The novelty of the study. Due to Russia’s genocidal war aimed at the destruction of Ukraine in the 21st century, the factors shaping national identity have become of paramount importance. The aim of the article. This study identifies, analyses, and contextualises the latest alternative history novels, such as «The Third Tercium» (2019) and «Reprints of the Unfinished Drafts» (2020) by Oleksandr Menshov. These works provide a comprehensive perspective on the ideological and informational struggle of Ukrainians, who found themselves within an enemy state. They also reveal the mechanisms Russia employs to erase Ukraine physically, culturally, and informationally. Methodology. The main method of the research id comparative analysis. Conclusions. Alternative history serves as a productive metaphor, offering insight into the potential course of 20th-century European history – and the early 21st century – had Russia suffered defeat in its imperial ambitions, particularly in World War II. Such historical deconstructions are explored in Vasyl Kozhelyanko’s «Parade» trilogy: «Parade in Moscow», «Konotop», and «The Lord’s Human Zoo». These works illustrate how substituting patriotism, nationalism, and human- centrism with Moscow- centric cosmopolitanism, pacifism, and collectivism has historically reshaped ideologies. Ukrainian literature, especially classical works, preserves examples that lend themselves to alternative historical narratives. Oleksandr Menshov, a contemporary Ukrainian writer from Kherson, remained in his hometown during both the onset of war in 2014 and the full-scale Russian invasion. As of 2023, he has not left. His works engage with the necessity of countering the enemy while constructing an intrinsic ideological and informational arsenal to resist genocide – both in the present and the future. They emphasize Ukraine’s reestablishment as a victorious nation within Europe and the world.On the global cultural stage, this discourse extends to debunking Russian historical and literary fakes, exposing its ideological manipulations, and dismantling the false narratives of what Mikhail Epstein terms the Russian antimythology. The primary goal of this study is to outline and critically examine fundamental imperial myths and ideological constructs that have infiltrated Ukrainian culture and literature for centuries. These narratives were designed to facilitate gradual expansion, instil a Little Russia complex, and erase Ukrainian national identity. Perspectives for future research. A crucial part of this conversation is addressing the falsification of history, particularly the misrepresentation of key historical figures and their roles. Equally important is highlighting examples of national self-representation that form the foundation of Ukraine’s cultural canon and drawing attention to the nation’s victories on Europe’s geopolitical map

Purpose: To support the healthy development of youth, programs have begun embracing the strength-based approach of positive youth development (PYD), with sport serving as a unique learning context. However, much remains unknown about the life skill transfer phenomenon. Methods: Using photo-elicitation methods, the current study sought to explore the transfer and application of life skills from the perspectives of 12 Black youth (ages 9–14 years old) who participated in a sport-based PYD program. Results: Findings from a document analysis illustrate the transfer of self-control, effort, teamwork, as well as personal and social responsibility. Further, findings identify specific transfer contexts (e.g., home, sport, school, community) and highlight how life skills are applied. Discussion: The study provides a unique snapshot into the lived experiences of youth, illustrating life skill transfer opportunities, as well as the potential for collaborative efforts with key adult figures throughout the developmental ecology of youth.

This longitudinal study assessed the career aspirations and ultimate careers of 28 academically talented American girls across three time periods: Time 1 (7th/8th grade), Time 2 (11th/12th grade), and Time 3 (current study, 21 years post-Time 1). Two decades after the initial study, these participants are all in their 30s, identify as female, and were primarily employed. The women answered a battery of survey questions, and the data were analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results clustered around three primary themes: their careers, children, and specific influences on their ultimate academic and career trajectories. Although the participants generally adhered to their early career interests, they elaborated on circumstances contributing to their success, which included parental influences on their early academic aspirations. This study offers educational and career development counseling recommendations while emphasizing the enduring impact of early career guidance and the influential role of key figures in fostering academic and vocational success.

