Abstract The precise quantification of the limits to manipulating quantum resources lies at the core of quantum information theory. However, standard information-theoretic analyses do not consider the actual computational complexity involved in performing certain tasks. Here we address this issue within the realm of entanglement theory, finding that accounting for computational efficiency substantially changes what can be achieved using entangled resources. We consider two key figures of merit: the computational distillable entanglement and the computational entanglement cost. These measures quantify the optimal rates of entangled bits that can be extracted from or used to dilute many identical copies of n -qubit bipartite pure states, using computationally efficient local operations and classical communication. We demonstrate that computational entanglement measures diverge considerably from their information-theoretic counterparts. Whereas the information-theoretic distillable entanglement is determined by the von Neumann entropy of the reduced state, we show that the min-entropy governs the computationally efficient setting. On the other hand, computationally efficient entanglement dilution requires maximal consumption of entangled bits, even for nearly unentangled states. Furthermore, in the worst-case scenario, even when an efficient description of the state exists and is fully known, one gains no advantage over state-agnostic protocols. Our findings establish sample-complexity bounds for measuring and testing the von Neumann entropy, fundamental limitations on efficient state compression and efficient local tomography protocols.

This paper explores George R. R. Martin’s high epic fantasy saga, A Song of Ice and Fire, through the intersecting lenses of postcolonial alterity and the social model of disability. It concentrates on two key disabled figures—Tyrion Lannister and Bran Stark—considering disability not merely as a physical or medical state, but as a condition defined and intensified by social exclusion, prejudice, and entrenched cultural values. Using qualitative textual analysis across all five published volumes, the discussion focuses on three interrelated themes: marginalization, inclusion and participation, and autonomy. The analysis shows that although Martin subverts certain genre conventions by granting disabled characters political authority, narrative presence, and symbolic weight, he also employs compensatory traits—such as heightened intelligence or supernatural abilities—to explain their centrality. By exposing these contradictions, the study argues that fantasy fiction can simultaneously disrupt and reproduce ableist narratives, offering alternative insights into questions of power, identity, and the human body while contributing to wider conversations on the portrayal of disability in literature.

English： Huangfu Shi (777–835), courtesy name Chizheng, was a native of Xin’an in Muzhou (present-day Chun’an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). A renowned literatus and poet of the Tang dynasty, he held the official post of Langzhong (郎中, Bureau Director) in the Ministry of Works. As a disciple of Han Yu, he became a key figure in the mid-to-late Tang “Classical Prose Movement.” Importantly, he also played a significant role in the development of Confucian thought as it gradually integrated Buddhist and Daoist philosophies, contributing to the evolution that would later culminate in Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism. The original collection of his writings, titled Collected Works of Huangfu Chizheng (《皇甫持正集》), comprises six volumes. For the present annotated edition, the three-volume version included in the Complete Prose of the Tang Dynasty (《全唐文》) has been used as the base text. Building upon this, the collection has been expanded to nine volumes, with the addition of an epitaph composed by Huangfu Shi. This volume contains the first two fascicles, including six fu (rhapsodies in the classical prose-poetic form) and one ce (a policy proposal), accompanied by nearly 560 detailed annotations. 中文： 皇甫湜（777–835），字持正，睦州新安人（今浙江省杭州市淳安縣）。唐代著名文學家、詩人，曾任工部郎中（正六品官，掌管營造水利等政務）。早年從韓愈學古文，為中晚唐「古文運動」的重要代表人物之一。更重要的是，他在儒學吸收佛、道思想的過程中，扮演了關鍵角色，為宋明理學的漸次形成奠定了思想基礎。 其文集原題為《皇甫持正集》，共六卷。本次注釋整理，以《全唐文》所收三卷本為底本，在此基礎上擴編為九卷，並增補皇甫湜所撰碑文一篇。 本書收錄《皇甫持正集》前兩卷，收入賦六篇、策一篇，並附詳細注釋約五百六十條，期以助讀者深入理解其文辭風格與思想旨趣。

