 
 
 The results of this study showed that histological sections of liver tissue of rats treated with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds at a concentration of (450 and 600) mg/kg of body weight and there were no pathological changes in the histological structure of the liver as the central vein, sinusoids, and hepatocytes were normal , as the results also revealed by examining the histological sections in the group treated with aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds at concentrations of (450,600) mg/kg of body weight + diclofenac at a concentration (100) mg / kg of body weight the liver tissue was closer to the normal structure with slight changes observed in it such as little necrosis in some liver cells with little widening in sinusoids compared to the control group while the results of the current study showed that the liver tissue of rats treated with diclofenac at a concentration of (100) mg / kg of body weight had suffered from many pathological changes such as expansion of the central vein, widening of the sinusoids, necrosis and degeneration of the liver cells and necrosis of the liver tissue, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in comparison with the normal histological structure of the livers in the control group.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Moringa oleifera extract as an inhibitor of heavy metal phytotoxicity on lettuce germination

The study aimed to analyze the influence of heavy metals of Moringa oleifera extract on the germination process and development of lettuce seedlings, as well as to describe the reduction of toxic effects of heavy metals due to the interaction with the extract. From June to October 2018, four tests were carried out in a completely randomized design, two of which were toxicity tests, with concentrations in mg L-1 of the metals, Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead; one of extract phytotoxicity, using six concentrations in g L-1 of Moringa oleifera seed powder; and another on the interaction between heavy metal solutions and Moringa oleifera extract. In all tests, four repetitions of each treatment were performed. The inhibitory effect of heavy metals and Moringa oleifera extract on lettuce germination was verified. In the interaction between the heavy metal solutions with the Moringa oleifera extract, the concentration of 0.25 g L-1 inhibited the toxicity of the metals Arsenic and Cadmium in the germination process of lettuce seedlings.

Effect of the acidified extract of Moringa oleifera leaves as a supplement in the in vitro culture medium of sheep preantral follicles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the acidified extract of M. oleifera leaves as a supplement into the base medium for in vitro culture of sheep isolated secondary follicles. Follicles were isolated and cultured for 12 days in α-MEM+(supplemented with bovine serum albumin, insulin, glutamine, hypoxanthine, transferrin, selenium, and ascorbic acid) with or without 0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml of the acidified extract of M. oleifera. Follicle morphology, antral cavity formation, follicular and oocyte diameter, glutathione (GSH) concentration, mitochondrial activity and meiotic resumption were evaluated. After 12 days of culture, there was no significant difference among treatments in relation to follicular morphology, antral cavity formation, diameter and mitochondrial activity. Nevertheless, oocytes from follicles cultured in α-MEM+ showed greater GSH concentration than media containing M. oleifera extract. Furthermore, the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml M. oleifera extract significantly increased the percentage of fully grown oocyte (≥ 110 µm) when compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the concentration of 0.4 mg/ml M. oleifera extract as a supplement of the culture medium, maintained the survival, and increased the percentage of fully grown oocytes.

Effect of Aqueous extract of Moringa Olivera leaves( AEMOL) on some characteristics of ram epididymal sperms under cooling conditions

The current study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, for the period from December 3, 2022 to March 9, 2023, to determine the effect of an aqueous extract of Moringa leaves on some characteristics of epididymal sperm of rams under cooling conditions for different periods. The aqueous extract of Moringa leaves was prepared and stored in the refrigerator ( 5 °C) until the time of use, the testicles were transferred to the laboratory less than an hour after the slaughter of the animal, the caudal epididymis was diluted with a Tris extender containing 0.03 concentration of aqueous extract of moringa olivera leaves.The results of this study showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in the percentage of live sperm, individual motility, and the plasma membrane integrity, while the adding of AEMOL leads to a decreasing of the percentage of abnormal sperms. Increasing the cooling hours of sperm leads to a significant decrease in the percentage of live sperm, individual motility, testing the integrity of the plasma membrane with an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. Using the aqueous extract of Moringa leaves at different times led to a significant effect on the individual motility, percentage of the plasma membrane integrity represented by the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) , While the treatment did not significantly affect the percentage of live sperm and abnormal sperm. According to the results of this study we conclude that the aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves improves the characteristics of rams epididymal sperms preserved under cooling conditions for different periods