In times of increasing insecurity, women often emerge as key figures in coping with crises through contexts of care. This article aims to critically reflect on how food and specific forms of food activism, such as Ollas Comunes, allow for a rethinking and re-evaluation of traditional gender roles related to food. These roles, which are deeply embedded in social and cultural narratives, constitute the foundation of shared social representations. Historically, women's participation has been constrained to the private and domestic spheres, with a focus on matters related to household management and food preparation. Nevertheless, women's social movements of care that focus on environmental, food, and basic needs issues are gaining prominence and creating spaces for activism and resistance. The literature indicates that women's groups, frequently emerging from pre-existing informal networks, serve as vital resources during emergencies, providing a crucial service that is implicitly included in reconstruction policies. Their proactive involvement is based on a broad and deep knowledge of everyday realities and responds to the specific needs of the target community. These women-generated spaces, in which food serves as a central symbol and resource, allow women to respond to immediate needs, share ideas and knowledge, and promote community resilience. Despite significant challenges, including those related to legitimacy and social integration, these movements continue to develop and organise, becoming essential vehicles for social support and community resilience. This critical analysis demonstrates how food, through women's activism, can serve as a potent instrument for empowerment for these social actors who are acknowledged in the public sphere. The innovative actions undertaken by these groups address not only basic needs but also promote the creation of material and social structures capable of redefining women's gender roles in care and society. This, in turn, makes them more powerful and influential.

Abstract This article examines how clerical reformers in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries utilized the Old Testament figure of Deborah to legitimize and encourage the active participation of elite laywomen in ecclesiastical reform. Focusing on key figures such as the countesses Matilda of Tuscany and Adelaide of Turin, the study shows how reformers crafted allegorical and historical links between biblical women and contemporary noblewomen, promoting the latter as agents of reform. Ecclesiastical reformers such as Peter Damian and Bonizo of Sutri made particular use of the Book of Judges’ Deborah to explore concepts of female secular authority defending the Latin Christian Church. The article argues that these reformers newly emphasized Deborah’s militant and authoritative role in the Old Testament rather than promoting existing late antique and early medieval readings of Deborah as a wife, widow, and mother. This shift in exegetical interpretations of Deborah directly supported the roles of elite laywomen in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries as vital co-participants in the ecclesiastical reform movement.

Media coverage often provides an incomplete or inaccurate picture of sex trafficking and its impact. This study explores how myths about sex trafficking are propagated in Israeli media and how newspapers construct this concept. A thematic analysis was conducted on 90 articles from the past decade. The findings reveal two themes: (a) forms of sex trafficking and (b) characteristics of key figures. Israeli newspaper coverage tends to conflate sex trafficking with prostitution, focus on salacious details, perpetuate sexist misunderstandings, and misrepresent common methods of trafficking. These myths lead to misunderstandings that hinder the ability to identify and respond effectively.

In 2025, a decade will have passed since the death of Oliver Sacks, yet his legacy continues to resonate through publications and events dedicated to his memory. This article examines Sacks' enduring influence on neurosciences, highlighting his contributions to narrative medicine and his role as a key figure in the "third culture," which bridges science, the humanities, and the arts. While often criticized during his career for sensationalizing science and allegedly exploiting his patients by portraying them as a "freak show," Sacks ultimately gained recognition for humanizing medical practice. Furthermore, his work brought the complexities of neurological disorders into public awareness while emphasizing the subjective experiences of patients. Though some of his methods were unconventional within twentieth-century neurology, Sacks is best understood as part of a tradition within the neurosciences that prioritizes the subjective dimension of experience. This article situates Oliver Sacks' contributions within the broader frameworks of clinical humanities, offering a critical analysis of the context of his work. It also explores key challenges confronting the neurosciences of subjective experience, particularly the need to enhance the scientific rigor of verbal data analysis through qualitative and neurophenomenological methodologies. Given that the understanding of neurological and neuropsychological disorders cannot be fully captured through biological and behavioral variables alone, qualitative approaches that examine the subjective experiences of illness are indispensable. These methodologies not only promote a humane and inclusive perspective but also provide a rigorous framework for illuminating the subjective dimension.

