Moringa Oleifera Extract Research Articles

Biostimulant Formulations and Moringa oleifera Extracts to Improve Yield, Quality, and Storability of Hydroponic Lettuce.

The urgent need to increase the sustainability of crop production has pushed the agricultural sector towards the use of biostimulants based on natural products. The current work aimed to determine whether the preharvest application of two commercial formulations, based on a Fabaceae enzymatic hydrolysate or a blend of nitrogen sources including fulvic acids, and two lab-made aqueous extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves (MLEs), could improve yield, quality, and storability of lettuce grown in a hydroponic system, as compared to an untreated control. Lettuce plants treated with the MLEs showed significantly improved quality parameters (leaf number, area, and color), total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and resistance against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, comparable to that obtained with commercial formulates, particularly those based on the protein hydrolysate. A difference between the M. oleifera extracts was observed, probably due to the different compositions. Although further large-scale trials are needed, the tested MLEs seem a promising safe and effective preharvest means to improve lettuce agronomic and quality parameters and decrease susceptibility to rots.

Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Extract on Demineralized Enamel of Primary Teeth

Purpose: This invitro study was designed to evaluate the remineralization potential of Moringa Oleifera (M.O) extract in comparison with Casein PhosphoPeptideAmorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on enamel surface of human primary teeth using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) &Analysing of mineral content. (EDAX). Material and Methods: forty samples of extracted human teeth were obtained in accordance with guidelines from Al-Azhar University. EDAX & SEM were done for all the samples after demineralization, then they were divided into two main groups, the first group was subjected to CPP-ACP application for 5 minutes twice a day for a week. The second group was soaked in an aqueous extract of M.O for 5 minutes twice a day for a week. EDAX & SEM analyses were done for all specimens after remineralization. All data showed normal (parametric) distribution. Parametric data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare between the two materials and de-mineralized enamel. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: calcium& phosphorus levels of both groups of re-mineralization were higher than the demineralization level. Higher re-mineralization results were obtained from M. O extract. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera extract has a protective effect on enamel remineralization better than CPP-ACP.

Effect of the Combination of Acupressure and Moringa oleifera Extract Consumption on Elevating Breast Milk Production and Adequacy in Lactating Mothers

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended because the nutrition is suitable for babies. However, there are still many babies who do not get exclusive breastfeeding. For this reason, there is a need for innovation that can be used as an effort to increase the production and adequacy of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers with a combination of Accupresure and Moringa oleifera extract. This study aimed to prove the potential of a combination of acupressure and Moringa oleifera extract as an intervention in increasing the production and adequacy of breast milk for breastfeeding mothers. Subjects and Method: This study used quasi experiment and pretest-posttest design with control group conducted at the Kelingi IV/C Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency, from December 2022-January 2023. It consisted of an intervention group consisting of a combination of 2x4 minutes of acupressure and 650 mg of Moringa oleifera extract and a control group of counseling for breastfeeding mothers, namely 40 breastfeeding mothers with babies 0-6 months. The dependent variables were the hormone prolactin and baby's weight. The independent variable was the combination of acupressure and extra Moringa oleifera. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon. Results: The indicator affected by the combination of acupressure and Moringa oleifera extract was an increase in milk production using the prolactin hormone indicator after intervention (Mean= 304.60; SD=131.22) than before intervention (Mean= 162.85; SD= 140.44), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was an increase in the adequacy of breastfeeding using the infant's weight indicator after intervention (Mean= 5550.00; SD=1240.75) than before intervention (Mean= 5015.00; SD= 1444.87), and this was statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion: The combination intervention of 2x4 minutes of acupressure and 650 mg of Moringa oleifera extract for 10 days effectively increases the production and adequacy of breast milk for nursing mothers. Keywords: acupressure, Moringa oleifera, prolactin hormone, baby's weight.

Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Activity of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb., and Artocarpus altilis Based on the Gamma Globin Expression

BACKGROUND: Beta (β)-thalassemia is a common single-gene blood disorder resulting in a decrease or absence of β-globin chain synthesis. In β-thalassemia major, an imbalance of α/β globin chains results in severe oxidative stress that leads to pathological conditions. Reactivating the gamma (γ)-globin gene will overcome the excess alpha (α)-globin chains and relieve β-thalassemia patients' clinical course. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the most competent herbal extract with high efficiency in inducing γ-globin gene expression to facilitate β-thalassemia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used K562 cell line culture to assess the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO), Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb. (CA), and Artocarpus altilis (AA). We carried out the benzidine test to count hemoglobin-containing cells and RT-qPCR to measure γ-globin gene expression. RESULTS: The benzidine test showed that MO extract was the highest value (3%) in inducing fetal hemoglobin. However, based on RT-PCR analysis, CA extract had the most significant (2.39 fold change) ability to reactivate the γ-globin gene compared to Hydroxyurea as a positive control. CONCLUSION: The different properties and levels of MO and CA testing in antioxidant and reactivation of gene expression mechanism most probably influenced the discrepancy between the benzidine test and RT-qPCR results.

Inhibitory potential of natural plant extracts against Escherichia coli strain isolated from diarrheic camel calves.

Camel calf's diarrhea is considered the chief economic loss in the camelid population. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent colibacillosis in camel calves. The new era of bacterial antibiotic resistance explains the treatment failure and the high mortality and morbidity associated with the disease. Current protective treatments have thus far limited efficacy and need to be replaced. Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, natural products are recently finding a capital role in infection management. The current study explores Escherichia coli F17 susceptibility as a clinical strain isolated from diarrheic camel calves to a wide panel of natural products. Agar diffusion method, integrity of cell membrane, hydrophobicity of bacterial surface, biofilm assays, and motility were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Coffea, Retama raetam, Moringa oleifera, Juniperus phoenicea, Uritica dioica, Camellia sinensis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Cuminum cyminum extracts against isolated bacteria. Interestingly, all eight tested extracts have the damaging ability of E. coli F17's cell membrane and cause the nucleic acid release after 12 hours. Escherichia coli F17 strain has the surface of hydrophobicity which changed after contact with extracts of the plant. Moreover, the motility of the studied bacteria changed after exposure to all plant extracts. This study demonstrated that all extracts, exempt U. dioica, can remove up to 50% biofilm of E. coli biomass as compared with the control. Natural extracts can be used as potential antimicrobial agents to mitigate diarrhea in camel calves.

Investigation of the effect of Moringa oleifera extract on fibroblast degeneration caused by disinfectants used at different pH levels in the COVID-19 pandemic

Investigation of the effect of Moringa oleifera extract on fibroblast degeneration caused by disinfectants used at different pH levels in the COVID-19 pandemic

Amelioration potential of Moringa oleifera extracts against sodium arsenate induced embryotoxicity and genotoxicity in mouse (Mus musculus).

Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from (A to K) and were orally administered the doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) and 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera flower extracts (MOFE) comparing with control. The investigation revealed evident reduction in the fetuses weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump and head circumferences well as malformations in tail, feet, arms, legs, skin and eyes in the negative control group (only administered with sodium arsenate). Co-administration of sodium arsenate with MOLE and MOFE ameliorate the reversed effect of sodium arsenate on the shape, length, body weight and DNA damage of fetus significantly at 95% confidence interval. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed more significant results in comparison to Moringa oleifera flower extract. Hence concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated the embryo toxic effects of sodium arsenate and can be used against environmental teratogens.

Role of Medicinal Herbs in Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review.

The use of medicinal herbs to prevent gingival and periodontal diseases has become increasingly popular due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This systematic review aims to provide the current literature to validate the traditional use of medicinal herbs in the management of gingival and periodontal diseases. An online literature search was conducted to identify research papers published from 2010 to 2022 in three major scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in June 2022. Original research studies, case reports, and systematic reviews on medicinal plants' application in oral health care were selected to be included in this systematic review. Only high-quality articles identified in the quality assessment were included for evidence synthesis. Initial keyword research yielded 726 free-text articles published between 2010 and 2022. Of these, 14 articles (8 research papers and 6 reviews) were included for evidence synthesis. The review's findings indicate that the antibacterial property of medicinal plants is due to their alkaline nature and prevents plaque and calculus formation by maintaining acid-alkali balance in saliva. Various parts of medicinal plants help maintain periodontal health. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ficus religiosa, and Plantago major effectively inhibit primary plaque colonizers and periodontal pathogens. Medicago sativa, Aloe barbadensis Miller, and Trifolium pratense have excellent applications in treating periodontal diseases. Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata, the husk of Cocos nucifera, the root of G. glabra and Curcuma longa, leaves of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica, fruits of Citrus medica and Punica granatum, Ocimum Moringa oleifera extract, and pomegranate peel extract can serve as a promising alternative in managing chronic gingivitis. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and astringent action of extracts obtained from various parts of medicinal plants make them effective in reducing gingival and periodontal diseases. Herbal medicine may be a viable alternative to contemporary pharmaceuticals as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning procedures.

Bio synthesis and characterization of Cobalt oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves

Recently the green synthesis of nanoparticles involving plant extract has attracted the attention of researchers. In this work we present an environmentally friendly, one step, ultra-fast, cost-efficient method for producing cobalt oxide nanoparticles using readily available Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) extracts as reducing and capping agent. The bio-reduced cobalt nanoparticles were appropriately characterized. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles are characterized by UV-DRS, IR, powder XRD, SEM and EDX. To characterize the crystal phase identification of the nanoparticle, X-ray Powder Diffraction (Powder XRD) is used. Surface morphology was studied by SEM and EDX to determine the amount of cobalt present. The unique physicochemical characteristics of Cobalt oxide are believed to have increased medical applications when synthesized via environmentally benign methods free of toxic byproducts.

In Vitro Experimental Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves as an α-Amylase and α-Lipase Inhibitor.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, α-amylase, and α-lipase inhibitory assessment were carried out on Moringa oleifera extract. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid contents of values 0.070 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 0.180 ± 0.020 mg rutin equivalent/g, 0.042 ± 0.001 mg tannic equivalent/g, and 12.17 ± 0.001%, respectively, while the total protein analysis was 0.475 ± 0.001 mg bovine serum albumin equivalent/g. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were 0.534 ± 0.001 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 0.022 ± 0.00008 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and nitric oxide (NO) assays showed the extract to have a strong free radical scavenging activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the lipase and amylase activities of the extract are 1.0877 mg/mL and 0.1802 mg/mL, respectively. However, α-lipase and α-amylase inhibiting activity of M. oleifera could be related to the phytochemicals in the extract. This research validates the ethnobotanical use of M. oleifera leaves as an effective plant-based therapeutic agent for diabetes and obesity.

Formulation and Evaluation of Cream Using Moringa oleifera L. Leaf Extract

There are an increasing number of studies on the cosmeceutical properties of medicinal plants growing in various climatic zones. The formulation of phenolic rich plant extracts into cosmetic cream products can maximize the commercial value of such products. Most of the herbs used in Nepal for cosmetic purposes are locally available Ayurvedic herbs. The antioxidant property of the ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera L. leaves collected from Rupandehi and Makawanpur districts respectively were determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Total phenolic and total tannin content was determined by Foline Ciocalteu reagent. Total phenolic content was found from 35.51 and 42.89 mg/100 g gallic acid in the Makawanpur and Rupandehi districts. Overall, findings revealed that there were slight differences in antioxidant properties between the two samples. The cream formulated from the Makawanpur plant sample had considerable physiochemical parameters within the range of acceptance. These findings provide strong evidence for further development of commercial creams with antioxidant properties