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using leaf extract of Moringa oleifera, their biological applications, and effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris-: Agricultural synthetic biotechnology for sustainable nutrition

This research aims to design an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing green Selenium nanoparticles by mixing the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and Sodium Selenite solution. The Selenium nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM, EDS, DLS, Zeta potential, and AFM. SeNPs were assessed for anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and antioxidant assay. The analysis of X-ray diffraction reveals that Selenium NPs are 71.2 nm with a crystallinity of 66.8%. The band gap energy shows 2.4eV. Green-produced SeNPs were discovered to have high antibacterial action as well as significant antioxidant activity (IC50-50.21 μg for DPPH, 50.06 μg for ABTS, 62.9 μg for FRAP). SeNPs degrade crystal violet dye effectively when exposed to UV radiation. SeNPs were very effective against the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was able to cease its growth to the maximum compared to the other bacterial strains. The full factorial method was followed to understand the consequences of three variable factors that is pH, time, and concentration of the SeNPs on the dye degradation. The concentration and pH were significant which influenced the dye degradation. Apart from this Selenium nanoparticles were able to influence the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris by increasing the amount of chlorophyll, tannin, flavonoid, and phenol in the plant grown in the presence of selenium compared to the control. The morphological characteristics of the plant were seen to be influenced by the selenium. Molecular analysis was also performed to study the change in the DNA content and the protein content. We conclude that SeNPs can be used by agro-based industries and textile dye industries.

Antibacterial efficacy of NanoCare, Fullerene (C60) activated by UV light, and Morinda Oleifera against S.Mutans and bond integrity of composite resin to caries affected dentin

AimAssessment of the impact of contemporary disinfection techniques Moringa Oleifera (M. Oleifera), NanoCare Plus Silver Gold® (Nanocare), and Fullerene (C60) on survival rates of S.Mutans and shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to the carious affected dentin (CAD) Material and methodsSixty mandibular molars having caries progression till the middle 1/3rd of the dentin were disinfected. The CAD surface of twenty samples was inoculated with S.mutans. Based on different disinfection regimens samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups (n:15) Group 1: 2 % CHX, Group 2:NanoCare, Group 3:Fullerene (C60), and Group 4 (M. Oleifera. This was followed by calculating the survival rate of S.mutans. Ten samples from each group were then restored with composite restoration and thermocycled. Assessment of SBS and failure mode was performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. Statistical significance among groups was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of p = 0.05 ResultsGroup 2 samples treated with NanoCare exhibited the lowest survival rate (0.39 ± 0.02 CFU/ml) of S.Mutans. However, Group 1 (CHX) samples exhibited the highest survival count (0.51±0.10 CFU/ml). Furthermore, the highest composite to CAD bond was observed in Group 3 Fullerene(C60) (18.44±0.25 MPa) samples and the lowest SBS was observed in Group 1 (CHX) (12.48±1.69 MPa) CONCLUSIONFullerene(C60) and Moringa Oleifera extract hold promise as potential substitutes for chlorhexidine (CHX) in clinical applications, offering the potential for improved S.Mutans elimination and enhanced bond strength to CAD surface

The Influence of Feeding a Moringa Oleifera Leaf Aqueous Extract on the Biochemical Attributes of the Lohmann Brown Rooster Breed

This experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Production in the Faculty of Agriculture at Al-Qasim Green University from December 8, 2022, to February 15, 2023. It lasted for 10 weeks and aimed to see what effect, if any, different concentrations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of the Moringa Oleifera plant had on the reproductive and physiological qualities and the hatching and fertilisation rates of rooster breeders of the laying hen. An aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves can be added to 20 ml of drinking water to improve its nutritional value, while 40 ml of extract can be used to improve the nutritional value of 1 litre of water. A 60 ml dose of Moringa Oleifera leaf aqueous extract per litre of drinking water is recommended for the fourth treatment, while an 80 ml dose is recommended for the fifth. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments for the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the findings revealed an increase at the level (P0.05) in the LH hormone in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (T1) and the other addition treatments. A comparison of the testosterone levels between Treatment 1 (control) and the other supplementary Treatments indicated that Treatment 4 produced significantly higher levels of testosterone (P0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) enzyme levels were found to be significantly lower in the fourth treatment compared to the control treatmenT1 and the rest of the supplementary treatments, with the third and fifth treatments also showing significant superiority over the control treatmenT1 and the second treatment (P0.05 for both comparisons).

Effect of Adding Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Drinking Water on some of the Reproductive Characteristics for Lohmann Brown Rooster Breeder

The purpose of this study, which took place from December 8, 2022, to February 15, 2023, over the course of 10 weeks in the Department of Animal Production at Al-Qasim Green University’s Faculty of Agriculture, was to determine the impact, if any, that varying concentrations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of the Moringa Oleifera plant had on the reproductive and physiological qualities and the rates of hatching and fertilization for rooster breeders of the laying hen the first, a group that drank water without any flavorings or other additions, For the second, add 20 ml of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves per litre of drinking water; for the third, add 40 ml; for the fourth, add 60 ml; for the fifth, add 80 ml; and for the sixth and final treatment, add 100 ml of an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves per litre of drinking water. As for estimating the individual movement of the sperm, we note from the results a superiority (P0.05) for the third, fourth, and fifth treatments compared to the first treatment in the fourth week. The results also showed a superiority (P0.05) for the second treatment in estimating the size of the ejaculate size compared to the first, third, and fifth treatments. The results revealed that the concentration of sperm increased significantly (P 0.05) after the second, third, fourth, and fifth treatments compared to the first.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera and Rosmarinus officinals on the Rate of Destruction of the Varroa parasite, Varroa destructor and Honey bees in the Field

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera and Rosmarinus officinals on the Rate of Destruction of the Varroa parasite, Varroa destructor and Honey bees in the Field

The potential of Moringa oleifera extract as a phytobiotic candidate for the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum bacteria by in vitro

Moringa oleifera is used to explore the biodiversity of the ability of herbal plants as a candidate phytobiotic. The total carbohydrate content in the ethanol extract is 42% consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides which are gut micro-flora nutrient. The study aimed to discover the effect of moringa leaf extracts with different dosages to improve Lactobacillus fermentum bacteria’s growth. The study employed moringa leaf extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum bacteria then divided them into four groups, i.e., control group (P0), treatment P1 with moringa leaf extracts of 0.1% dosage, treatment P2 with moringa leaf extracts of 0.2%, and treatment P3 with moringa leaf extracts of 0.3% dosage. At the end of the treatment, each colony was calculated using the Total Plate Count method. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and subjected to the Duncan test. The study results show that moringa leaf extracts with dosages of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% could improve Lactobacillus fermentum bacteria’s growth. The average growth log of Lactobacillus fermentum bacteria on treatment P0 was 3,532 log CFU/ml, 4,320 log CFU/ml for treatment P1, 4,368 log CFU/ml for treatment P2, and 4,480 log CFU/ml for treatment P3 as the highest value.

