Mineral Fertilizer System Research Articles

Influence of Long-Term Application of Fertilizer Systems on Fertility of Ordinary Carbonate Chernozem in the Conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

The paper studies the influence of systematic application recommended and estimated mineral (N69P63K45 and N141P68K60) and organomineral (manure 8 t/ha + N44P42K24and manure 15 t/ha + N87P36K7) fertilizer systems within grain-grass-hoe crop rotation on density, porosity, structural condition of soil, water stability of structural units, water permeability, change of humus content and basic nutrition elements in rainfed conditions and at irrigation in comparison with their initial content and with indicators in control option – without fertilizers and irrigation throughout long-term field experiment on ordinary carbonate chernozem in a steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. It is defined that over 68 years of experiments the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and reaction of soil solution did not change. The maximum losses of humus and available forms of nutritious elements occurred in options without fertilizers in rainfed and irrigated conditions, bulk density of soil increased, porosity and water permeability decreased. The use of fertilizers improved agrophysical and water properties of soil: its density decreased, porosity, structure index, water stability, water permeability and hygroscopicity increased. The introduction of estimated organomineral fertilizer system to the scheme of experiment since 1986 restored the humus content in soil to the reference value and ensured its positive balance (+2.6 t/ha).

Agro-Ecological Estimation of Various Fertilization Systems under Conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

Producers of agricultural plants are increasingly marking a decrease in the responsiveness of cultivated plants to the mineral fertilizers applied to the soil. The explanation of this phenomenon can be the shift of limiting factors that determine the yield from mineral components in the soil to substances of organic and biological origin. The paper presents comparative data of the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer system on main biological indicators of the soil – nitrogen transforming groups of microorganisms, total microbial number (TMN), and soil respiration. The change in total and mineral nitrogen in the soil is estimated. The novelty of the study is that organic fertilizers are used in amounts comparable to the doses of mineral fertilizers in physical weight – 200 kg/ha. The application is carried out locally simultaneously with the seeding. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that ammonifiers (by 20.0–45 %), nitrifiers (by 30.0–46.7 %) numerically dominate in soil with organic fertilizers under all crops (corn, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet), the total microbial number is higher by 24.6–48.3 %. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions (soil respiration) is also higher by 19.0–45.6 %. The intensity of biogeochemical processes in the soil and the related transformations of mineral nutrients, respectively and the provision of plants with them closely correlates with the number of valuable groups of microorganisms. The correlation coefficient between the number of ammonifiers and nitrifiers with the total nitrogen content in the soil under all studied crops in an organic fertilizer system is r=0.93.

Вплив удобрення та обробітку ґрунту на врожайність культур сівозміни

The purpose. To determine effect of different systems of basic soil cultivation and methods of fertilizing on productivity of crops of field rotation. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical analysis of results of probes), comparative-calculation (determination of power efficiency of growing crops in crop rotation). They carried out experiments according to conventional techniques in farming agriculture. Weather conditions during probes on the average appeared typical for Kiev area, however they differed on rainfall and sum of active temperatures above 10 C in some months and years, and as a result productivity of crops varied. Results. Probes have shown that use of organic-mineral fertilizer system has not essentially lowered productivity of winter wheat in comparison with mineral one. Essential lowering was observed at organic fertilizer system: in a link with Lucerne — on 32%, soya bean — 31,3, corn for silage — on 33,3% in comparison with use of mineral system. The highest productivity of winter wheat was on the background of moldboard-subsoil cultivation. Favorable soil conditions for yield of root crops were created at mineral fertilizer system. Application differential and moldboard-subsoil cultivation promoted essential growth of productivity of sugar beet. Productivity of sunflower was essentially above at use of mineral fertilizer system. At application of organic-mineral system productivity was diminished by 6%. Productivity at differential and moldboard-subsoil cultivations essentially did not differ (a variance was 2,6 t/hectare). Conclusions. By results of probes it is established that the best alternative for basic soil cultivation in crop rotation had appeared moldboard-subsoil one. Its use secured increased productivity of beet sugar, winter wheat after soya bean and corn for silage as compared to control. Application of shallow cultivation led to lowering of productivity of cultures of crop rotation. Use of organic-mineral fertilizer system essentially did not reduce productivity of cultures of crop rotation in comparison with mineral system.