Characterization of chitosan edible coatings made with natural extracts of Solanum lycopersicum and Moringa oleifera for preserving fresh pork tenderloin

Characterization of chitosan edible coatings made with natural extracts of Solanum lycopersicum and Moringa oleifera for preserving fresh pork tenderloin

NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of leaves aqueous extract Moringa oleifera (MW) in chronic stress mouse models.
 Methods: Water immersion and stress restraint for 16 d to obtain a chronic stress model animal. Moringa extract flour dissolved in Aquades, dose 800 mg/kg for 23 d, for chronic Stress+MOW group. Fluoxetine in aquades at a dose of 18 mg/kg BW for 23 d for chronic stress group+Fluoxetine. Aquades were given to normal mice (group N), and mice under chronic stress conditions (chronic stress control group). Furthermore, measure behavioral abnormalities by testing depressive behavior and oxidative stress parameters such as anxiety, Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF).
 Results: Moringa oleifera water extract administration can improve behavioral disorders caused by stress by decreasing immobility time on the Force swim test, increasing time in the middle area, and increasing the number of returns to center areas on the Open field test. When chronically stressed mice were given fluoxetine and MOW, their MDA levels (p=0.008 and 0.041, respectively) and SOD activity (p=0.001 and 0.004) decreased significantly compared to the chronic stress control group. In contrast, Catalase activity increased significantly in chronically stressed mice given fluoxetine and MOW compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.010 and 0.013). Administration of fluoxetine and MOW may increase the expression of mRNA BDNF compared to the chronic stress control group (p=0.000 and 0.013).
 Conclusion: The study found that MOW can improve behavioral abnormalities, namely anxiety and depression behavior caused by chronic stress exposure, through antioxidant pathways and oxidant systems, and also BDNF

The oral subacute toxicological activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) growing in South West of Burkina Faso in Wistar rats

Acute and Subacute toxicity investigations were carried out to evaluate the safety of M. oleifera leaf used in the treatment of various diseases and in nutrition. Five groups of 10 rats of both sex (5rats/sex) were constituted. The first group served as control and received distilled water 10mL/kg/ day while groups II, III, and IV respectively received orally and daily the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera at doses 200, 400 and 800mg/kg bw for 4 weeks. The last group (V) considered as satellite group received also received the EEM 800mg/kg daily and orally for 4 weeks. At the end of the test period (4 weeks), the animals of this last group were observed without any treatment for 2 weeks again before their sacrifice in order to study the persistence or the disappearance of possible toxic effects of the extract. The rat was segregated according to gender and housed in cages of 5 rats. In Subacute toxicity investigated with Wistar rats, no mortality was recorded during the experimentation period. Moreover, there was no significant change in weight gain, relative organ weight, or hematological and serum chemical parameters except in a group of female animals where we noticed a reversible decrease in serum ALAT level (at 400mg/kg), total cholesterol (at 400mg/kg) and LDL level (at 800mg/kg) compared to ED group. The histopathological examination had shown some differences between the treated group and the control group that cannot be considered treatment-related.

Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against gentamicin induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity in rats

Gentamicin-specific non-targeted induction of hepato- and nephrotoxicity is a clinical challenge in human and veterinary medicine. This study investigates the hepato- and nephroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on Gentamicin-induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity in rats. C- group showed negative control and had no treatment. C+ group received 80 mg/kg/day/i.p of gentamicin (GM) for 8 days and exhibited positive control . T1, T2, and T3 groups were treated with Moringa oleifera (MO) leave extract orally for 14 days at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg respectively after GM treatment. After 21 days of MO leave extract treatment, all the rats had liver and kidneys excisions. The assessment was done for the macroscopic changes in the liver and the microscopic changes and measurement of the MDA level of the liver and kidneys. The histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys shows that gentamicin increased the damage in the liver (degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis score), kidneys (glomerular damage, degeneration, and necrosis of tubulous score), and MDA level. The application of MO extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg in gentamicin-induced rats can prevent the increase in the MDA levels as indicated by a decrease in the MDA levels in the liver and kidneys. The study results highlight the preventive role of MO leaves extract for Gentamicin induced toxicity that could be attributed to the antioxidant properties of phytochemicals.