One of the earliest documented accounts of pile-dwellings in present-day Croatian territory dates to 1885, when Šime Ljubić, the director of the Archaeological Department of the National Museum in Zagreb, discovered sharpened wooden piles embedded in an artificial island of a fishpond on the property of Mr. Petar Horvat in the village of Budinščina in north-western Croatia. Ljubić observed that the piles were arranged in regular patterns and identified them as remnants of a prehistoric pile-dwelling, drawing comparisons to the Terramara pile-dwellings in Italy. He conducted preliminary archaeological excavations at the site and subsequently presented his findings at a conference in Klagenfurt, Austria. These results were later published in two brief reports in 1885 and 1887. In late 1885, Luigi Pigorini, an Italian archaeologist engaged in research on the Terramara sites and a key figure in the 19th-century "pile-dwelling fever," read Ljubić's first report and initiated correspondence. This paper aims to present Ljubić’s discoveries by utilizing archival materials and archaeological artifacts housed at the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. A significant portion of the article includes transcripts of the original letters exchanged between Ljubić and Horvat, as well as between Ljubić and Pigorini, thereby contributing historical context and highlighting the renewed scholarly interest in prehistoric pile-dwellings in the region.

The main characteristics of the digital generation are identified and its managerial potential is revealed. It is emphasized that in the near future the “network generation” (generation Z) will play a dominant role in Ukrainian society, including in making important public decisions. The key figures of the digital generation are “digital natives” as the indigenous inhabitants of the digital society; its most mobile part is “digital travelers” (nomads), who manifest themselves as free from constant attachment to a specific place of residence, seeking freedom and getting rid of forced permanent identification. In addition, in the conditions of a digital society, “digital immigrants” are joining the “digital natives” who were not born in the digital world, but actively use the achievements of digitalization of modern society.

Women have made significant contributions to the dissemination and teaching of hadith, particularly in classical hadith schools that emerged during early Islam. Their roles extended beyond narration to include teaching and the development of hadith sciences. This article aims to explore the role of women in this context, highlighting key figures such as Aisyah bint Abu Bakr, Ummu Salamah, Fatimah al-Marwazi, and Karimah al-Marwazi. The study employs a descriptive-analytical method based on library research, referencing primary sources like classical hadith compilations and secondary sources from academic articles. The findings reveal that women played strategic roles in the transmission and teaching of hadith. Aisyah, for instance, narrated over 2,000 hadiths and became a central reference in various aspects of Islamic jurisprudence. Female scholars like Fatimah al-Marwazi and Karimah al-Marwazi significantly contributed by teaching monumental works such as Sahih Bukhari in classical hadith schools. Despite social and cultural challenges, these women successfully left a lasting impact on the development of Islamic scholarship, which remains influential today.

Education is a vital necessity in people's lives. One of the media that can be used is Interactive Learning Media, which can present material in visual form, as well as simulate material that is difficult to convey verbally. The author plans to provide material on Introduction to Key Figures Involved in the Proclamation of Independence, which is expected to facilitate students’ learning process. The research location is Jagapati Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, Bali. The data collection methods used include interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The testing process involved both alpha and beta testing. The number of respondents was 32 people, consisting of 28 fifth-grade students, 2 subject matter experts in Social Studies for fifth grade at SD N 1 Jagapati, and 2 media experts. The results showed that the interactive learning media had a positive impact, with an evaluation score of 86% from teachers, indicating that the media is beneficial for teaching. The student evaluation score was 89.996%, showing a positive effect on student learning, while an evaluation score of 78% from university lecturers indicated that the media is suitable for use. It can therefore be concluded that Interactive Learning Media is highly practical for use by both students and teachers in the Social Studies learning process.

The 20th century was a period of radical change for the Czechoslovak people. It was marked by political transformations and foreign interventions that brought social changes. In 1948, Czechoslovak history changed dramatically when the Czechoslovak Communist Party took control of the country through a coup d'état marking the beginning of over 40 years of political and cultural repression under communist rule. This paper aims to examine the role that Czechoslovak culture played in the movements against communism and argue that the anti-communist movements in Czechoslovakia were primarily intellectual and cultural-driven revolutions. This paper achieves this by examining the demands of revolutionaries, key figures, and institutions from the Prague Spring to the Velvet Revolution.