Drawing on the realization that classical family sociology often treats children as passive dependents—rendering them analytically invisible—this study examines the transformation of the concept of the “symbolic child,” a culturally constructed image of the child’s role and meaning in family life, from agrarian societies to the digital age. This research aims to re-center the symbolic child as a key analytical figure in family sociology and considers how historical and cultural shifts in the symbolic meaning of childhood have redefined the role and meaning of the family institution. The analysis acknowledges that conceptions of childhood are not monolithic; it notes variations by gender, class, and historical-cultural context, bringing an intersectional nuance to the findings. Methodologically, using a qualitative, interpretive, and historical-comparative analysis grounded in cultural sociology, the study traces and compares changes in the symbolic status of children across successive periods. The key findings reveal a profound transformation in the role of children: from economic agencies and labor contributors in agrarian households, children became emotional focal points in industrial-era families, and in today’s media-saturated society they have become precociously adultified participants. Overall, the findings suggest that to understand the family as a cultural institution, the evolving symbolic child must be placed at the center of sociological analysis.

A gentle giant: Thomas Jefferson’s ground sloth Professor Loren E. Babcock and Dr H. Gregory McDonald discuss the historical significance of palaeontology, focusing on key figures’ contributions to the field and their studies of the ground sloth, Megalonyx. Palaeontology occupies a rather unique place in the public imagination – usually the word conjures up visions of large, scary, extinct monsters. This makes for good entertainment, but the reality is much more nuanced and both technically and historically fascinating. The roots of palaeontology’s common perception were established in the late 1700s, soon after major political and social upheaval in France and North America. Study of ancient life forms shifted from mere cataloguing, similar to today’s biodiversity inventories, to a scientific endeavour with overtones of social messaging paralleling contemporary thinking and events. More than two centuries later, we continue to witness changing perceptions of ancient life paralleling aspects of our social environment and our understanding of long-term climatic and environmental changes.

Professor François Terrier, Emeritus Professor of the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France, passed away in July 2024. He was a key figure in physical organic chemistry and a pioneer in this field in Europe. The breadth of Prof. Terrier's contribution to science was remarkable. His former collaborators and colleagues and researchers involved in the field of physical organic chemistry are gathering with ChemPhysChem to commemorate Prof. Terrier's contributions in the form of a special issue devoted to physical organic chemistry.

The discourse surrounding Islamic tradition and modernity has remained a critical issue in Iran, even following the Islamic Revolution of 1979. This debate has permeated seminaries, sparking considerable engagement among clerics and intellectuals. Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ṭabāṭabāʾī, a preeminent contemporary Qur’ānic commentator and a key figure in the revival of philosophical thought in Iran’s seminaries, stands at the center of this discourse with his theory of Constructional Conceptions ( Idrākāt ʿitibārī ). This article briefly introduces Ṭabāṭabāʾī and his theory, then analyzes three prominent interpretations of his constructional conceptions within Iran’s intellectual community. While critical of materialist, colonial, and atheistic elements of Western thought, Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s moderate approach has opened pathways for dialogue between Islamic tradition and modernity. His emphasis on the rational and social dimensions of Islam, coupled with his intellectual openness to diverse traditions, has promoted a form of intellectual pluralism, a vital aspect for Muslim-majority societies engaging with modernity.

Claudia Rodríguez (Chile, 1968), writer, performer, and activist, is a key figure in the Latin American travesti movement. This paper examines her literary production, which emerged in the second decade of the 21st century through the self-publishing of her works in fanzine format: "Dramas pobres. Poesía travesti" [Poor Dramas. Transvestite Poetry] (2013); "Cuerpos para odiar. Poesía travesti" [Bodies to Hate. Transvestite Poetry] (2014a); "Manifiesto horrorista" [Horrorist Manifesto] (2014b); "Enferma del alma" [Sick at Heart] (2015); and "Para no morir tan sola. Escritura en pandemia" [So as not to Die so Alone. Writing in a Pandemic ] (2022). Our focus will be on the hybrid and mestizo nature of her texts – not linear but fragmentary – and her incorporation of orality.

