Mandatory Subject Research Articles

Character Education and Citizenship Education in The Middle of Community

Education is a conscious and well-planned effort to form an intelligent and well-characterized Indonesian society. Civic education is a place to prepare the younger generation with sufficient provisions in the social life needed in society. The ability to think critically, be responsible, have a democratic attitude and act is one of the supporters in the formation of the nation's character. The writing method in this article uses Literature Review. The condition of Indonesia's young generation is currently in a position that is quite disturbing. The declining enthusiasm for learning that is felt at this time has reached a very worrying point. The younger generation is increasingly showing moral deviations which indicate the younger generation no longer has a good character. Therefore, civic education has an important role in the formation of national character. Character values ​​through civic education in schools are one of the mandatory subjects at every level and path of education, from elementary school to college. The formation of national character through civic education is a must because it can form a young generation that is intelligent, and has noble character so that its existence in social life becomes meaningful and characterized.

VALUES CREATED BY MUSIC EDUCATION IN GENERAL COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS

This is the final part of research started in 2014 when development of the new National Curricula (NC) was initiated. The role of music education had to be mapped to prove its meaning as a traditional mandatory subject in the NC. According to the research program, different aspects, related to music education (content, integration of art subjects, informal and non-formal music activities, supportive learning environments, etc.), were analysed. The research of 2020 is summarising the values music education can provide for development of educated, responsible, ethical and creative people. The data collected from essays of school students and (future and in-service) music teachers (n=166), were analysed by qualitative methods. The values were classified by the following categories: social, cultural, cognitive, moral, aesthetic, personal. The research results can be used as arguments for developing music education syllabi in the NCs from kindergartens to gymnasia. The whole program of research is already being used for further development of music teacher education.

IMPACT OF ADDITIONAL TRAINING AND TRAINING IN SPECIALIZED CLASSES ON THE RESULT OF UNIFIED STATE EXAM IN CHEMISTRY: A SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Study of the additional training impact and training in specialized classes on result of the Unified State Exam in chemistry is due to the fact that in the modern period, on the background of the profiles introduction in secondary educational schools, the subject "chemistry" leaves the group of mandatory subjects. At the same time, there is an increase in complexity of the Unified State Exam tasks in this area. Paper tests a hypothesis of need for additional preparation of students for the Unified State Exam in chemistry, regardless of the general school class profile. Analysis of positive and negative aspects of various services for preparing pupils to the Unified State Exam is carried out. Article presents an analysis of the first-year students survey in the Northern State Medical University (Arkhangelsk) of four specialties: "General medicine", "Pediatrics", "Dentistry" and "Medical Biochemistry" in the number of 106 people on use of additional classes in preparation for the Unified State Exam, depending on the profile of the class and number of lessons in school, as well as impact of additional training on the result of the Unified State Exam. Aim of the study was to study the opinion of medical university students about the impact of additional training and training in specialized classes on the result of the Unified State Exam in chemistry. As a result of the study, it was found that training in general education or non-core classes in most cases is not enough to obtain a high score in the Unified State Exam in chemistry, which is necessary for admission to a medical university. Training in specialized chemical and biological classes, together with additional training, most often gives the highest result of the Unified State Exam. Students in specialized chemistry and biology classes turn to tutors or use courses or online schools to better prepare for the Unified State Exam.

The Effectiveness of English Literature in Inculcating Civic Education Principles among Saudi Learners from Mental Model Perspective

This study critically investigates the effectiveness of English literature in inculcating civic education principles among Saudi learners from a mental model perspective. The study entails the role of literature in formulating an ideal citizen and shaping positive perception towards Saudi Arabia and the globe. Citing to Saudi Arabia where English has been taught in different educational institutions as a mandatory subject, teaching English literature becomes a core course which involves language input from language learning enrichment perspective. This study aims at accentuating the significant role of literature in inculcating civic education principles and constructing a positive mental model which involves a positive perception of the globe. The researchers propose that English literature plays a salient role in creating cogent constructive consciousness among Saudi learners who are targeted to positively participate in sustainable development in Saudi Arabia. The study is based on a descriptive analytical approach employing qualitative methodology. The researchers use close reading and configurative reading as a tool for data collection. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of literature in constructing civic education aiming at building the good behavior of citizens and making them active participants in the sustainable development of Saudi Arabia. This study will hopefully help Saudi educators and education policymakers understand the significance of studying English literature in developing patriotism sense and ethical conception, which help individuals present themselves as a good citizen. In addition, studying literature can be a source of linguistic input for students, intercultural enrichment source, horizon-broadening factor and it is a valuable source for learners' motivation. The major findings of the study have revealed that English literature enriches civility awareness and intercultural comprehension. Moreover, it broadens Saudi learner's horizons and sensitivity.

A Method for the Affixed Word Transliteration to the Balinese Script on the Learning Web Application

This research proposed a method for the affixed word transliteration to the Balinese Script since there has not been studied yet and it is important since the affixed word needs to be transliterated, inevitably. This research is one of the efforts to preserve digitally the endangered Balinese local language knowledge in Indonesia through the multi-discipline collaboration between Computer Science and Language discipline. The proposed method was taken care of two related aspects, i.e.; (1) A Latin root word has its related Balinese Script root word by using default or special transliteration rule; and (2) A Latin root word with a special transliteration rule for its Balinese Script root word, also need a special transliteration rule for its affixed word. This study was conducted on the pioneering web-based transliteration learning application, BaliScript, that receives the Latin text input and outputs the Balinese Script by using the Noto Serif Balinese font with its dedicated Balinese Unicode. Through the experiment, the proposed method gave the expected transliteration results, added a certain perspective, and strengthened the transliteration knowledge. Future work is to enhance and reuse this method on the mobile computing device, as a part of the Balinese Language ubiquitous learning that supports Balinese Language education, which is a mandatory local subject from the elementary school to the high school in Bali Province.

Perceptions, attitudes and lifestyles of students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program about education for sustainable development

This study discusses students’ perceptions, attitudes, and lifestyles of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Program at Siliwangi Islamic College regarding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The research was conducted in October 2019 involving 86 students of PGMI study program through a survey that focused on knowledge of ESD, attitudes, and lifestyles of st sustainable development concepts. This research uses descriptive analysis. In terms of understanding found inconsistency of respondent’s knowledge of ESD, it can be seen from 74.4% of students have heard the term ESD, 70% stated understanding of ESD, but only 24.4% of respondent were right when asked about the definition of ESD. In terms of attitude, respondents are in a very good category (85.63%) it means that respondents understand how to behave according to the ESD values in daily activity. But this is not in line with the curriculum in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Program at Siliwangi Islamic College. The curriculum, especially mandatory subjects at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) or elementary school, does not contain the values or activities related to ESD. While on the other hand, the concept and program of ESD have been introduced since 2002 by UNESCO and participated in by many countries through educational programs ranging from primary education to higher education. This research is very important to produce a picture of ESD competence integrated into the curriculum in the madrasah ibtidaiyah teacher education program.

ВИКЛАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ЕТИКИ В ПЕРЕДОВИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ КИТАЮ

The article examines the issue of teaching medical ethics in leading Chinese universities in the training of medical professionals and found that medical ethics courses for physicians are an innovation for Chinese medical high schools. Due to different cultural traditions, researchers of Chinese medical ethics hold conflicting views on the scientific importance and practical necessity of medical ethics and bioethics. The study found that medical ethics education in China has gradually adapted the experience of leading countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom in teaching ethics. China is now in the process of discussing how to develop its own traditional ethics in the context of globalization. It is established that in the program of masters in medicine the formation of ethical knowledge is a mandatory subject. The teaching of medical ethics takes place not only while studying in Chinese universities, but is a long-term lifelong process in which the student summarizes the results of their efforts, combining moral reflection, learning and leadership. The article analyzes the methods and content of teaching medical ethics, which include relevant cultural, social and personal development, and the education of masters in medicine at Chinese universities.Teaching ethics in medical universities is a relatively new area of medical education in China, ethics curricula have different levels of development. In order to determine the peculiarities in the contents of curricula, teaching and learning methods, forms of evaluation and quality of teaching ethics in China, it was analyzed ethical education in several leading medical universities in China: Wuhan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University and Peking University School of Medicine. In the process of scientific research on the teaching of ethics in universities, it was found that medical ethics for some time was part of the mandatory course of disciplines, with a strong tendency to emphasize the correct ideological thinking of future physicians.Key words: specialist in medicine, medical ethics, master’s degree, higher medical education in China, professional competence of doctor.