Hand surgery in Vietnam has evolved significantly, especially in cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Hue. Despite advancements, there remain challenges, including the lack of a unified national hand surgery society. This article highlights the contributions of key figures, advances and the future of the discipline in the country.

Islamic scholarship has continuously developed interpretations of concepts such as jahiliyya and hakimiyya, underscoring their significance in shaping Islamic discourse across various historical periods. This research examines these terms from their historical origins to contemporary adaptations by extremist groups, highlighting their importance in supporting particular ideologies and actions. By reviewing key figures such as Ibn Taymiyya, Mawdudi, and Qutb, alongside an analysis of the ideological frameworks of groups like ISIS, the interaction between historical Islamic traditions and contemporary challenges was elucidated. This study highlights how these traditions have been dynamically reinterpreted to address modern complexities. The study aims to deepen the understanding of jahiliyya and hakimiyya in contemporary radical Islamic thought, underscoring their significance and influence within the broader context of Islamic intellectual discourse. By exploring this complex tapestry, the study highlighted the adaptability of religious terms and their impact on the socio-political dynamics of the Muslim world.

Despite increasing numbers of doctors and doctor density in the outpatient sector, a care problem has developed in Germany in recent years. Obviously, it is becoming increasingly difficult for patients to get an appointment with a specialist or to find a family doctor or paediatrician. On the other hand, doctors are complaining about increasing utilisation, which they can no longer afford. There are many press articles, political and professional policy statements and scientific papers on this subject [1, 2, 3]. Causes cited include: the shortage of GPs, the increasing utilisation of medical services due to demographics, too few medical school places, the work-life balance of the younger generation and others. The healthcare system in general, and outpatient care in particular, is a system with long latencies in relation to the various (professional) policy measures and attempts at control that have taken place in the past. Therefore, the temporal development of various key figures over several decades is presented and analysed here in relation to today's care problems.

The incidence of psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, has been steadily increasing, while current treatment approaches remain limited in efficacy. As a result, there is an urgent need to explore more effective therapeutic interventions. In recent years, MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) has emerged as a promising and innovative approach, demonstrating favorable clinical potential in the treatment of these disorders. Although preliminary studies have confirmed its therapeutic efficacy, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the research trends and current limitations of MDMA-AT remains lacking. This study employed a bibliometric approach to systematically retrieve and analyze research literature published between 1994 and 2023 on the application of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Relevant data were obtained from three prominent databases: Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus. VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel were used to perform visual and quantitative analyses, focusing on publication trends, research hotspots, prolific authors, leading institutions, and international collaboration networks. The findings indicated a substantial increase in MDMA-related research over the past decade. The United States has led the field in publication output, with the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) identified as the most productive institution. Key figures, such as Rick Doblin, have demonstrated high influence and centrality within the global research network. The research focus has gradually shifted from investigations of the neurotoxic properties of MDMA to explorations of its therapeutic mechanisms, safety profiles, and clinical applications. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the past thirty years of research on MDMA-AT in the treatment of PTSD, anxiety, and depression, identifying major research trajectories and critical challenges in the field. While current findings highlight the therapeutic promise of MDMA and its translational potential, further research is needed to improve trial design, enhance sample diversity, and evaluate long-term effects in order to support the standardization and evidence-based integration of MDMA- assisted therapy into clinical practice.