Enzymatic Activity of Chernozem Typical Depending on The Main Cultivation of Soil and Fertilizer

All agrotechnical and agrochemical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility have an effect on enzyme activity. Measures such as soil cultivation, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil,activate or suppress the enzymatic processes. The research relies on the intensity and direction of biochemical processes in the soil, containing a series of methods, the use of which has enabled the establishment of a favorable enzymatic active layer of arable chernozem typical. Such methods include: field, laboratory, analysis. The level of differentiation of protease, urease, phosphatase, amylase, catalase, depending on the cultivation of soil and fertilizer, was revealed in the process of comparative analysis of enzymic activity of typical black soil in sunflower agrocenosis. Field experiments on the study of fermentative activity of typical black currant were conducted during 2012-2016. The object of research was soil cover. It was established that the activation of biochemical processes in the soil is ensured by the organo-mineral fertilizer system - compost 4.5 t + N40P48K54 + 3.5 t by-products and seed weight per hectare of crop rotational area. Application of the mineral fertilizer system reduces the enzymatic activity of typical black soil. The highest activity of the protease and catalase passes in the arable layer for powered-unpowered cultivation. Higher phosphatase activity was observed for differentiated soil cultivation. Research on this problem should be continued in order to establish a relationship between the parameters of enzymatic activity of soil with the structure of microbial cenosis of typical black soil of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilization

Калійний режим чорнозему типового за різного удобрення та обробітку ґрунту

Goal. Investigation of the influence of fertilizer systems and basic soil cultivation in short-rotation crop rotation on the formation of a fund of moving potassium in the chernozem of the typical deep and its transformation processes for the long-term application of fertilizers and cultivation of soil. Methods. Field, analytical, statistical using the main statistical criteria. Results . The influence of fertilizer systems on the potash regime of typical chernozem in grain-cutting crop rotation is shown. Long-term cultivation of crops by organic fertilizer system reduced the content of exchangeable potassium. Fertilization ensured a uniform growth compared with the control of potassium content for the mineral fertilizer system. The total removal of potassium in crop rotation in the organic fertilizer system was set at 180 kg / ha. The application of the mineral fertilizer system reduced the annual deficit of potassium in the soil to 105 kg / ha, with a balance intensity of up to 75%. The use of field-free cultivation of soil in an arable layer of exchangeable potassium contributes to its greater accumulation than the field cultivation. The possibility of economically, technically grounded introduction of fertilizer in the soil protection crop rotation in the conditions of typical chernozem of the forest-steppe of Ukraine is established. The productivity of crop rotation during the cultivation was 9.8 t/ha. The application of free-field with a simultaneous cracking freezing of soil cultivation was 8.8 t/ha of k.o.

Influence of ecological and agrochemical factors on the level of soybean yield

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer systems in a long-term stationary 5-course soy-grain crop rotation depending on agro-ecological factors. The goal of research is to study the effect of long-term application of mineral (annually N42 P48 kg of active ingredient / ha of crop rotation area) and organic-mineral (annually N24 P30 kg of active ingredient + 4.8 t of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area) fertilizer system on the productivity of soybean in crop rotation. The objects of research were mid-ripening and early-ripening soybean varieties, preceding crops - annual grasses (soy-oat mixture) and spring wheat. The preceding crops, variety and hydrothermal conditions under which soybean was grown from 1963 to 2017 were considered as agro-ecological factors. It was established that the highest yield of soybean was obtained when placing soybean crops after wheat, while by the number of years, the yield level of 1,8 – 2,0 t/ha was repeated 16 % more often than when growing soybean after annual grasses. The maximum increase in yield relative to the control (0, 17 t/ha) was formed by the long-term use of organic-mineral fertilizer system for soybean cultivated after wheat. In cold wet years, the use of organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured plant resistance to unfavorable weather conditions, stimulating an increase in the soybean yield relative to the control by 0,18 t/ha. The most responsive to fertilizer application were the mid-ripening soybean varieties: the increase in grain yield amounted to 0,03 – 0,20 t/ha relative to the control, and the realization of potential yield of the variety increased by 2–7 %.