O impacto das diretrizes nacionais para a formação humanística do curso de graduação em Administração Pública da UFRRJ

Neste texto discute-se os resultados da reformulação do projeto pedagógico do curso de graduação em Administração Pública de 2017 da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em cotejo com o projeto pedagógico de 2010 e as críticas contidas acerca deste em Baptista (2017). Analisamos 38 disciplinas que compõem a formação do discentes em créditos contidas no PPCGAP, especificamente nos atentando sobre ementas de 24 disciplinas obrigatórias quanto: objetivo geral, objetivos específicos, ementa, conteúdo programático, referências bibliográficas. No caso do novo PPCGAP/2017 da UFRRJ podemos situar uma formação humanística. No ciclo de formação básica, que vai do 1º ao 4º período, quase 65% das disciplinas abordam questões de desigualdade social, classe, gênero, raça e sexualidade. No novo PPCGAP/2017 há menção clara e direta aos tipos de desigualdades, violação de direitos e o compromisso do gestor público para com a resolução destes e outros problemas. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que o novo PPCGAP/2017 é pautado em sentido humanístico, crítico e situado em perspectiva democrática no âmbito de combate às desigualdades sociais.Palavras-chave: projeto pedagógico, administração pública, formação humanística, UFRRJ.

SCHOOL CULTURE PRESCRIBED IN EXPERIMENTAL SECONDARY SCHOOL CLASSES IN PORTO ALEGRE (1959)

Abstract This article aims to understand the school culture prescribed in the curricular plans sent to the Ministry of Education in 1959 to obtain authorization for experimental secondary classrooms in some schools of Porto Alegre (RS). Public schools proposed two different courses with nuclei of mandatory and elective subjects. The private school, directed to the female sex, defined only one school course, which consisted of mandatory and elective subjects, in addition to participation in clubs.

Oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing at public institutions courses in Brazil.

to identify the occurrence of oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing curricula. descriptive study, which data was obtained from curriculum and from Pedagogical Course Projects available on the websites from Brazilian public institutions, between June and July 2020. 143 undergraduate nursing courses were identified. From them, 132 nursing courses (corresponding to 89 education institutions) had available the curriculum and/or Pedagogical Course Projects. Only 7 (5.3%) of them had oncology as a mandatory subject, 4 of them in the Midwest Region. Only 35 (26.5%) had elective subject in Oncology, most of them in the Northeast (45.7%). on third of nursing courses at public institutions has Oncology subject in the curriculum, which is few considering the high incidence and mortality from cancer in the country. The findings contribute for discussions, in curricular accommodation, on the relevance of oncology teaching in nursing curricula.

BENCHMARKING RESULTS IN THE IMPROVEMENT PROCESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN SPORTS JOURNALISM

A comparative analysis focused on the educational program "Sports Journalism" of State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports of Armenia and "Journalism" of Thomas Moore University, showed that most of the mandatory subjects included in the curricula of both universities coincide in content, but differ in terms of subject credits anticipated. Taking into account the specifics of credits provided, the curriculum "Sports Journalism" for the 2019-2020 academic years was revised and appropriate changes were made to the curriculum for 2020-2021, making it possible to ensure the implementation of student mobility between educational institutions.

Філософська концепція якості в бухгалтерському обліку: теоретичне дослідження

The quality of information covers a number of its characteristics, and as a philosophical category quality is characterized by relativity, independence from the subject, as the most objective concept. In accountance, this concept is multifaceted and multivariate, which makes it difficult to outline and study the definition. Quality was considered as an internal feature of the subject, its property, a totality of features, etc. The article examined the philosophical interpretation of the concept of «quality» and its evolution in the accounting system, as a result of which it is found that the term «quality» has objective (measurable and calculated) and subjective (those that are evaluated only by each individually) characteristics. The author’s own vision of the philosophical category of «quality» in the accounting system is proposed. The main emphasis is on the objective and neutral nature of the category of «quality», which corresponds to its philosophical basis and allows to distinguish it from the concepts of «level of quality», «usability» and «suitability». There is a transition from the scheme «users – requirements – capabilities of the accounting system – quality» to the scheme «users – requirements – signs – capabilities of the accounting system – quality», and important factors of quality justification are standardization and audit system. Accordingly, in accountance, to ensure such objectivity, it is necessary to create requirements, since the quality, in addition to measurable (objective) features, has purely subjective features (each person evaluates accounting information differently). In order to ensure high-quality reporting, compliance with standards should be mandatory subject to clear regulation on the part of the State, responsible, not a formal approach to obtaining the relevant audit opinion. Not only the theoretical sphere, but also the practice of reporting by enterprises in terms of the characteristics of the category of «quality of reporting» requires further research.