POLYPHENOL-RICH LEAF EXTRACT OF Moringa oleifera Lam. ATTENUATES NEPHROTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl )- 4 TREATED ALBINO RATS

This study evaluated the effect of polyphenol-rich leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (PRE-M. o) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxic rats. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Groups one to six received 1mL/kg olive oil (normal group), 1mL/kg CCl4 (toxicity control group), N-acetyl cysteine with 1mL/kg CCl4, 50mg/kg PRE-M. o with 1mL/kg CCl4, 100mg/kg PRE-M. o with 1mL/kg CCl4 and 250mg/kg PRE-M. o with 1mL/kg CCl4. PRE-M o was administered orally, once daily for seven days while CCl4 prepared in olive oil was administered intraperitoneally on day seven. Twenty-four hours after, animals were sacrificed and Kidneys were dissected for histology, kidney homogenates were prepared and blood samples were collected for biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Effects were investigated using biochemical indices of renal function and oxidative stress. Total phenol, which was quantified in the extract and expressed as mgGAE/g increased with increasing concentrations of the extract. CCl4 caused a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations as well as a significant decrease in total protein and albumin. Malondialdehyde increased while Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly in the CCl4-treated rats. Histopathological study revealed altered glomerular and tubular architecture with noticeable interstitial haemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in kidney of rats exposed to CCL4. Treatment with PRE-M. o was able to significantly revert all altered parameters which showed that PRE-M. o can restore altered kidney function and ameliorate oxidative stress.

Exploring bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of twenty-six Indian medicinal plant extracts: A correlative analysis for potential therapeutic insights

The aim of the present study was to analyse the bioactive constituents and antioxidant potential of twenty-six medicinal plant extracts and their correlation for potential therapeutic insights. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid (TF) of plant extracts were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent and aluminum chloride calorimetric assay, respectively. The extract was used to determine the antioxidant potential using different assay including total antioxidant activity, DPPH, and FRAP. The methanolic Terminalia chebula, Aloe vera, and Curcuma longa extracts showed the highest (p < 0.05) values of total phenolic content being 39.11, 38.80 and 38.14 mgGAE/g dw, respectively. The Ocimum tenuiflorum and Aloe vera extract had the highest (8.12 mg/g) total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) as compared to other extracts. The higher FRAP value (mMFe+2/g) was observed in methanolic extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Moringa oleifera, and Withania somnifera and lowest was in water extract of Zizyphus zuzube. Correlation study indicated that TPC was found correlated with antioxidant capacity of plant extracts (TAC, r = 0.670, p < 0.01; FRAP, r = 0.501, p < 0.01; DPPH-IC50, r = −0.664, p < 0.01). The methanolic extracts from most of the plants had much higher TPC and antioxidant activities. The phenolic compounds are a primary contributor to the antioxidant efficacy among the medicinal plant species under investigation for potential therapeutic application. Overall, the current investigation demonstrated that the selected plants are potential sources for producing bioactive principles capable of scavenging free radicals.

Study of structural and magnetic traits of cobalt incorporated nickel oxide nanoparticles

Herein, we report the synthesis of Cobalt-incorporated NiO nanoparticles (CoxNi1-xO, x = 0–0.05) fabricated by the sol–gel combustion method using leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera as a fuel. The effect of cobalt doping on NiO NPs was analyzed by different analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM with EDS, UV–Vis, TEM, and VSM. XRD data validates the formation of cubic nickel oxide nanoparticles and the size of nanoparticles varies from 17.04 nm to 20.47 nm. The band gap energy was obtained from UV–vis spectroscopy (2.70 eV–3.18 eV) and a noteworthy blue shift was observed in the spectral span of 200–800 nm. The SEM and TEM micrographs of the fabricated samples display nano-flake-like morphology. Magnetic traits such as coercivity, retentivity, saturation magnetization, squareness ratio magnetic moment, and anisotropy constant were calculated from VSM analysis. Furthermore, pure and doped NiO NPs were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Within the mentioned bacterial species, Co-incorporated NiO NPs displayed high growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (23 mm).

Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf Extract on Chlorpyrifos-induced Liver damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum insecticide that is most frequently used in food production in the European Union (EU) until 2020. This compound exhibits a wide range of biological activity. It is applied in most agricultural products and households to combat pests. Chlorpyrifos acts by inhibiting cholinesterase activity that can lead to the alteration of normal biochemical and physiological conditions of the body. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Crude Leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Chlorpyrifos induced Liver injury in Wistar Albino Rats. Sixteen (16) Wistar Albino Rats weighing between 100g-250g were divided into four (4) Groups (Grp) of four (4) Rats each. Grp I serves as Normal Control (feed and water ad libitum), Grp II Negative Control (10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos mixed feed), Grp III serves as Extract grp (10mg/kg Moringa oleifera mixed feed) and Grp IV serves as Treatment grp ((10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos + 10mg/kg Moringa oleifera) mixed feed). The feeds were administered in pellets. The experiment lasted for twenty eight (28) days, after which serum was obtained for biochemical parameter (Liver function). Grp II shows an increased liver marker enzymes AST (173.75±21.84μ/L) when compared to Grp I with value of (146.60±21.94μ/L) and Grp III with a value of (140.75±11.12μ/L) and ALT (40.00±5.83 μ/L) compared to grp I and grp III with values of (33.80±4.49μ/L) and (33.25±7.41μ/L) respectively. ALP (Grp II) with a value of (155.00±16.23μ/L) compared to Grp I and Grp III (69.00±24.71μ/L) and (52.00±17.06μ/L) respectively. ALB (30.50±2.08g/L) when compared to Grp I and Grp III shows values of (28.60±2.41g/L) and (29.50±0.58g/L) respectively. There was no significant difference at P˃0.05. However, ALP shows a significantly higher value at P˂0.001. Values for all Liver enzymes were lower with P˃0.05 in Grp IV when compared with Grp II. There is also a reduced feed intake in Grp II at different days with P˃0.05 when compared with Grps III and IV. The Extract was found to have improved the hepatic disorder that was induced by Chlorpyrifos. The result showed some level of hepato-protective activities of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf extract in Rats exposed to Chlorpyriphos.

Localization Of Procollagen Type I N-Terminal Propeptide in Bone Healing Treated by Local Application of Moringa Oliefera /Marine Collagen in Rats

Backgrounds: Bones healing is a complex multi steps process, Moringa Oliefera”s flavonoids and Marine collagen enhance minerals density of bones.Objectives: Differences in healing process in bones where evaluated in this study among bone defects that heal normally ( control group) and (experimental groups) using Marine collagen (MC), Moringa oleifera extract (MO) and combination of (MO &amp;MC). Material and Methods: in this study twenty albino rats, after anesthesia bone defects were created in both femurs by drilling. In ten rats, the right bone defects left to heal normally, and left MO added to the bone defects, in other ten rats MC added to the right bone defects, left defects treated with MO &amp; MC. Rats were scarified after 2 and 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow stromal cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts done using Procollagen type I N-terminal Propeptide (PINP). Results: Immunohistochemical result revealed stronger positive expression of PINP in bone defects treated with (MO&amp;MC) than that other groups Conclusions: Treatment of bone defects with MO and MC showed increase osteogenic capacity by increase the immunoreactivity of PINP.

Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract as an Antioxidant on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) Levels in Rats with Hyperglycemia: A Systematic Literature Review

Hyperglycaemia is a clinical indicator of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with damage to organ systems, such as kidney damage, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels, and even death through oxidative stress processes, resulting in an imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals. One of the plants that contain antioxidants is Moringa Oleifera (MO), MO has been utilized as a food source material. This plant has low toxicity, natural antioxidants, and important bioactive phytochemicals and is an excellent source of alternative natural therapies to synthetic drugs. Exogenous antioxidants in Moringa leaves may have potential as free radical scavengers. Studies published between 2017 and 2023 were systematically reviewed through identification in Research Gate, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included for review. The results of the literature review of the articles carried out can be concluded that the administration of moringa leaf extract is able to reduce blood sugar levels, reduce MDA levels and increase antioxidants in the body, such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px). Keywords: Hyperglycaemia, Diabetes, Leaf Extract Moringa Oleifera, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant