Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf Extract on Chlorpyrifos-induced Liver damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum insecticide that is most frequently used in food production in the European Union (EU) until 2020. This compound exhibits a wide range of biological activity. It is applied in most agricultural products and households to combat pests. Chlorpyrifos acts by inhibiting cholinesterase activity that can lead to the alteration of normal biochemical and physiological conditions of the body. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Crude Leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Chlorpyrifos induced Liver injury in Wistar Albino Rats. Sixteen (16) Wistar Albino Rats weighing between 100g-250g were divided into four (4) Groups (Grp) of four (4) Rats each. Grp I serves as Normal Control (feed and water ad libitum), Grp II Negative Control (10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos mixed feed), Grp III serves as Extract grp (10mg/kg Moringa oleifera mixed feed) and Grp IV serves as Treatment grp ((10mg/kg Chlorpyrifos + 10mg/kg Moringa oleifera) mixed feed). The feeds were administered in pellets. The experiment lasted for twenty eight (28) days, after which serum was obtained for biochemical parameter (Liver function). Grp II shows an increased liver marker enzymes AST (173.75±21.84μ/L) when compared to Grp I with value of (146.60±21.94μ/L) and Grp III with a value of (140.75±11.12μ/L) and ALT (40.00±5.83 μ/L) compared to grp I and grp III with values of (33.80±4.49μ/L) and (33.25±7.41μ/L) respectively. ALP (Grp II) with a value of (155.00±16.23μ/L) compared to Grp I and Grp III (69.00±24.71μ/L) and (52.00±17.06μ/L) respectively. ALB (30.50±2.08g/L) when compared to Grp I and Grp III shows values of (28.60±2.41g/L) and (29.50±0.58g/L) respectively. There was no significant difference at P˃0.05. However, ALP shows a significantly higher value at P˂0.001. Values for all Liver enzymes were lower with P˃0.05 in Grp IV when compared with Grp II. There is also a reduced feed intake in Grp II at different days with P˃0.05 when compared with Grps III and IV. The Extract was found to have improved the hepatic disorder that was induced by Chlorpyrifos. The result showed some level of hepato-protective activities of Moringa oleifera Crude Leaf extract in Rats exposed to Chlorpyriphos.