Parametrical Study for the Effective Removal of Mordant Black 11 from Synthetic Solutions: Moringa oleifera Seeds’ Extracts Versus Alum

Prior studies have examined the ability of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed extract, among other natural coagulants, to remove several types of dyes. MO has been proven to have a high capacity to remove some anionic dyes. The aim of the present study is to explore the possible use of aqueous and saline extracts of MO as biocoagulants for the removal of Mordant Black (MB11) from aqueous solution. Their performances were compared to that of aluminum sulfate (alum). To do so, various operating parameters were investigated such as coagulant dose (100–600 mg/L), pH (3–11), initial dye concentration (100–350 mg/L), sodium chloride concentration (0.2–2 M), and sedimentation time (15–90 min). The maximum percentages of MB11 removal were found to be 98.65%, 80.12%, and 95.02% for alum, aqueous extract of MO (MOPW), and saline extract of MO (MOPS), respectively, at around pH 6.5 and for coagulant doses of 400 mg/L (alum) and 500 mg/L (MOPW and MOPS). The coagulation-flocculation mechanism of biocoagulants was hypothesized to be adsorption and charge neutralization. The two biocoagulants (MOPW and MOPS) showed an interesting versatility towards pH counter to alum which was very sensitive to this parameter. pH variations were measured for the three coagulants and proven to be negligible for the biocoagulants. Faster sedimentation time was recorded when MOPW and MOPS were used, suggesting the existence of larger quickly settleable flocs. Considering their high coagulative capacity, rapid and cost-effective preparation, and eco-friendly character, MO extracts can be considered as powerful alternatives to aluminum sulfate in the remediation of MB11 from wastewaters.

Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera Extract, Trichoderma Asperellum, A Synthetic Fungicide and Cattle Dung Amendment in The Integrated Management of Rice Blast Disease

This study evaluated the effect of integrated disease management on the incidence and severity of blast disease, and growth performance of rice. Moringa oleifera extract, Trichoderma asperellum, cattle dung and a synthetic fungicide were evaluated in sixteen treatment combinations using a susceptible IRAT 109 rice cultivar. The pot experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the rooftop screenhouse of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan between May and October, 2019. Treatment with combination of M. oleifera extract, cattle dung and blastforce had the lowest disease incidence and mean severity of 16.8 and 7.5%, respectively which was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the standard positive check. Inoculated plants that were treated with a combination of T. asperellum, M. oleifera and cattle dung produced the highest yield of 7.6 tons/ha relative to control. This study showed that the combined application of naturally occurring biopesticides and cattle dung was more effective than single treatment in the management of rice blast disease.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(4): 395-407, December 2020

Oral Administration of Moringa Leaf Ethanol Extract (Moringa Oleifera) for 14 Days Protects The Liver of Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) from Acute Damage Caused by High Doses of Paracetamol