Disposal of corporate rights of spouses

The article is devoted to the analysis of ways to dispose of corporate rights of spouses. It is determined that the alienation of corporate rights, withdrawal from the company and exclusion of a participant from a legal entity of corporate type is a form of realization of subjective corporate law of the spouses by an order aimed at terminating corporate relations between the participant and corporate legal entity. It is proved that in case of alienation of corporate rights and withdrawal from a corporate legal entity by one of the spouses - a participant of a corporate legal entity, consent to termination of corporate relations between the participant and the legal entity of the other spouse is not required. Such consent is presumed by law. The other spouse agrees to contribute the property that is jointly owned by the spouses to the authorized capital of the corporate legal entity, as a result of which the latter has either the right to claim the property obtained as a result of alienation of corporate rights or withdrawal from the legal entity. The other spouse may also be entitled to compensation for half of the share in the authorized capital of the respective legal entity and half of the share of income received from its activities (in the case of division of joint joint ownership). It is determined that if one of the spouses is registered as a shareholder of a joint-stock company and the other of the spouses is not, then the alienation of corporate rights (shares), including redemption of shares by the company, may occur without the consent of the other spouse; if both spouses are registered as co-owners of the company's shares, their consent to the alienation of corporate rights (shares), including the repurchase of shares by the company, must be mandatory subject to the law in this area.

Research on home economics teacher training curriculum that approaches general-purpose skills by focusing on the essence of the subjects

Home Economics is a mandatory subject in Japanese schools. While the subject teaches valuable life skills, few understand the significance and the science behind this important topic. Professor Akiko Suzuki from the Graduate School of Our Humanities and Social Sciences at Hiroshima University, believes in the value of developing and teaching Home Economics in schools to prepare the children of today for the challenges of tomorrow. Akiko has been working on the curriculum for training Home Economics teachers at the University. In such an uncertain global environment, with the home becoming the centre of not only family life, but also work life, Home Economics is even more important than ever before. Suzuki believes that, through this work, her team can have a big impact on improving and supporting teacher training to provide students with lifelong skills and competencies.

Perspectives and Paradigms of Bilingualism Concerned to Teaching and Learning in the Indian Education System

Bilingualism has been emerged as a familiar subject in the existing Indian scenario due to the distribution of multilingual culture in different geographical regions. Having proficiency in minimum two languages has been an indispensable necessity for all Indians. The English language has become a mandatory subject for all educated Indians. There is a paradigm shift in this regard, making all Indians essentially learn the English Language as a part of the three language system in Indian education. Different methods of teaching the English language is adopted in India. This paper focuses on all perspectives associated with the impact of bilingualism on teaching and learning of English in India, with a special emphasis on Transitional bilingual education. The ideology of guiding learners of the English language with a backdrop of bilingualism is duly highlighted.

Medical emergencies teaching in dentistry undergraduate courses in southeastern Brazil

Aim: The aim of this study is to offer an overview of the MedicalEmergencies (ME) discipline offer in Dentistry graduations insoutheastern Brazil and to observe the curricular characteristicsof the discipline when present. Methods: This cross-sectionaldocumentary study analyzed the available curricular frameworksin the official websites of Higher Education Institutions (HEI)in southeastern Brazil registered on the Ministry of Education’se-MEC website. The data were analyzed and tabulated using theGraphPad Prism 8.1.2 software, being described by absolute andrelative frequencies. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare theproportions between public and private institutions. Results:Of the 176 courses in the Southeast, 144 were included in thestudy for providing access to the curriculum, 19 (13.19%) werepublic and 125 (86.81%) were private. Only 27 (18.75%) of the HEIpresent the discipline of ME, with a greater tendency of supply inprivate HEIs (20.80%) when compared to public HEIs (5.26%),but this difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05).As a positive aspect, the discipline is predominantly mandatory(88.88%), and the with regard to the teaching methodology ispredominantly theoretical (68.18%). The average workload is50.14 hours (SD=19.54). Conclusions: In only 18.75% of thedental institutions in Southeast Brazil, ME discipline were offered.When offered, the discipline is predominantly theoretical andmandatory. This study raises an important discussion regardingthe need to include specific and mandatory subjects on ME inthe dentistry curricula in Brazil and reflects the need to updateand standardize the national curricular guidelines for dentistry.

