AGRONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAITS OF NEW BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN UNDER MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm, faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to investigate the effect of various combinations of mineral and organic fertilization systems (mineral nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphate ore and potassium ore) beside without fertilization treatment on morophysiological characters, leaf nutritive status, yield and its components and technological and rheological parameters of some bread wheat varieties (Gemmeiza 11, Gemmeiza 12, Giza171, Misr 1 and Sids 13).The results obtained could be summarized as follows: 1- Fertilization with any mineral and/or organic fertilizers caused increases in most characters studied. Application of 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed was superior to the other fertilization systems in morophysiological characters (flag leaf area and chlorophyll content), leaf nutritive status (N content), yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, number of grains/spike, grain yield /fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological and rheological properties (protein, wet and dry gluten, flour whiteness, water absorption and dough stability) compared to other fertilization systems especially unfertilized plants which recorded the lowest values. 2- Data indicated that Giza 171 and Gemmeiza 11 varieties surpassed the other varieties in most morophysiological characters (plant height, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content), leaf nutritive status (N, P and K contents), yield and its components (number of spikes/ m2, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, spike weight, grain yield/fed and straw and biological yields/fed) and technological and rheological properties (protein, wet and dry gluten, flour whiteness, water absorption and dough stability) in favor of Giza 171 variety in most economic characters. 3- The interactions between fertilization systems and wheat varieties were found to be significant for most characters studied. It could be concluded that Giza 171 variety fertilized with 50% mineral N + 50% organic N/fed being the most effective combined treatment for maximizing most economic characters, where recorded the highest values of grain yield (3.869 and 3.906 ton /fed in the first and second seasons, respectively) under the environmental conditions of Menoufia governorate.