This article reflects on the roots of the taboo and stigma surrounding the topic of suicide within contemporary Christian society. By examining the attitudes of significant historical figures in Christianity towards the phenomenon of suicide, the article illustrates the development of Christian views on suicide throughout history and seeks to explain the origins of the attitudes currently prevalent among members of contemporary Christian faith communities. The views of Church Doctors such as Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas, as well as key figures of the Reformation movement, demonstrate the Church’s consistent rejection of suicide throughout most of its history. Legal and other documents from the period under review also reflect society’s harsh treatment of individuals who died by suicide and their relatives. Since the official position of the Church and related legal frameworks began to change significantly only in the 20th century, it is understandable that stigmatizing attitudes toward those affected by suicide still persist in society.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the novels "Burn" and "The Crimean Island" by Vasily Aksyonov — the most prominent writer of the second half of the 20th century. The author aims to identify the characteristics of the portrayal of the Soviet intelligentsia and to determine the main traits exhibited by the intelligentsia character in Aksyonov's novels. The research objectives include analyzing the images of the main characters in the works "Burn" and "The Crimean Island," highlighting the motives behind their behavior and choices, as well as their interactions with others; based on the findings, drawing a conclusion about how the theme of the Soviet intelligentsia in the 1970s is revealed in the novels. The relevance of the topic is due to the insufficient study of the writer's work, while Vasily Aksyonov was a key figure in the literary world of the 1960s and 1970s, being at the forefront of the Russian postmodern novel and the development of the alternative history genre. The author examines the content of the novels in close connection with Aksyonov's biography and the peculiarities of Soviet reality in the 1970s. To achieve the stated goal, the author employs biographical, comparative, and cultural-historical methods. As a result, it is proven that the intelligentsia characters in Vasily Aksyonov's novels are passionate individuals inclined to deep analysis of the surrounding reality, capable of creating, and they are peace-loving and compassionate; each of them is endowed with the mission of a creator, united by the choice of serving a higher ideal instead of personal happiness. Aksyonov's intelligentsia heroes are similar in that after undergoing initiation, experiencing betrayal in love and friendship, and ultimately arriving at the "Word of God," their attempts to bring positive change to Soviet reality and find a place for themselves end in tragedy. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential use of the examined material in teaching philology students in the courses "Analysis of Fictional Texts," "Literary Studies," "History of 20th Century Russian Literature," and the special course "Russian Postmodern Literature."

Abstract In today’s world, the idea of culture has an inherent plural character. The conceptual pluralisation may occur at different levels. We witness a growing number of cultural manifestations through the complex dynamics between individuals and their multicultural communities. The post-modern human being interacts with cultural artefacts and philosophical notions in an increasingly personalised manner. Franz Boas and Johann Gottfried von Herder are two key figures in the pluralisation and personalisation of the concept of culture through the implicit ideas of Einfühlung. Conventionally associated with other philosophers, this complex notion can be traced back to Herder. The idea of “feeling into” creates powerful meanings out of numerous divergences articulated in the individuals and their interaction with the world. By using the historical epistemology approach, significant continuities emerge from anthropological and psychological narratives. German-American transfers involved a meaning metamorphosis in anthropology that expresses the human drive to personal significance and development. Despite being relatively unknown outside German--speaking circles, the concept of Einfühlung has continued to evolve and to change cultural representations in contemporary societies.

In the 18th-century France the secondary art market was rapidly developing. The key figures in that process were marchands, or art dealers. The article is aimed at investigating different aspects of marchands’ activity. Not only did they do their business, but they also had an influence on the entire cultural environment of the time. The author of the article refers to foreign, especially French, sources and research literature. The article is relevant due to the lack of studies of the topic under consideration in the Russian language. The works by foreign scholars are numerous but they have hardly been translated into Russian and thus are almost inaccessible to the Russian audience. Moreover, the author aims to present her personal perspective on the issues of art trade. The text of the article is divided into three parts each of them focusing on a particular phenomenon. The first part reveals the activity of Parisian marchands: how it started, where the majority of their shops were situated and why, where they travelled and what for, who they dealt with and what their concern was. The second part highlights the formation of auction practices which became widespread in the second part of the 18th century and contributed to the establishment of the genre of fine art catalogue. The third part portrays marchands as experts, advisers of wealthy collectors, and creators of many art collections. Linking artistic and social processes, this research will be useful for the development of such a field in art studies as the social history of art.