The article focuses on analyzing the relationship between strategic planning and public leadership within the system of public administration, particularly in the context of current challenges of state-building. The purpose of the study is to clarify the leader’s role in strategic planning, identify the specific features of management transformation during wartime and post-war recovery, and outline the changes in styles and functions of public leadership. The research employed general scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative method, systemic approach, generalization, and logical-analytical method. The results show that the leader in strategic planning acts as a key figure who coordinates interactions between management levels, ensures coherence of actions, and directs teams toward achieving shared strategic goals. It has been found that the transformation of strategic planning in Ukraine occurred through a gradual transition from a centralized to a decentralized, digitally oriented, and adaptive management model. The modern paradigm is based on the principles of openness, participation, and evidence-based policy, as well as the active use of digital technologies and data to enhance policy efficiency. During wartime, strategic planning acquires a security dimension by combining defense and socio-economic priorities, while the post-war stage focuses on modernization, infrastructure recovery, and integration into the European space. In accordance with these processes, public leadership also evolves – from administrative management to a facilitative, innovative, and value-oriented style. The study demonstrates that a modern public leader thinks strategically, acts flexibly, maintains dialogue with the public, shapes a vision of shared development, and mobilizes society to strengthen national resilience. The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of applying its findings to improve the public administration system, develop leadership competencies among civil servants, and increase the effectiveness of strategic planning in the context of post-war state recovery.

Day hospices are an emerging component of outpatient palliative care in Germany. However, a standardized quality management system utilizing defined quality indicators has not yet been implemented. This study aimed to develop a new set of quality indicators for day hospices. Through a multi-phase, quality-assured review, we screened validated quality indicators from German-language S3 guidelines and established quality indicator sets, including the Quality Indicator System for Outpatient Care (QISA) and Outpatient Quality Indicators and Key Figures (AQUIK) based on defined criteria for their relevance to day hospices. Selected indicators were analyzed by a validated and operationalized evaluation tool (QUALIFY) for their applicability to day hospices by an expert panel and subsequently finalized through a nominal group process. A total of 19 quality indicators, suitable for quality assurance of day hospices were identified from 482 potential quality indicators drawn from 29 S3 guidelines and 11 quality indicator sets. Of these, 13 indicators pertained to process quality, while 6 addressed structural quality. Indicators for the outcome quality were either not available or not suitable for a day hospice. The 463 not selected indicators were excluded mainly due to possible mismanagement or lack of reference to the goals and tasks of a day hospice. The newly developed quality indicator set provides a robust framework for assessing and comparing the quality of care in German day hospices. Nevertheless, ongoing refinement and practical evaluation are necessary to ensure its relevance and effectiveness in routine clinical settings. The study was registered as part of the IMPULS-Study in the German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS-ID: DRKS00031613; Date of registration: 04 April 2023) and the Display portal of the Center for Clinical Studies of the University Hospital Regensburg (Z-2022-1734-6; Date of registration: 01 October 2022).

