To explore the circumstances that contributed to the development of neonatology and neonatal units in Israel, and to recognize the key figures who played an essential role in these advancements. This qualitative study involves in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected group of participants, including pediatrics, NICU managers, managers in the Israel Neonatal Society, and policymakers from Israel's Health Department. Interviews were conducted in a free narrative setting to encourage open sharing of personal experiences and opinions, with all sessions audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for accuracy. Thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts to identify recurring patterns and themes, providing an in-depth understanding of participant views. Additionally, text analysis of policy documents and guidelines from Israel's Ministry of Health and other relevant organizations was conducted using content analysis to complement and broaden the insights obtained from interviews. The study adheres to strict ethical standards, including obtaining informed consent and maintaining participant confidentiality. This study was conducted as part of the requirements for MD degree from the Goldman Medical School at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

The article is dedicated to exploring the profound ontological connections between Western neoplasticism of Piet Mondrian and the artistic practices of 20th-century Chinese modernism. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the transcultural dialogue that transcends formal parallels through a comparative study of the works of Mondrian and key figures of Chinese abstraction: Wu Guanzhong, Ding Yi, Zhao Wuzhi, Li Huashen, and Wang Guangyi. Special attention is given to the category of “emptiness” (śūnyatā, xū), which is viewed as a focal point of cultural transfer revealing the structural unity of Western and Eastern approaches to expressing the inexpressible essence of being. For the first time, the works of Mondrian and Chinese masters are examined through the lens of dialectical synthesis of their philosophical foundations—Theosophy on one side, and Daoism with Chan Buddhism on the other. The foundation of the work lies in a comprehensive comparative analysis that allows the comparison of the philosophical and aesthetic principles of the works of Mondrian and key representatives of Chinese abstraction (Wu Guanzhong, Ding Yi, Zhao Wuzhi, Li Huashen, Wang Guangyi). The research is built on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods from art studies, cultural studies, and philosophy. For the first time, the works of Mondrian and Chinese masters are investigated through the prism of dialectical synthesis of their philosophical foundations—Theosophy on one side, and Daoism with Chan Buddhism on the other. The results of the research indicate that the reception of neoplasticism in China was not a mere appropriation but a profound dialogue during which both traditions underwent transformation. The main conclusion of the research asserts that Chinese artists, by reinterpreting the formal language of Western abstraction, brought forth the archetypes of their own aesthetics, leading to the formation of unique artistic systems. The conclusions of the work confirm that the transcultural dialogue centered around the concept of emptiness demonstrates the universality of fundamental artistic and philosophical intuitions and reveals the mechanisms of productive cultural exchange during the era of modernism.

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in preserving local languages through learning activities at SD 011 Sangatta Utara. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that teachers play a strategic role as educators, mentors, and agents of cultural and linguistic preservation. Through methods such as dialogues, folk stories, pictures, and interactive games, teachers foster students’ interest in using local languages, particularly the Kutai language. The integration of local languages into learning activities, supported by technology and an understanding of students’ characteristics, enhances the effectiveness of preservation efforts. Moreover, teachers cultivate students’ pride and appreciation for their local culture, making them key figures in maintaining the sustainability of local languages amid modernization and globalization.

This paper examines the translation theories and practices of Xu Zongze 徐宗澤 (1886–1947), a key figure in the Jesuit community of the Zi-ka-wei compound 徐家匯. Descending from the prominent Catholic Xu family and serving as chief editor of the Revue Catholique 聖教雜誌, Xu was uniquely positioned to engage in religious and cultural dialogues. By situating Xu within modern China’s translation history, this paper highlights his significant contributions to translation scholarship, especially in merging Western religious thought with Chinese traditions. Xu utilized the “Discussion” column of the Revue for his “Treatise on Translation” 譯書論, celebrating Jesuit translation accomplishments and examining historical policies. His works advocate for using the Jesuit legacy in contemporary translation debates to enhance cultural understanding. Xu’s efforts, including the Synopsis of Jesuit Translations during the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清間耶穌會士譯著提要 and the “New Terms” series, resist linguistic dominance while facilitating intercultural understanding. Through his translation experience and Jesuit cultural initiatives, Xu Zongze advocated for the establishment of a Catholic translation institute aimed at developing talent and enhancing communication with Catholic publishers. By centering on Xu, this study reexamines the role of Zi-ka-wei within the context of modern Chinese translation history, evaluating how its engagement with Western knowledge effectively addressed the intellectual demands of the era, which called for contemporary interpretations.