Formation of winter wheat grain quality depending on fertilizer system and tillage

Purpose. To establish the peculiarities of forming winter wheat yield and grain quality, depending on fertilizer system and main tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical (correlation, dispersion) using computer programs Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 6.0. The researches were carried out during 2011–2017 in the stationary field experiment on the experimental field of the Educational and Scientific-Innovative Center for Agrotechnologies of LLC “Agrofirma “Kolos” (Skvyra district, Kyiv region). Results. The most 1,000 kernel weight was recorded for mineral fertilizer system. Lower indices were observed for organic fertilizer system and in variants with no fertilizer. Test weight of grain under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems corresponded to the second class of quality (according to the State Standard 3768-10 at least 740 g/l) and was 740.2–742.7 g/l. Tillage did not significantly affect the test weight of winter wheat grain. In the variant of shallow low-tillage significant decrease of grain vitreousness was noted, which is explained by decrease of agrophysical and agrochemical indices of soil fertility. It has been established increase in protein content (by 1.4–3.5 %) in winter wheat grains under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems, but use of shallow low-tillage resulted in decrease of this index (by 4.3 %) as compared with the control. Under mineral fertilizer system, winter wheat grain was formed with higher gluten content than under organomineral and organic systems. In the case of shallow low-tillage gluten content in grain declined significantly as compared to control (by 4.7 %). Falling number for winter wheat grain in mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems was quite high (in the range of 225–231 s) that is significantly higher as compared to the control in differentiated and alternating deep and shallow tillage. Under organomineral fertilizer system winter wheat yield did not differ significantly from that of the mineral system. The yield of winter wheat significantly decreased compared to the control (by 0.8 t/ha) with shallow low-tillage. Conclusions. Winter wheat grain quality indices were better under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems. Under organic system they were worse owing to nitrogen deficit. The application of shallow low-tillage significantly reduced the winter wheat grain quality indices. The highest yield of winter wheat was received under mineral fertilizer system (6.8 t/ha), significant decrease was observed under organic fertilizer system.

Nutritional mode of leashed chernozem depending on the influence of mineral fertilizer system of winter wheat grown in the conditions of Azov-Kuban lowland

Nutritional mode of leashed chernozem depending on the influence of mineral fertilizer system of winter wheat grown in the conditions of Azov-Kuban lowland

Параметри вмісту гумусу в чорноземі типовому залежно від агровиробничого використання

The results of the study of the application of fertilizer systems and basic soil tillage on the content and balance of humus in chernozem of the typical right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It has been established that the content of humus in chernozem is typical (layer 0-30 cm) for the application of fertilizers in the field crop rotation is within the range of 3.63-4.06% depending on the research options. The highest content of humus in crop rotation was in the version for the organo-mineral fertilizer system, which is 4.06% on the background of shallow, non-polar soil cultivation and has the best effect on the preservation of humus. Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system in the field crop rotation promotes the largest formation of humus + 0.16 t/ha. Mineral fertilizer system is not able to restore the newly created humus in the arable layer of soil.

Азотний режим чорнозему типового залежно від удобрення і обробітку ґрунту

The results of researches in the stationary experiment on studying the influence of various systems of fertilization and soil cultivation on the dynamics of accumulation of nitrogen compounds in typical black soil under winter wheat are highlighted. The object of research was the soil cover. The dynamics of mineral nitrogen forms during 2012-2017 in winter wheat crops is given. The dependence of the level of nitrate, ammonium nitrogen and nitrogen compounds that is easily hydrolyzed from soil and fertilizer systems is investigated. It was established that the organo-mineral fertilizer system resulted in a significant increase of 35.8% of ammoniacal nitrogen and 24.4% nitrate compared to control. Mild polygonal and politsevo-bezpolatny soil cultivation significantly increased the content of ammoniacal nitrogen in the arable layer compared with differentiated treatment. Application of organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer system contributes to a significant increase in the content of nitrogen compounds that are easily hydrolyzed.

EFFECT OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SOME BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm, faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egyptduring 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to investigate the effect of various combinations of mineral and organic fertilization systems (mineral nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphate ore and potassium ore) beside without fertilization treatment on yield and its components and technological traits of some bread wheat varieties (Gemmeiza 11, Gemmeiza 12, Misr 1, Giza 171 and Sids 13). The results obtained could be summarized as follows: Fertilization with any mineral and/or organic fertilizers caused increases in most yield and technological characters studied herein. Application of 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed was superior to the other fertilization systems in yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, number of grains/spike, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological properties (protein, crude fiber, wet gluten and dry gluten percentages) followed by 100% mineral N/fed compared to other fertilization systems especially unfertilized plants which recorded the lowest values. However, the highest values of 1000-grain weight, spike weight and carbohydrates and ash percentages were recorded by application of 50% organic N + phosphate ore + potassium ore/fed. Data indicated that Giza 171 and Gemmeiza 11 varieties surpassed the other varieties in yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield/fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological properties (protein, wet gluten and dry gluten percentages) in favor of Giza 171 variety in most economic characters. However, the highest values of carbohydrates and ash percentages were obtained by Gemmeiza 12 and Sids 13, respectively. On the other hand, Misr 1 variety was the inferior variety in most characters studied. The interactions between fertilization systems and wheat varieties were found to be significant for most characters studied.It could be concluded that Giza 171 variety fertilized with 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed being the most effective combined treatment for maximizing most effective characters in yield and grain quality, where recorded the highest values of grain yield (3.869 and 3.906 ton /fed in the first and second seasons, respectively) under the environmental conditions of Menoufia governorate.

AGRONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF NEW BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN UNDER MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm, faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to investigate the effect of various combinations of mineral and organic fertilization systems (mineral nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphate ore and potassium ore) beside without fertilization treatment on morophysiological characters, leaf nutritive status, yield and its components and technological and rheological parameters of some bread wheat varieties (Gemmeiza 11, Gemmeiza 12, Giza171, Misr 1 and Sids 13).The results obtained could be summarized as follows: 1- Fertilization with any mineral and/or organic fertilizers caused increases in most characters studied. Application of 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed was superior to the other fertilization systems in morophysiological characters (flag leaf area and chlorophyll content), leaf nutritive status (N content), yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, number of grains/spike, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological and rheological properties (protein, wet and dry gluten, flour whiteness, water absorption and dough stability) compared to other fertilization systems especially unfertilized plants which recorded the lowest values. 2- Data indicated that Giza 171 and Gemmeiza 11 varieties surpassed the other varieties in most morophysiological characters (plant height, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content), leaf nutritive status (N, P and K contents), yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield/fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological and rheological properties (protein, wet and dry gluten, flour whiteness, water absorption and dough stability) in favor of Giza 171 variety in most economic characters. 3- The interactions between fertilization systems and wheat varieties were found to be significant for most characters studied. It could be concluded that Giza 171 variety fertilized with 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed being the most effective combined treatment for maximizing most economic characters, where recorded the highest values of grain yield (3.869 and 3.906 ton /fed in the first and second seasons, respectively) under the environmental conditions of Menoufia governorate.

Структурно-агрегатний склад грунту залежно від основного обробітку та удобрення

The results of studies carried out in a stationary field experiment on chernozem typical low humus of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to study the influence of various variants of the main tillage and fertilizer systems on the structural-aggregative composition of the soil are presented. It was found that the waste-tail-free main tillage improves the content of agronomically valuable soil aggregates. The mineral fertilizer system leads to a deterioration of the soil structure.

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV)
 processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV
 respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

Агроэкологическая оценка различных систем удобрения в условиях Республики Татарстан

Producers of agricultural plant products are increasingly reporting a decrease in the responsiveness of cultivated plants to the mineral fertilizers applied to the soil. The explanation of this phenomenon can be the shift of limiting factors that determine the yield from the mineral components in the soil to substances of organic and biological origin. In the present work, comparative data are presented on the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer systems on the main biological indicators of the soil - nitrogen transforming groups of microorganisms, total microbial number (TMM), soil respiration. The change in total and mineral nitrogen in the soil is assessed. The novelty of the study is that organic fertilizers are used in amounts comparable to the doses of mineral fertilizers in physical weight - 200 kg per hectare. The application is carried out locally simultaneously with the seeding. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in soil with organic fertilizers under all crops (corn, sunflower, soybeans, sugar beets), ammonificators (20.0-45%) numerically dominate, nitrifiers (30.0-46.7% ), the total microbial number is higher by 24.6-48.3%. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions (soil respiration) is also higher by 19.0-45.6%. The intensity of biogeochemical processes in the soil and the associated transformations of mineral nutrients, respectively, and the provision of plants with them closely correlates with the number of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms. The correlation coefficient between the number of ammonifiers and nitrifiers with the total nitrogen content in the soil under all the studied crops on an organic fertilizer system is r = 0.93.