Сomprehensive content of safety of vital activity

The discipline “Safety of vital activity” emergence as a mandatory subject in schools and universities is related to increased amount and the “quality” of risks generated by scientific and technological progress and appearance of environmental changes within the modern society the technosphere. The safety of vital activity initial foundations is initiated in the family and are subsequently formed and developed in the preschool institution. From the socialization perspective of the individual, the school years are classified as primary school age, adolescence, youth, that characterize socially constructed age periods. This indicates the necessity of creative approaches with including the training programs for safety of vital activity basics. In many cases the training programs and manuals on safety of vital activity programs contains a list of emergencies and the rules of conduct within the occurrence of it, in the absence of the causal analysis, of the medium and long-term consequences of their impact, which is the fundamental in understanding of the essence, predicting and preventing such situations. An alternative to resolving such contradictions can be the introduction of “Ecology” and “Valeology” as mandatory subjects, which appeared concurrently with the “Safety of vital activity”, and then disappeared from many educational programs. This range of educational programs represents the organic unity and internalinter connection and focusing increasingly on solving practical problems with concrete results in ensuring the safety of society. The Valeology is the branch of modern preventive medicine aimed to promoting healthy lifestyles. The achievement of Valeology is the separation between health and illness of an intermediate, “third state”, when a person is not sick yet, but is no longer healthy. The above characteristics of Ecology and Valeology, which makes visible the organic unity and internal relationship with the “Safety of vital activity”. The full pedagogical content of safety and life, and activities in modern conditions of societies existence can be considered as a single set.

Nursing education on palliative care across Europe: Results and recommendations from the EAPC Taskforce on preparation for practice in palliative care nursing across the EU based on an online-survey and country reports

Background: Nurses are the largest regulated group of healthcare professionals involved in palliative care. In 2004, a taskforce of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) launched the ‘Guide for development of palliative nurse education in Europe’ (hereinafter, the EAPC 2004 Guide). No systematic evaluation of its impact in the development of palliative care education was undertaken. Aims: To describe current undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education across Europe; to identify the roles that nurses with different palliative care educational levels have in palliative care; and to assess the uptake of the EAPC 2004 Guide in the development of palliative care nursing in Europe. Design: Descriptive research involving an online survey among nursing experts, and the consultation of national representatives. Setting/participants: A total of 135 nurses (52% response rate) from 25 countries completed the online survey; representatives from 16 countries were consulted. Results: In 14 (56%) countries, palliative care was not identified as a mandatory subject within undergraduate nursing education. The EAPC 2004 Guide is widely known and was/is being used in many countries to promote palliative care nursing education. Large variations were found across and within country responses. Conclusions: Palliative care nursing education varies largely in Europe. The wide awareness and use of the EAPC 2004 Guide show how policy measures can influence the development of palliative care education. Recommendations are built and focus on both fostering the use of this guide and implementing policy measures to ensure that palliative care nursing is recognised and certified as a specialty in all European countries.

Innovative methods in teaching public health ethics. The need to adapt to the new times: from challenge to opportunity

Abstract Background Public Health Ethics (PHE) has been taught first as optional and later as a mandatory subject in the Master of Public Health in Barcelona for about 6 years. During these years, professors have adapted the methodology to make it more attractive and to maximize students' participation and time spent debating and practicing moral reasoning. Objectives To showcase 3 different teaching strategies or methods, presenting for each of them: resources required, outcomes so far in terms of satisfaction and exam performance, as well as the pros and cons from the teacher's perspective. Results Flipped-classroom strategy: theoretical content is delivered outside the classroom, and the practice into the classroom. Works well but needs incentives for compliance in reading. Versatile debating Methods: from parliamentary debate, to role-playing, online debate, etc. Depending on the Case-study, some work better than others; in the online they practice written deliberation skills, but it is important to set rules. MOOC: Massive Online Open Courses in PHE. Can be used as independent teaching material, it is a great tool to introduce PHE into other PH areas and non-teaching environments. Conclusions So far, these methods have proven to increase students' motivation and engagement in Public Health Ethics. Key messages Practising reflection and debating skills is an essential part of PHE. Modern teaching strategies, more interactive and online-based, can help maximising the time spent in these activities. Although challenging and time-consuming at first, these methods also increase students' interest in PHE.

English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice

Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. This paper will analyse possible reasons for this fact. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.