ABSTRACT For over 30 years, the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua bordering Texas and New Mexico has experienced and witnessed multiple forms of violence across its rural and urban regions. Communities are besieged with cartel and gender‐based violence and the saturation of international corporations that pay less than livable wages for workers in Ciudad Juárez. An overwhelming amount of attention has focused on Ciudad Juárez for cases of feminicide pointing to the early 1990s as a period when families of disappeared and murdered women, activists, human rights defenders, journalists, academics, and national and international human rights regimes clamored over the hundreds of women and girls who disappeared and were never found or whose remains were located near or within Ciudad Juárez. Concentrated attention was given to the feminicides at that time, but over the years, less focus has been given to the galvanizing efforts of local people to demand responses from authorities to resolve these atrocities. This article focuses on our efforts since 2019, to digitally chronicle the now 30‐year movement and continued struggle to end feminicide and gender‐based violence in Chihuahua by families of disappeared and feminicide victims, activists, human rights defenders, journalists, and other key figures. Our transborder digital humanities project, Fuerza Feminista: Intimate Recovery of Memory Archive (FFIRMA) , collects analog and digital materials and oral history interviews from movement participants using a methodology we have termed “transborder digital archeology.” We have tasked ourselves, as a digital humanities scholar and as a feminist border scholar‐activist, both originally from the Paso del Norte region (Chihuahua, Texas, and New Mexico), to begin the process of moving across international geopolitical borders to work with families, activists, human rights defenders, and others to engage in what we call a transborder digital archeology. Through our work with Fuerza Feminista , we also discuss concepts that we have coined like “intersectional data violence” and “intimate archiving,” describe in detail later in this article, as additional tools and methodologies for feminist data and digital humanities scholars, activist‐scholars, and others to utilize when documenting and analyzing crimes against humanity. In this article, we will also discuss the proliferation beyond the local level of prominent feminist digital data projects on a global scale to end gender‐based violence. We provide a curated list and an analysis of certain projects that encapsulate the efforts of digital activism doing the work of counting feminicides (D'Ignazio 2024) and gender‐violence data, that generate counter data or the memory work of documenting feminist social movement in the Americas.

This research aims to analyze the process of cultural assimilation between Islamic values and the Tedhak Siten tradition in Menganto, Mojowarno, Central Java. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, involving key figures in the tradition, including religious leaders and community figures selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, and then analyzed using Robert E. Park's cultural communication theory. The results show that cultural assimilation occurs gradually through symbolic changes and spiritual meaning, such as replacing traditional mantras with Islamic prayers and reinterpreting main symbols, while maintaining local cultural identity. The entire process involves active participation across generations, with religious leaders playing a significant role in building legitimacy and acceptance of new ritual meanings. In conclusion, the Tedhak Siten tradition in Menganto serves as a model of harmonious cultural-religious integration, strengthening social cohesion, and ensuring the preservation of local traditions amidst modernization dynamics. This finding contributes to the development of multicultural communication studies, religious-cultural integration, and strategies for preserving traditions based on intergenerational dialogue.

Vietnam has emerged as one of the most dynamic renewable energy (RE) markets in Southeast Asia, marked by impressive growth in solar and wind power. This paper aims to analyze key figures on renewable energy development in Vietnam, review legal and technical barriers, and assess the evolving policy framework towards achieving the national Net-Zero target by 2050. Between 2015 and 2021, solar capacity rose from under 100 MW to more than 18 GW, largely fueled by supportive Feed-in Tariff (FIT) policies under Decision No. 11/2017/QD-TTg and Decision No. 13/2020/QD-TTg. Wind energy also expanded, reaching about 4 GW by 2023. By 2024, renewables accounted for nearly 30% of national electricity capacity. However, challenges persist. Post-FIT uncertainty, delays in PDP8, grid congestion, and the lack of advanced storage or forecasting limit system flexibility. These issues hinder private investment, compounded by the absence of a mature carbon pricing framework. In response, Vietnam has shifted from FITs to competitive bidding schemes, with pilot auctions planned, while also drafting a carbon market framework to mobilize climate finance. The paper highlights that PDP8 (National Power Development Plan VIII), approved in 2023, sets ambitious goals: renewables to supply 47% of electricity by 2030. Policy adjustments now integrate carbon cost considerations, promoting sustainability. Furthermore, Vietnam is collaborating with international partners to enhance grid standards, develop recycling solutions for end-of-life solar panels, and apply ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices. The research provides a comprehensive overview of achievements, identifies bottlenecks, and evaluates future directions for Vietnam’s renewable energy sector, underlining its critical role in realizing the Net-Zero 2050 commitment.