Вплив різних систем удобрення на продуктивність жита озимого у короткоротаційній сівозміні

Вирощування жита озимого, як однієї з найпоширеніших зернових культур в більшості агрокліматичних зон Європи та для зони Полісся України, з точки зору вирощування органічної продукції, є перспективним. Саме тому за мету наших досліджень поставлено вивчити можливість отримувати високі показники продуктивності жита озимого за умов мінімального використання мінеральних добрив, що наближено до ведення органічного землеробства. У досліді вивчено та порівняно вплив на показники урожайності жита озимого різних систем удобрення з компенсацією елементів живлення ґрунту за рахунок органічних добрив, рослинних решток та сидератів. Впроваджені у досліді системи удобрення включали: біологічний контроль, органічну систему (гній), органо-мінеральну 50:50, органо-мінеральну 75:25, органічну (сидерат) та мінеральну системи удобрення. Встановлено, що за три роки досліджень найкраща продуктивність жита озимого отримана після використання сидератів – 2,88 т/га та післядії гною – 2,93 т/га. Отриманими показниками підтверджено, що культура жита озимого істотно реагує не тільки на наявність тих чи інших елементів живлення, але й на їх видовий склад та співвідношення. Зважаючи на отримані результати показників продуктивності жита озимого, виявлено, що його найкраще вирощувати у короткоротаційній сівозміні за органічної системи з використанням гною, яка наближена до умов ведення органічного землеробства.

Prediction of the different genesis soils nitrogen systems status

The method for predicting the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of various types of Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine for the assessment of soil quality due to the background conditions, the influence of technological load (for the application of organo-mineral, organic and mineral fertilizer systems), and risk or influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals (HM) is grounded. In the elaborated methodical approach is obtained a regression equation by the determination of new correlations of soil energy intensity indices (the calorific value of humus, soil energy reserves in a layer up to 20 cm) in conjunction with the humus state and the use of mathematical and statistical analysis for determining the value of easily hydrolysable nitrogen with the ability to predict the quality of soils of various genesis, with the further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types, climatic zones due to technogenic HM pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method: by improving the determination of the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of different genesis for the evaluation of their quality by identifying the most correlated, diagnostically applicable integral basic indicators of soil properties, which allow the informativeness to make managerial decisions and to predict the quality of soils of different genesis in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, as a biogenic element, due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads with increased accuracy, speed and informativeness. Elaborated method can find application in the ecological standardization of the content of biogenic macroelements, the normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology for solving the problems of organic agriculture, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting of the soils nitrogen systems state; the quality of humus and macroelement status of soils on indicators of ecological and energy status; effective ecological management of soils due to the background conditions, as well as for various anthropogenic influences and in scientific research for the investigating of biogeochemistry and biogenic macroelements of soil cover. Separate provisions of the elaborated method became an integral part of the proposals on adaptation to the Nitrate Council Directive 91/676 / EEC of 12.12.1991 on the protection of water from pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, as amended by Regulation (EC) № 1882/2003 Cross Nitrogen Balances Handbook. Prospective directions of research in the field of diagnostics, assessment, forecasting of the state of soils nitrogen systems and the normalization of the elemental composition quality, in particular, the content of nutrient nitrogen are determined. In order to overcome the biogenic pollution (excessive accumulation of nitrogen compounds) in the environment (plants, waters), the normalization of nitrogen content in soils of different genesis should include: a) determination of the maximum permissible levels of mobile mineral forms of nitrate nitrogen by the elaboration of environmental requirements for nitrates contamination with plant products; b) normalization of the content of labile easily hydrolysable nitrogen and / or a dose of nitrogen fertilizers in conditions of sufficient and excessive moistening, considering the rapid processes of transformation of nitrogen compounds in soils; c) normalization of the soil nitrogen mineral compounds content in conditions of insufficient moistening and slowing down the processes of circulation of nitrogen compounds of soils. Distinctive features and advantages of the proposed elaboration in comparison with known methods and approaches are: 1) the express obtain of the accurate projected levels of easily hydrolysable nitrogen as a nutrient in the soil with the improving the accuracy of soil diagnosis by the use of the basic integrated indicators; 2) providing opportunity for greater efficiency of forecasting data on the functioning of the nitrogen systems of different genesis soils, quality, environmental and energy state of soils due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads while minimizing the cost of material resources; 3) empowerment of the user in determination of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in the soil without extensive chemical analysis by the choice of regression equations, based on the use of baseline soil properties of a particular type and subtype according to the available information; 4) versatility of the method by the suitability of detected dependencies of the proposed method for all soil types and subtypes, climatic zones and contaminants.

