Formation of winter wheat grain quality depending on fertilizer system and tillage

Abstract

Purpose. To establish the peculiarities of forming winter wheat yield and grain quality, depending on fertilizer system and main tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical (correlation, dispersion) using computer programs Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 6.0. The researches were carried out during 2011–2017 in the stationary field experiment on the experimental field of the Educational and Scientific-Innovative Center for Agrotechnologies of LLC “Agrofirma “Kolos” (Skvyra district, Kyiv region). Results. The most 1,000 kernel weight was recorded for mineral fertilizer system. Lower indices were observed for organic fertilizer system and in variants with no fertilizer. Test weight of grain under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems corresponded to the second class of quality (according to the State Standard 3768-10 at least 740 g/l) and was 740.2–742.7 g/l. Tillage did not significantly affect the test weight of winter wheat grain. In the variant of shallow low-tillage significant decrease of grain vitreousness was noted, which is explained by decrease of agrophysical and agrochemical indices of soil fertility. It has been established increase in protein content (by 1.4–3.5 %) in winter wheat grains under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems, but use of shallow low-tillage resulted in decrease of this index (by 4.3 %) as compared with the control. Under mineral fertilizer system, winter wheat grain was formed with higher gluten content than under organomineral and organic systems. In the case of shallow low-tillage gluten content in grain declined significantly as compared to control (by 4.7 %). Falling number for winter wheat grain in mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems was quite high (in the range of 225–231 s) that is significantly higher as compared to the control in differentiated and alternating deep and shallow tillage. Under organomineral fertilizer system winter wheat yield did not differ significantly from that of the mineral system. The yield of winter wheat significantly decreased compared to the control (by 0.8 t/ha) with shallow low-tillage. Conclusions. Winter wheat grain quality indices were better under mineral and organomineral fertilizer systems. Under organic system they were worse owing to nitrogen deficit. The application of shallow low-tillage significantly reduced the winter wheat grain quality indices. The highest yield of winter wheat was received under mineral fertilizer system (6.8 t/ha), significant decrease was observed under organic fertilizer system.