he purpose of this article is to present the history of the senatorial family of Annii Italici Honorati and its representatives: L. Annius Italicus Honoratus (father), L. Annius Italicus (Gavidius) [Torqu?]atus (son), Annius Honoratus (son), Annia Italica (daughter), L. Annius Italicus Rutilianus (grandson). The key figures were homo novus L. Annius Italicus Honoratus and patricius L. Annius Italicus (Gavidius) [Torqu?]atus. Within two generations, the gens had achieved patrician status. The turning point in the family's path to the political elite came in the year 238 (the Year of the Six Emperors). At that time, Annius Italicus Gavidius Torquatus was appointed quaestor on the recommendation of the emperor (candidatus Augusti), and his father and father-in-law took an active part in the work of the college XX viri rei publicae curandae.The promotion of the Annii Italici Honorati was not, however, solely the result of individual merit – affinities with influential gentes also played an important role. The Annii were supported by the Bellicii, the Claudii Attici and the Rutilii Crispini, confirming the importance of family alliances in the political life of the Roman Empire.

The conference dedicated to Giovanni Rosadi, held in Florence on the centenary of his death, brought renewed attention to a key figure in the origins of Italian landscape law. Starting from the rediscovery of his 1910 legislative proposal “For the Protection of the Landscape”, the event offered a multidisciplinary reflection on the relevance of his ideas today. The introductory paper, while framing the contributions of the speakers, highlights the importance of distinguishing between the protection of landscape values and environmental protection, calling for a clearer, more effective and sustainable evolution of operational tools.

Taking the historical event of Sima You, Prince of Qi in the Western Jin Dynasty, being excluded from the imperial court as the starting point, this paper analyzes the important role of key figures in maintaining organizational stability. Sima You was highly respected and outstanding in ability; he could have stabilized various forces in the Western Jin imperial court and prevented the outbreak of the "War of the Eight Princes". However, after he was forcibly "laid off" (excluded from the court) by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin, the court lost its stabilizer, eventually leading to 16 years of internal chaos. By in-depth analysis of this historical case and combining it with modern enterprise management theories, this paper discusses the potential risks in enterprise layoff decisions. It puts forward management suggestions that enterprises should learn from history, carefully evaluate layoff decisions, and avoid "laying off the vital arteries".

Aquaculture anaesthesia, particularly with natural agents, has gained increasing attention due to its relevance in fish welfare, stress management, and sustainable aquaculture practices. This study addresses the need to systematically assess the state of knowledge, gaps, and potential future trajectories in this dynamic field. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus to collect and analyse scholarly publications related to natural anaesthesia in aquaculture. Metrics such as citation counts, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence were employed to unveil the research landscape. The VosViewer tool was utilised for network visualisations, offering insights into collaboration patterns and thematic clusters. Preliminary findings indicate a prolific output of research, with specific authors and countries playing pivotal roles in shaping the discourse. The co-authorship network analysis reveals key figures and interdisciplinary collaborations, while the keyword co-occurrence analysis uncovers central themes and emerging topics. The country collaboration map provides a visual representation of regional clusters, emphasising the global nature of aquaculture anaesthesia research. This bibliometric study is poised to contribute a holistic understanding of the trends and patterns in natural anaesthesia research for aquatic species. The expected results will shed light on the interdisciplinary nature of the field, identify potential research collaborators, and pinpoint knowledge gaps for future exploration. The insights gained from this study aim to inform researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in aquaculture, paving the way for sustainable and welfare-centric practices in the field of aquaculture anaesthesia.