Agroecological Efficiency of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers under Frozen Soil Conditions

Investigations were carried out on permafrost taiga soil in Central Yakutia in a field factorial experiment with a wide range of rates and combinations of cattle manure and mineral fertilizers. The advantage of an organo-mineral fertilizer system in N60P60K60 rates was shown against a background of 40 t of manure per hectare, which provides, under watering conditions, potato tuber yields of 18 t per hectare with starch content of 13.9%, which is 47.8% higher than in the control without fertilizer use. The yield of potatoes under the organic system with annual manure rate of 40 t per hectare was at the same level with the mineral system, but tubers contained more starch, 12.8%. It has also been established that organo-mineral and organic systems have a positive effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil, optimize its humus state and phosphate and potassium regimes. For the mineral fertilizer systems in rates of N60P60K60, the yield increment was significant, but it did not exceed 17.8% with a lower starch content in tubers, 11.5%, and a negative balance of humus, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil.

Ways to Improve Land Use Efficiency Managing Private Agricultural Activities

Purpose of the research is to study the agroecological efficiency of silicon-potassium foliar feeding of vegetables amid the mineral and organic fertilization systems on the example of tomato and sweet pepper. Methods. Field, chemical analysis, statistical. Results. The content of chemical elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the soil in each of the experimental variants did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The crop yield for 2016-2018 showed a significant increase in tomato and sweet pepper yields amid the organic fertilizers and double silicon-potassium foliar feeding. In 2016, the maximum yield increase in this variant is 13.2 t/ha for tomatoes and 5.2 t/ha for sweet pepper; in 2017 11,1 t/ha for tomatoes and 7,8 t/ha for sweet pepper; in 2018 13,8 t/ha for tomatoes and 7,8 t/ha for sweet pepper. An analysis of the quality of tomato and sweet pepper yields in 2016-2018 showed that in any of the samples, the content of heavy metals does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The estimation of economic efficiency of yield for the period of 2016-2018 showed that each of the agro-applications (double silicon-potassium foliar feeding; mineral fertilizers N60P40K60; N60P40K60 application supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding; introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha; introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding) has a positive economic efficiency indicator compared to the control plot. The highest level of economic efficiency for tomatoes and sweet pepper on the average for three years of the experiment was obtained on the experimental site with the introduction of semi-perforated manure of 30 t/ha supplemented by double silicon-potassium foliar feeding. Conclusions. It was established that double foliar feeding amid the mineral and organic fertilization systems is an effective method to increase the efficiency of land use in the management of personal peasant farming. The result of this method application is quality and safe products.

Redox potential change of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils depending on the long-term anthropogenic impact

Influence of prolonged application of various fertilizer systems and periodic liming on the dynamics of redox potential (ROP) of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils under different crop rotations is presented in the research results. The obtained ROP indexes showed significant variability in variants of experiment depending on the fertilizer, lime and terms of determination in both fields of winter wheat and spring barley. The highest ROP values in variants with organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems with background of liming were observed in spring. They decreased during the period of maximum growth and development of winter wheat and spring barley together with the growth of microbiological activity and the intensity of CO2 release, and slightly increased before harvesting. It was established that the application of organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems with the background of liming with CaCO3 dose, calculated according to hydrolytic acidity, to the greatest extent increase ROP, especially during the period of intensive growth and development of plants. Compared to similar fertilizer system with the background of liming with a CaCO3 dose, calculated according to the pH- buffer capacity, it contributes to one-sided growth of oxidation processes and additional mineralization of humus. Thus, the organo-mineral fertilizer system with the application of 10 tons of manure per hectare of crop rotation and one norm of mineral fertilizers (N65P68K68) with the background of liming with CaCO3 dose, calculated according to the pH-buffer capacity (2.5 t/ha), contributes to rational use, preservation and fertility protection of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils, optimizing the redox potential during whole growing season of crops, and provides high yields. Studies have shown that during whole growing season of winter wheat and spring barley the lowest values of oxidation were obtained with the long-term use (for 50 years) of mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of one norm of mineral fertilizers only. It led to a decrease in the actual soil acidity to 4,03 pHKCl units and the increase of hydrolytic acidity to 5.11 mg-eq/100 g of soil. This once again emphasizes the importance of periodic liming of acid light grey forest surface-gleyed soils as a factor weakening the negative influence of mineral fertilizers. Key words: light grey forest surface-gleyed soils, redox potential, mineral fertilizers, manure, lime.