Paracetamol is a widely utilized medication globally and is the primary cause of poisoning incidents in high-income countries. Paracetamol induces hepatotoxicity that is depending on the dosage when taken in excessive amounts. The Moringa oleifera (MO), belonging to the Moringaceae family, is one of the medicinal plants investigated for its potential in treating hepatotoxicity. The MO tree extracts have been documented to possess inhibitory effects, primarily against hepatitis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, owing to their bioactive components. An experimental laboratory enrolled using 36 samples of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were divided into six groups: standard control group (K), positive control group (K1) given paracetamol 3000mg/kg BW on 15th days; antioxidant control group (K2) given vitamin c 500mg/kg BW for 14 days; treatment group 1 (P1), treatment group 2 (P2) and treatment group 3 (P3) each given moringa oleifera leaves extract 200mg/kg BW, 400mg/kg BW and 800mg/kg BW for 14 days. Each group, except the standard control group, was given paracetamol 3000mg/Kg BW on the 15th day. On the 16th day, the mice were euthanized, and then their livers were made into histological preparations and examined using a microscope at 40 times magnification. The level of liver cellular damage was categorized into scoring based on the level of damage. Score 1 if no damage, score 2 if parenchymatous degeneration was found, score 3 if hydropic degeneration was found, and score 4 if necrosis was found. The average scoring per group was calculated as K: 1.1; K1: 3.17; K2: 1.57; P1: 1.5; P2: 1.73; P3: 1.9. K1 appeared necrotic. Inflammation and hydropic degeneration were found in K2, P1, P2, and P3. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, obtained p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Moringa leaf ethanol extract affected hepatic induction by paracetamol because significant differences were found between groups P1, P2, and P3 with K1 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups K2 and P1 (p > 0.05), showing that the effect of giving 500mg/kg BW vitamin C was equivalent to providing 200mg/kg BW Moringa leaves. It was concluded that giving ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves protected the acute histopathological damage of the liver of male white rats of the Sprague Dawley strain induced by paracetamol.

Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract Immunomodulatory Activity Discriminates between Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Cell Line and Normal Lymphocytes

Introduction: Moringa oleifera, a member of the family Moringaceae, is a small-medium sized tree, widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, Polynesia, and the West Indies, where the leaves, fruits and flowers form part of their routine diet. The plant has been reported to possess numerous pharmacological properties; however, its immunomodulatory potentials were least explored, especially on lymphocytes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera leaves’ ethanol extract (MOETE) on transformed and normal lymphocytes, the leukaemic cell line BV173 and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), respectively. Methods: The freshly collected and dried Moringa oleifera leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol, and the cytotoxicity activity on transformed and normal lymphocytes was determined using an MTT assay. The immunomodulatory effect was further evaluated through cell proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays. Results: The ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves showed concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on the BV173 cell line with an IC50 of 125±6 µg/mL while exerting a stimulatory effect on PBMCs (EC50 = 28±3 µg/mL). The extract also exerted antiproliferative effects, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the BV173 tumour cell but enhanced the viability and proliferation of PBMCs by committing the cells into the cell cycle and reducing apoptosis despite stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Conclusion: The MOETE has immunostimulatory properties on normal lymphocytes and anti-tumour activity on the leukaemic cell lines.

Moringa oleifera extract and neostigmine confer neuroprotection on aluminium chloride -induced Alzheimer’s disease: Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological episode associated with the senescence process characterized by neuronal cell death in brain regions and loss of cognition. The study investigate the neuroprotective potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and Neostigmine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by Aluminium chloride (AlCl3). A total number of 20 rats weighing 180-240 kg were used for this study and they were grouped into 5 with 4 rats in each group (n=4) labelled A-E. Group A control, received 0.1 mL normal saline (placebo), Group B, received 100 mg/kg of Aluminium chloride, Group C was given Aluminium chloride 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, Group D experimental animals received Aluminium chloride 100 mg/kg and were treated with 400 mg/kg of the extract orally for 21 days, while Group E received the same dose of Alcl3 and 2 mg/kg Neostigmine given intraperitoneal (IP). Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampi were harvested for histology and histochemical analysis. Our findings revealed visible protective changes in the group treated with the M. oleifera and Neostigmine as the pyramidal cells of CA3 and neurofibrillary tangles which were prominent in the positive control group were resolved. At the end of this study, it was proven that the toxicity induced by Aluminium chloride was reduced by M. oleifera leaf extract and Neostigmine. M. oleifera is a commonly consumed plant therefore the intake should be encouraged.