This study explores the sociocultural significance of feng-shui in the funerary practices of the Song dynasty, focusing on how it was reconstructed through critique, selective acceptance, and institutional adaptation within Confucian ideology. During the Song era, which witnessed transitions in political institutions and intellectual paradigms, fengshui was deeply embedded not only in popular customs but also in elite burial practices and spatial perceptions. Rather than dismissing fengshui as superstition, Confucian scholar Class engaged in a nuanced discourse. While rejecting its divinatory aspects, they selectively adopted spatial and physical reasoning to fulfill ritual stability and express filial piety. This study analyzes texts by key Confucian figures Sima Guang(司馬光), Cheng Yi(程頤), and Zhu Xi(朱熹) to show that their approach was not uniformly oppositional but dialectical. Fengshui influenced grave site selection, urban planning, and educational layouts, serving as a symbolic system connecting death, space, and lineage. This research goes beyond previous studies by framing the interaction between fengshui and Confucianism in a broader socio-historical context, arguing that fengshui was reconstructed as a practical knowledge system aligned with Confucian governance and public ethics.

This article considers Roger Smalley’s conception of notation from the point of view of the relationship between playing and writing. It argues that notation was one of the ways in which Smalley understood music history as a history of the relationship between composers and performers. Smalley’s version of music history included several turning points, the most significant of which came with Karlheinz Stockhausen’s music, which changed the relationship between performers and composers. This changing relationship brought new challenges to the notation of music, which mediates between different roles. The article focuses on different forms of notation, and the flexibility of notation, which Smalley nevertheless incorporates into a coherent picture of postwar music; and positions Smalley as one of the key figures of the changing relationships that new forms of notation mediate. The article concludes with close observations about one of the scores that Smalley annotated most heavily, David Lumsdaine’s Kelly Ground (1966). These observations build on the research of Emily Payne and Floris Schuiling, who have established the value of performers’ annotations in writing about the agency of musicians and the adaptability of notation.

The article highlights the life and creative path of Ukrainian translator, educator and a lawyer Oleksandr Yakivych Konyskyi. It describes his creative legacy, which consists of over a hundred poetic and prose works, as well as journalistic writings. The article notes the significant contribution of the educator and translator to publishing activities and the creation of the textbook “Grammar.” It has been established that his most famous work was “Prayer for Ukraine” (“God Almighty, One and Only”), which became the anthem of Ukraine. It is emphasized that Oleksandr Yakivych Konyskyi was one of the key figures of the Ukrainian national movement in the second half of the 19th century. It has been established that the outstanding teacher and translator took an active part in the organization of the Poltava community, whose main task was considered by its members to be the education of the Ukrainian people. It has been established that the primary task of the community members, including Oleksandr Konysky, was to carry out educational activities among the broad strata of the Ukrainian people. It has been revealed that one of his main achievements was “Ukrainian Spelling,” published by Oleksandr Konysky in 1862 in his native language for elementary school students, which gained wide recognition in schools. It is emphasized that his “Prayer for Ukraine” became the spiritual anthem of Ukraine. It has been established that the main areas of Oleksandr Konysky's activity were literary (author of fiction, journalism, popular science works, biographical studies, the spiritual anthem of Ukraine “Prayer for Ukraine (God Almighty, One...)”), social and cultural-educational (active participant in the Ukrainian national revival, organizer of the Tarasivtsi Brotherhood – a youth national consciousness organization, participated in the creation of Ukrainian schools, held readings and created educational circles, initiated the creation of the All-Ukrainian Public Fund “Prosvita”), as well as publishing (founder and editor of Ukrainian magazines) and legal (defended peasants in court cases, advocated for social justice).

This text explores the profound and beautiful interplay between quantum physics and mathematics. We journey from the crisis of classical physics at the turn of the 20th century to the elegant, abstract mathematical frameworks that define modern quantum mechanics. We will see how physical problems forced the invention of new mathematics and how mathematical structures, in turn, provided the language to describe the quantum realm. Key figures like Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Born, von Neumann, Weyl, and Dirac will guide us,revealing a story where physical intuition and mathematical formalism are inextricably linked.