Digital health technologies are developed to aid individuals in managing their health. Nonetheless, a significant number of these technologies remain neither implemented nor utilized by potential end users. One contributing factor to this gap in uptake is the insufficient consideration of the target audience needs and requirements during the development phase of these technologies. Moreover, certain groups in society are often underrepresented in such research projects (so called “hard-to-reach”), leading to a disconnect between the developed technologies and their needs and requirements. However, recruiting a representative study population – including individuals from different demographic backgrounds - for such studies poses challenges for researchers. One proposed solution is panel research, wherein a fixed group of participants is willing to participate in multiple research projects over time. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve experts in panel management or with researchers working with individuals in a vulnerable position, to gain insights into their experiences. Through thematic analysis, four key themes emerged: diverse recruitment strategies, investment in sustainable participation, simplified informed consent, and regulating practical matters. Recruiting a representative study population requires diverse and active strategies, such as visiting community centres and leveraging key figures. Long-term engagement can be maintained through regular, accessible communication, flexible participation options, and aligning research goals with participants' interests. Additionally, clear expectations, a supportive environment, respect for privacy, and feedback and incentives are crucial for retaining panel members. Taken into account these factors support inclusiveness in digital health research. Ultimately resulting in better alignment between users’ needs and the development, implementation and adoption of digital health technologies.

ABSTRACTLateral resolution is a key figure of merit for spectroscopy across all applications. Confocal Raman spectroscopy is able to provide chemical and structural information with submicrometre resolution, resulting in widespread use across multiple disciplines of science and technology. However, the lack of agreed‐upon measurement standards and appropriate reference samples has hindered uptake. Here, we report the development and demonstration of a reference sample based on indium arsenide (InAs) semiconducting nanowires for measuring the lateral resolution of confocal Raman spectroscopy with a pathway for traceability to the International System of Units (SI). An interlaboratory comparison involving 15 participants from 11 countries has been conducted to rigorously test and demonstrate the suitability of the sample and the method. The study identified required revisions to the measurement protocol to improve the consistency of data analysis and that the long‐term operational stability of the reference sample requires further improvement. Based on a revised data analysis protocol, the method delivered consistent results at the 95% confidence level for eight of the nine participants who returned full datasets. Outcomes from this study have contributed to the publication of a new international standard (ISO 23124:2024).

This study aims to examine three major Sufi figures in the Islamic Sufi tradition, namely Ibn Arabi, Al-Hallaj, and Sheikh Siti Jenar, and the views of mu'tabar (trusted) scholars on their teachings and thoughts. This research uses a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. This method aims to explore in-depth the views of key figures relevant to the research topic—the views of scholars on three controversial Sufi figures: Ibn Arobi, Al-Hallaj, and Sheikh Siti Jenar. These three figures have had a significant influence on the development of Islamic mysticism, although their teachings are often seen as controversial. Ibn Arabi, with the concept of wahdat al-wujud (unity of existence), taught that everything in the universe is a manifestation of God, which can only be understood through inner search and spiritual awareness. His teachings on the unity of God and creation made a major contribution to Sufi thought, although it has been criticized by some circles because it is considered to have theological consequences that contradict mainstream Islamic teachings.

First World War poetry has often been stereotyped in the public imagination as protest poetry, but scholarship has shown that the poetry composed during the war varied in its perspectives. Protest poetry did become a feature, but its didacticism contrasts with the more nuanced poetry of unease that was evident from the onset of the war. This article analyses ways in which the poetry of unease deployed the classical texts of ancient Greece and Rome to communicate the impact of conflict on individuals, societies and environments. The Trench poets discussed here came from a wide range of social and educational backgrounds. All used key figures, values and metaphors from ancient texts, especially Homeric epic, as touchstones for exploring the effects of industrialized warfare on conceptions of heroism and conflict, on funerary rituals, and on the relationships between war and environment, providing intertexts for subsequent creative writers and scholars.