Integrated Quality Management (IQM) or Total Quality Management (TQM) has become a strategic issue in the field of education because it is directly related to improving the quality of learning, school management, and the achievement of sustainable competency standards. In the context of Islamic education and integrated schools, the implementation of IQM is not only oriented toward managerial efficiency but also toward the integration of religious values and the development of students’ character. Therefore, this literature review is essential to understand the development, trends, and challenges of IQM implementation in education. The purpose of this literature review is to examine how IQM is applied in various educational institutions and to identify its theoretical and practical contributions. The research questions proposed are: (1) How are the concepts and principles of IQM developed in education? (2) What are the main impacts and challenges of its implementation? The study employed a literature search through repositories, e-journals, and online publications using the keywords “integrated quality management,” “TQM,” and “education.” Out of 20 initial articles, only 5 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in depth. The analysis results revealed three main themes: strengthening the fundamental concepts of IQM, the role of key figures and TQM principles in education, and the implementation impacts on academic and non-academic quality. In conclusion, IQM has proven to be relevant as a strategy for improving educational quality, although challenges such as limited resources and internal resistance still need to be addressed. Future research should explore adaptive IQM strategies tailored to the local school context.

In the last 65 years several major historical databases with reconstructed life courses of large populations have been launched. Around 1990, we could find two important types of databases with longitudinal micro-data. The first type were event databases aimed on family reconstructions and usually based on baptism, marriage and funeral registers or on civil certificates introduced after 1800. The second type were databases with life courses: persons are observed on a more permanent basis using church examination or population registers. After 1990 a third type, databases with census data, really took off. In first instance in the form of samples, in second instance by entering full count samples which makes it possible to link the several censuses into one system, creating semi-longitudinal databases. Another development was the growth of special purpose samples into semi-longitudinal ones by following sampled persons from one source during their life course through linking with all kind of other sources. The development of these databases is indicative of considerable investments that have greatly expanded the possibilities for new research within the fields of history, demography, sociology, as well as other disciplines. In this paper I will compare 84 of these databases on several key figures like included sources, year of foundation, period of observation, area of observation, sample fraction and number of included observations, families and unique persons. An overview of all databases with all key figures is presented in the Appendix.

This article explores the cultural and historical significance of Barpy Alykulov (1884–1949), a prominent Kyrgyz akyn (folk poet and improviser), as a key figure in preserving and developing Kyrgyz national identity. Drawing upon his poetic works and mastery of aitysh — the traditional Kyrgyz form of poetic improvisation — the study analyzes how Barpy’s creative legacy reflected social injustice, love for homeland, and collective memory during a period of profound transformation in early 20th-century Central Asia. His poetry is presented not only as an artistic expression but also as a vehicle for social critique, national unity, and cultural continuity. The article further highlights the relevance of Barpy’s work in contemporary Kyrgyz society, particularly in educational and cultural practices, and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding such heritage for future generations.

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of electrostatic comb drives, specifically focusing on angled finger configurations to optimize performance for high-demand silicon photonic devices. The study contributes to the advancement of optical microsystems, particularly for beam steering configurations, by simultaneously considering three key figures of merit: traveling range (or displacement), force, and footprint, which are essential for achieving high force intensity and large travel ranges. We investigate critical design parameters such as the number of fingers per arm, their dimensions, and arm dimensions to understand their influence on actuator performance. The research also adheres to design rules for commercially available foundries, ensuring that the proposed designs are manufacturable and suitable for practical implementation. Our findings highlight that angled fingers significantly enhance force intensity and travel range, providing operational flexibility essential for applications requiring a compact footprint alongside high-force capabilities. Through detailed simulations and experimental validations, we demonstrate how specific adjustments in comb drive configuration, like finger geometry and comb arrangement, effectively maintain extensive travel ranges while improving force intensity. We achieved a force intensity of over 200 mN/m² through optimized comb configurations and demonstrated how changes in configuration, even with the same finger and arm dimensions, significantly affect the force intensity. Furthermore, we introduce correction functions to compensate for common fabrication discrepancies, such as over-etching, enhancing the precision of manufacturing processes and ensuring alignment with design specifications. This work establishes a robust framework for developing high-performance MEMS actuators that balance the need for a compact footprint with stringent force and travel range requirements in beam steering and other advanced optical applications.

This scoping review explores the impact of face-to-face Breastfeeding Peer Counselor (BFPC) interventions on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) prevalence at six months, maternal self-efficacy, and satisfaction. BFPCs are recognized as key figures in increasing EBF rates and improving health outcomes, especially within at-risk and underserved communities. A scoping review was conducted on literature published between January 2019 and March 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). 493 records were identified, of which 282 were selected based on title and abstract. Two reviewers critically appraise 85 full-text articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment tools. Discrepancies were resolved with two additional reviewers. Finally, 20 high-quality studies were included in the review. Prenatal home visits and group support have been associated with an increase of EBF initiation rates. Postnatal home interventions with at least a two-month follow-up significantly improved EBF prevalence at six months. BFPCs' cultural proximity to mothers builds trust and facilitates breastfeeding knowledge acquisition and problem-solving. Home visits provide closeness and emotional support, while community groups offer a trusted environment for mothers to share their concerns and challenges. The social learning facilitated by BFPCs underscores the importance of their integration into healthcare systems. However, global standardization of BFPC training and practice is essential for their worldwide expansion. Future studies should employ validated tools to assess maternal self-efficacy and satisfaction. Additionally, research should explore the impact of BFPCs in developed countries.

Abstract This paper examines the proposal to decolonise sociology by extending or modifying the list of its founders, or key figures, and by broadening the canon of works that are taken to define it. There is consideration of how founders or key figures are identified and canons constructed; the functions these serve; and the complexities, and grounds for disagreement, that these processes involve. The meaning of ‘decolonising’ a discipline is then considered and evaluated against this background. A series of difficult, unresolved, and frequently neglected, problems are identified, not just about the decolonisation project but also about the nature of sociology as a discipline.

Desmond (Des) Smith was a key figure in the UK’s early development of lasers and optoelectronics, leading the Department of Physics of the newly recognized Heriot-Watt University from 1970 until his retirement in 1996. Having initially made a name for himself through the development of the selective chopper radiometer—flown on the Nimbus IV atmospheric observation satellite—Des went on to establish a thriving centre of photonics research that extended not only within his own Heriot-Watt department, but more widely across the Scottish universities. This leadership also spread to include major European projects and wider collaborations. Research highlights included the development of the spin-flip Raman laser and the demonstration of optical bistability in a semiconductor. The latter led to numerous projects exploring the application of optical bistability to signal processing and optical computing. Alongside this work, Des established a series of companies that successfully commercialized numerous aspects of his research, producing laboratory instruments, manufacturing technologies and medical diagnostic and treatment systems.

Against the backdrop of the new era, the inheritance of campus culture in colleges and universities is confronted with the dual challenges of the impact of cultural diversification and the weakening of cultural identity among young students. As the core carrier of campus culture, the traditional forms of university history communication can no longer meet the needs of dynamic inheritance. University history drama, with the development process of colleges and universities, key figures and major events as its creative core, has realized the reconstruction of value dimensions in the inheritance of campus culture through immersive and emotional artistic expression. This paper adopts the methods of literature research, case analysis and in-depth interview, combined with the theory of cultural memory and experiential learning theory, to systematically analyze the reconstruction logic of university history drama in the dimensions of educational value, cultural identity value, activation value of university history resources and cultural radiation value. By exploring practical cases of university history drama in multiple colleges and universities, this paper identifies the practical dilemmas in the current practice of university history drama. Finally, from the four dimensions of content transformation, communication expansion, guarantee improvement and curriculum integration, it puts forward the practical paths for university history drama to empower the inheritance of campus culture, providing theoretical reference and practical paradigm for colleges and universities to activate university history resources and strengthen cultural inheritance.