This paper examines access to Global Goal 3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—ensuring good health and well-being—as both a fundamental human right and the foundation of human prosperity, particularly in the context of future smart cities in Libya. The objective is to promote healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages, a prerequisite for sustainable development. After presenting key facts, figures, and targets for 2030, the paper outlines the scope of Goal 3, which addresses global health challenges such as increasing life expectancy, reducing infant mortality, and ending epidemics including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and other communicable diseases. Despite progress, the global picture remains uneven: more than 1.3 billion people lack access to effective and affordable health care, 93 percent of whom live in low- and middle-income countries—including Libya. These countries account for only 18 percent of global income yet represent just 11 percent of total health expenditure, highlighting a stark imbalance. Maternal mortality rates remain 14 times higher in developing countries than in developed ones, and only half of women in these regions receive the recommended health care during pregnancy. According to the UN, over 16,000 children under the age of five die daily from malnutrition, dehydration, and preventable diseases. Although the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of 2000 brought significant progress, major hurdles remain, particularly for women and children in vulnerable regions. Sustainable progress requires universal, affordable health systems supported by strong vaccination programs, equal access to sexual and reproductive health services, and widespread health education. This paper further examines how global health threats were being addressed in 2018 through preparedness, prevention, and rapid response, under the WHO’s “No Regrets” policy for health emergencies. It highlights how outbreaks may be inevitable, but epidemics are preventable, provided that governments and communities can keep pace with increasing social, economic, and environmental complexity. In Libya, particular attention is given to the health of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and migrants. As more than half of the world’s population now resides in cities, the paper emphasizes urban health governance to address non-communicable diseases, emerging pathogens, and the human impact of natural disasters. The study explores key components of healthy development—including the role of big data, ICT, and infographics in health services; the introduction of SMART healthcare insurance cards; the WHOQOL-BREF mental health program; specialized clinics for Tawerghan IDPs and migrants; and access to safe water and sanitation. Case studies are presented showing the feasibility of powering large hospitals and research centers with solar energy, thereby supporting universal health coverage and advancing medical research. The paper also discusses the establishment of an autonomous National Committee for Health Sector Reform (NCHSR), emerging from the Libya Health System Strengthening Programme (LHSS) initiated with EU support, to conduct a root-level reform of Libya’s health sector. Finally, it offers recommendations aimed at ensuring that suffering belongs to no one, guided by the principles of the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, as part of a vision for a shared and interdependent planet, promoting health, well-being, peace, progress, and prosperity.

Abstract This study examines the life and multifaceted legacy of Veled Çelebi İzbudak (1869–1953)—a Mevlevi sheikh, Ottoman bureaucrat, and key figure in Turkish linguistic reform. Positioned at the intersection of tradition and shifting sociopolitical dynamics, İzbudak’s career exemplifies how Sufi intellectuals actively engaged with and negotiated the ideological and administrative transformations from the late Ottoman empire to the early Turkish republic. By situating İzbudak within the broader historical transformations of his era, the article highlights his engagement with significant reforms, such as the closure of Sufi lodges (1925) and the language reform (1928), revealing his dual role as a preserver of religious heritage and a proponent of modern state-building initiatives. Through an analysis of his memoirs, writings, and official correspondence, this research uncovers how İzbudak reconciled his Sufi commitments with the nationalist ideals of the republic, emphasising his advocacy for Turkish linguistic preservation as a bridge between Ottoman Sufi legacies and the emerging cultural identity of modern Turkiye. Challenging the reductive portrayal of Sufi figures as passive in the face of reform, the study argues that İzbudak exemplifies the nuanced agency of Sufi bureaucrats, offering a deeper understanding of their contributions to cultural, linguistic, and political transformations during a pivotal period in Turkish history.

Davit Evereklyan, one of the key figures in the Armenian diaspora theatre, began his journey in the theatre in 1943 in Lebanon. He founded several theatre companies, including “Lebanese-Armenian,” “Petros Adamyan,” “Germanic,” and “Beirut-Armenian Backstage Artists.” As a director and actor, he brought to life characters from both Armenian and foreign playwrights in numerous productions. Evereklyan’s prolific theatrical career in Lebanon was interrupted by political instability, prompting his move to Montreal with his family. There, he revitalised his theatrical environment by collaborating with the “Armenian” and “Constantinople-Armenian Union” theatre companies.